Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Karla Vermeulen

The “Introduction” chapter of Generation Disaster: Coming of Age Post-9/11 describes the book’s premise: Current emerging adults (ages 18 to 29) have faced an unprecedented level of cumulative stressors throughout their lives, including the post-9/11 wars, school shootings and other disasters, climate change, and the pandemic. These threats are compounded by societal factors like a struggling economy, political divisiveness, and the impact of social media. The chapter outlines the book’s methodology and presents the core questions that will be addressed about the developmental impact of growing up in such a complex world, including how the many stressors they face will shape the cohort as they move through emerging adult and beyond.

Author(s):  
Karla Vermeulen

Generation Disaster: Coming of Age Post-9/11 is an in-depth examination of the multiple stressors that shaped the developmental environment for today’s emerging adults in their youth and as they now take on adult responsibilities in an unprecedentedly complex world. Those stressors include all of the societal changes that occurred in the United States after the attacks of September 11, 2001, as well as other threats like the increase in school shootings and other human-caused disasters, worsening natural disasters and concerns about the future due to climate change, and the global pandemic. The omnipresence of social media amplifies these issues and heightens political divisiveness, while the difficult job market, growing wealth gap between rich and poor, and burden of student debt make many emerging adults doubt they’ll ever find a satisfying career, be able to start a family, or buy a home. As a result, many are stressed out and pessimistic about their futures, yet others are flourishing despite all of the challenges they face. Generation Disaster provides a detailed look into the many forces that are shaping this cohort of emerging adults, drawing on quantitative and qualitative research and including extensive quotations that allow its members to speak for themselves to counter the negative stereotypes older people often perpetuate about them.


Author(s):  
Rachel F. Seidman

The seven women in this section were born between 1966 and 1976, at the height of the burgeoning feminist movement. They discuss not only the impact of feminism on their own lives, but on their mothers as well. Some reflect on whether or not the world is a better place for their daughters than when they were growing up. Coming of age in the 1980s and 90s, these interviewees reached maturity during the rise of Reagan Republicanism and what Susan Faludi termed the “backlash” against feminism. None of these women set out at the beginning of their careers to be professional feminists; it never crossed their minds as a possibility. About half of the women in this chapter have been involved in one way or another with the intersecting worlds of journalism, academia, social media, and business, and half—all of them women of color—have worked in direct-service and non-profit organizations. With long careers and experience in a variety of contexts, these women help us understand how feminism has changed over the past twenty years, where the movement is headed, and some of the reasons why even those who undertake its work do not always embrace it wholeheartedly.


Author(s):  
Ian Taylor

Africa is a continent of over a billion people, yet questions of underdevelopment, malgovernance, and a form of political life based upon patronage are characteristic of many African states. ‘Introduction to Africa and its politics’ explains that the core questions underpinning this VSI centre on how politics is typically practised on the continent; the nature of the state in Africa; and what accounts for Africa’s underdevelopment. This VSI aims to appraise sub-Saharan Africa’s recent political history, examining post-colonial political structures, the impact of colonialism, and the form and nature of post-colonial states. The type of politics practised in many African states continues to be hostile to genuine nation building and broad-based, sustainable development.


2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Little ◽  
Elizabeth Handley ◽  
Eileen Leuthe ◽  
Laurie Chassin

