Repressing with Social Assistance

This chapter shows how the distribution of Dibao to targeted populations enables repression—a concept the author calls repressive assistance, which she situates in the literature on repression and welfare. Dibao occurs in the context of re-education and facilitates repression by increasing interactions between the regime and the targets of repression, strengthening surveillance and trapping targets in relationships of obligation and dependence. Using data from a nationally representative survey and news announcements related to Dibao provision, this chapter shows that repressive assistance may not decrease contentious activity on average among targeted populations. However, repressive assistance is effective in deterring specific activities for individuals when they are closely managed and monitored and erases the delineation between repression and concessions.

Does Interviewer Religious Dress Affect Survey Responses? Evidence from Morocco

Politics and Religion ◽

10.1017/s1755048314000455 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 734-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Lindsay J. Benstead

Keyword(s):

Missing Data ◽

Social Dynamics ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Sensitive Questions ◽

Interviewer Effects ◽

And Gender ◽

Using Data ◽

Religious Dress ◽

Survey Responses

AbstractFew studies examine religiosity-of-interviewer effects, despite recent expansion of surveying in the Muslim world. Using data from a nationally-representative survey of 800 Moroccans conducted in 2007, this study investigates whether and why interviewer religiosity and gender affect responses to religiously-sensitive questions. Interviewer dress affects responses to four of six items, but effects are larger and more consistent for religious respondents, in support of power relations theory. Religious Moroccans provide less pious responses to secular-appearing interviewers, whom they may link to the secular state, and more religious answers to interviewers wearing hijab, in order to safeguard their reputation in a society that values piety. Interviewer traits do not affect the probability of item-missing data. Religiosity-of-interviewer effects depend on interviewer gender for questions about dress choice, a gendered issue closely related to interviewer dress. Interviewer gender and dress should be coded and controlled for to reduce bias and better understand social dynamics.

Determinants of imbalanced sex ratio at birth in Nepal: evidence from secondary analysis of a large hospital-based study and nationally-representative survey data

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e023021

Author(s):

Elina Pradhan ◽

Erin Pearson ◽

Mahesh Puri ◽

Manju Maharjan ◽

Dev Chandra Maharjan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Controlled Trial ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Large Hospital ◽

Selective Abortion ◽

Second Child ◽

Sex Selective Abortion ◽

Using Data ◽

Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesTo quantify sex ratios at births (SRBs) in hospital deliveries in Nepal, and understand the socio-demographic correlates of skewed SRB. Skewed SRBs in hospitals could be explained by sex selective abortion, and/or by decision to have a son delivered in a hospital—increased in -utero investments for male fetus. We use data on ultrasound use to quantify links between prenatal knowledge of sex, parity and skewed SRBs.DesignSecondary analysis of: (1) de-identified data from a randomised controlled trial, and (2) 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS).SettingNepal.Participants(1) 75 428 women who gave birth in study hospitals, (2) NDHS: 12 674 women aged 15–49 years.Outcome measuresSRB, and conditional SRB of a second child given first born male or female were calculated.ResultsUsing data from 75 428 women who gave birth in six tertiary hospitals in Nepal between September 2015 and March 2017, we report skewed SRBs in these hospitals, with some hospitals registering deliveries of 121 male births per 100 female births. We find that a nationally representative survey (2011 NDHS) reveals no difference in the number of hospital delivery of male and female babies. Additionally, we find that: (1) estimated SRB of second-order births conditional on the first being a girl is significantly higher than the biological SRB in our study and (2) multiparous women are more likely to have prenatal knowledge of the sex of their fetus and to have male births than primiparous women with the differences increasing with increasing levels of education.ConclusionsOur analysis supports sex-selective abortion as the dominant cause of skewed SRBs in study hospitals. Comprehensive national policies that not only plan and enforce regulations against gender-biased abortions and, but also ameliorate the marginalised status of women in Nepal are urgently required to change this alarming manifestation of son preference.Trial registration numberNCT02718222.

Ready-to-drink beverage (RTD) consumption in Thai population: trend and associated factors

10.1101/2021.01.22.21250292 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Udomsak Saengow ◽

Ruttiya Asksonthong ◽

Apinya Laohaprapanon

Keyword(s):

Drinking Behavior ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Reliable Estimate ◽