AbstractThe current study tested the impact of the transition to parenthood on growth in alcohol consumption from early adolescence through emerging adulthood. We measured age-related discontinuity in trajectories of alcohol consumption associated with timing of the parenthood transition, above and beyond the effects of accrued educational status, gender, and time-varying marital status. We also examined the impact of a familial selection factor for the transmission of alcohol use problems, family history density of alcoholism (FHD), on both risk for adolescent parenthood and risk for adolescent parents' continuity in alcohol consumption after the parent transition within a mediation structural equation model. Premature timing of parenthood had a distinct effect on emerging adult alcohol trajectories. Although participants who became parents as emerging adults showed role-related decline in alcohol consumption, those who became parents during adolescence showed a role-related rise in emerging adult alcohol consumption. Gender moderated adolescent parents' role-related growth in emerging adult alcohol consumption. Adolescent fathers showed an adverse rise in alcohol consumption after becoming parents, whereas adolescent mothers' alcohol consumption did not change significantly. FHD was related to high adolescent alcohol consumption, which mediated risk for the incidence of early parenthood. Finally, the adverse effect of FHD on trajectories of emerging adult alcohol use was mediated by a dual pathway: (a) developmental continuity of conduct problems and (b) early transition to parenthood.


Author(s):  
Niamh Cullen

This book investigates how the intimate lives of Italians were transformed during the post-war ‘economic miracle’ of the 1950s and 1960s, during which millions of Italians migrated to the cities, leaving behind rural ways of life and transforming how people thought about love, marriage, gender, and family. At the core of this book lies the investigation of almost 150 unpublished diaries and memoirs written by ordinary men and women who were growing up and coming of age during these years. The book weaves these personal stories together with the Italian popular culture of the time, which was saturated with both new and old ideas of romance. Films and magazines encouraged young Italians to put romantic love and individual desire over family, contributing to changing expectations about marriage, and sometimes tensions within families. At the same time popular love stories were frequently laced with jealousy, hinting at the darker emotions that were linked, in many minds, to love. Through its exploration of courtship, marriage, honour crime, forced marriage, jealousy, and marriage breakdown, this book traces the ways in which the lives both of individuals and of the nation itself were shaped by changing understandings of romantic love and its darker companions, honour and jealousy.


Author(s):  
Paul Kelly ◽  
Jennie Jordan

In this chapter we set out the principles, the possibilities, the processes and the practicalities of designing your festival. We start from the principle that festival design is first and foremost the artistic creation of the event, mentally and physically. That is, first the festival is conceived in the designers’ mind: it is imagined, reflected on and desired. Second, the designer works through the possibilities and practicalities of what they want to do, including the key area of programming, before moving on to the process of festival production. As we shall see the increasing necessity of designing a good festival ‘experience’ is all important. There is, however, no shirking the many physical and practical considerations, such as venue size, utilities, and duration, all of which have to be considered at this design stage. This chapter assumes you are starting from scratch, because that ensures we cover all of the bases. If you are designing or redesigning a festival that already exists, the main difference is that you will need to know what your audiences and other stakeholders value about the festival’s current design so you don’t alienate them. This chapter defines what festival design includes and stresses the importance of being clear on why you want to produce a festival. It looks at the central factors that sustain a festival. What is the festival’s rationale? What is its vision? What makes for a good programme? You may already have a clear idea of what you want to do and why, in which case this chapter will be a good means of testing it. Alternately you may know you want to stage a festival but may not be clear on the theme or rationale. This chapter will help you focus on that. Finally, festivals are a combination of vision and detail. It is often easiest to start with the details such as logo design or decor, but don’t let that distract you from the core questions of why you want to undertake this difficult, tiring and risky project, and who you are producing it for. The chapter starts with the vision and rationale as this will inform the all-important detail that will follow. You don’t build a house without first laying the foundations. Festival design can involve a wide range of rationales and motivations. These can include personal motivators including beliefs and philosophy, aesthetic and artistic rationale, place and spatial issues and of course finances. We will examine all of them in this chapter.


2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Suárez-Orozco ◽  
Hirokazu Yoshikawa ◽  
Robert Teranishi ◽  
Marcelo Suárez-Orozco

Unauthorized immigrants account for approximately one-fourth of all immigrants in the United States, yet they dominate public perceptions and are at the heart of a policy impasse. Caught in the middle are the children of these immigrants—youth who are coming of age and living in the shadows. An estimated 5.5 million children and adolescents are growing up with unauthorized parents and are experiencing multiple and yet unrecognized developmental consequences as a result of their family's existence in the shadow of the law. Although these youth are American in spirit and voice, they are nonetheless members of families that are "illegal" in the eyes of the law. In this article, the authors develop a conceptual framework to systematically examine the ways in which unauthorized status affects the millions of children, adolescents,and emerging adults caught in its wake. The authors elucidate the various dimensions of documentation status—going beyond the binary of the "authorized"and "unauthorized." An ecological framework brings to the foreground a variety of systemic levels shaping the daily experiences of children and youth as they move through the developmental spectrum. The article moves on to examine a host of critical developmental outcomes that have implications for child and youth well-being as well as for our nation's future.


2021 ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
Constance Robert-Murail

In this article, Constance Robert-Murail will explore the poetic »accidents« at work in two extracts of Black Swan Green (2006) by David Mitchell. The novel tells the trials and musings of Jason Taylor, a thoughtful 13-year-old growing up in a backwater town full of strange neighbours and middle-school bullies. Throughout the year 1982, the reader witnesses Jason mediating between the various personae of his fragmented identity: Unborn Twin, his faint-hearted alter ego; Eliot Bolivar, the nom-de-plume he uses to write poems for the local parish newspaper; and, most importantly, Hangman, a malignant personification of his stammer. According to Garan Holcombe, David Mitchell's own experience of stammering has provided the novelist with a particular »sensitivity toward the formal necessity of coherence and structure« (Holcombe, 2013). The extract I have decided to focus on dramatises the onset of Jason's speech impediment and acts as a »high emotional intensity passage« (Toolan, 2012) within the structure of the coming-of-age narrative. A close stylistic reading of this particular text highlights the juxtaposition of Jason's pathological speechlessness and his bustling, bubbling inner monologue. This opposition elicits a physical reaction within the reader, caught between frustration and delectation. I would argue that the multimodal nature of the extract generates what Pierre-Louis Patoine has called a »somesthetic« effect on the reader (Patoine, 2016). Stuttering, according to Professor Mark Onslow, is »an idiosyncratic disorder.« (Onslow, 2017). Word avoidance has led Jason to create his own grammar and lexicon: his youthful voice and palliative strategies allow Mitchell to smuggle in moments of »accidental« poetry. The cognitive exploration of Jason's stammer stands both at the core of the reader's response and at the centre of Mitchell's powerful poetics-and it is, last but not least, devastatingly funny.


1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Clifford N. Matthews ◽  
Rose A. Pesce-Rodriguez ◽  
Shirley A. Liebman

AbstractHydrogen cyanide polymers – heterogeneous solids ranging in color from yellow to orange to brown to black – may be among the organic macromolecules most readily formed within the Solar System. The non-volatile black crust of comet Halley, for example, as well as the extensive orangebrown streaks in the atmosphere of Jupiter, might consist largely of such polymers synthesized from HCN formed by photolysis of methane and ammonia, the color observed depending on the concentration of HCN involved. Laboratory studies of these ubiquitous compounds point to the presence of polyamidine structures synthesized directly from hydrogen cyanide. These would be converted by water to polypeptides which can be further hydrolyzed to α-amino acids. Black polymers and multimers with conjugated ladder structures derived from HCN could also be formed and might well be the source of the many nitrogen heterocycles, adenine included, observed after pyrolysis. The dark brown color arising from the impacts of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter might therefore be mainly caused by the presence of HCN polymers, whether originally present, deposited by the impactor or synthesized directly from HCN. Spectroscopic detection of these predicted macromolecules and their hydrolytic and pyrolytic by-products would strengthen significantly the hypothesis that cyanide polymerization is a preferred pathway for prebiotic and extraterrestrial chemistry.


2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Moreau ◽  
Francis Ranger ◽  
Emilie Boucher ◽  
Isabelle Gingras ◽  
Richard Koestner ◽  
...  

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