List Type ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Thai Population ◽

Middle Income ◽

Using Data ◽

Drinking Frequency

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine ready-to-drink beverage (RTD) consumption and to investigate the effects of gender and age on RTD consumption by using data 2011 and 2014 waves of a national alcohol survey.DesignAnalysis of data from Smoking and Drinking Behavior Survey (SADBeS) 2011 and 2014, a nationally representative survey.SettingThailandParticipants177,350 (2011 survey) and 25,758 (2014 survey) samples of Thais aged 15 years or older who were randomly selected using multistage-sampling technique.Primary outcomeRTD consumption in past 12 months (yes/no) as stated by survey participantsResultsThe prevalence of RTD drinkers increased from 0.5% (95% CI, 0.5-0.5%) in 2011 to 2.4% (95% CI, 2.1-2.6%) in 2014. Female drinkers were 5.1 (95% CI, 4.1-6.4) times more likely to consume RTDs than male drinkers. The likelihood of drinking RTDs decreased with age. Drinking initiation before the legal purchasing age (20 years old) was associated with 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1-1.9) times likelihood of RTDs consumption.ConclusionsA substantial increase in RTD consumption was observed in Thailand, a middle-income country, during 2011-2014. The consumption was notable in youths and females. Given that RTDs have been introduced into the Thai market relatively recently, this may be a part of the alcohol industry strategies to boost their sales in middle-income countries. Growth in RTD consumption could pose a challenge for health authorities to control alcohol-related harms in the future especially among youths and females.Article SummaryStrengths and limitations of this studyA reliable estimate of prevalence of RTD consumption was obtained by using data from two waves of a large national representative survey.The lack of information about pattern of RTD consumption including quantity and drinking frequency limited further analysis.FundingThis work was supported by the Center for Alcohol Studies, Thailand, grant number 62-02029-0043.Competing interests statementNone declared.

Discrimination in healthcare as a barrier to care: experiences of socially disadvantaged populations in France from a nationally representative survey

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-8124-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joshua G. Rivenbark ◽

Mathieu Ichou

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Setting ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Group Status ◽

Healthcare Settings ◽

Socially Disadvantaged ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Abstract Background People in socially disadvantaged groups face a myriad of challenges to their health. Discrimination, based on group status such as gender, immigration generation, race/ethnicity, or religion, are a well-documented health challenge. However, less is known about experiences of discrimination specifically within healthcare settings, and how it may act as a barrier to healthcare. Methods Using data from a nationally representative survey of France (N = 21,761) with an oversample of immigrants, we examine rates of reported discrimination in healthcare settings, rates of foregoing healthcare, and whether discrimination could explain disparities in foregoing care across social groups. Results Rates of both reporting discrimination within healthcare and reporting foregone care in the past 12 months were generally highest among women, immigrants from Africa or Overseas France, and Muslims. For all of these groups, experiences of discrimination potentially explained significant proportions of their disparity in foregone care (Percent disparity in foregone care explained for: women = 17%, second-generation immigrants = 8%, Overseas France = 13%, North Africa = 22%, Sub-Saharan Africa = 32%, Muslims = 26%). Rates of foregone care were also higher for those of mixed origin and people who reported “Other Religion”, but foregone healthcare was not associated with discrimination for those groups. Conclusions Experiences of discrimination within the healthcare setting may present a barrier to healthcare for people that are socially disadvantaged due to gender, immigration, race/ethnicity, or religion. Researchers and policymakers should consider barriers to healthcare that lie within the healthcare experience itself as potential intervention targets.

INVASIVE YET INEVITABLE? PRIVACY NORMALIZATION TRENDS IN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY

AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research ◽

10.5210/spir.v2020i0.11300 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sejin Paik ◽

Kate K. Mays ◽

Rebecca F. Giovannetti ◽

James E. Katz

Keyword(s):

Technology Acceptance ◽

Critical Role ◽

Emerging Technology ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Public Officials ◽

Private Companies ◽

Individual Level ◽

Dna Collection ◽

In the last few years, smart security and physical identification technologies have grown exponentially; people are increasingly installing smart video devices to monitor their homes and buying DNA kits to collect and analyze their genetics. As the number of users and profits of these businesses increase, so too does the potential for privacy violations and exploitation. To explore these dynamics of privacy in emerging technology, we conducted a U.S. nationally representative survey (N=1,587) and asked respondents for their perceptions of a number of emerging technologies such as facial recognition, DNA collection and biometrics monitoring. We also measured individual-level traits that have been found to influence technology acceptance. The results show that the actor wielding the technology matters for people’s acceptance. Respondents were overall more comfortable with public officials and airlines using more invasive technologies to guarantee people’s safety, as compared to private companies or non-profits using data for research. When keeping the actor constant across privacy technologies, there was an overwhelming preference for less invasive means of privacy data sharing. These findings indicate how the concept of normalization, social context and agents of control play a critical role in the way people accept emerging technology into their lives.

DETERMINANTS AND BARRIERS TO FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN MYANMAR: WHAT DETERMINES ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES AND WHAT HINDERS IT?

The Singapore Economic Review ◽

10.1142/s0217590818410011 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (01) ◽

pp. 9-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

KANITTHA TAMBUNLERTCHAI

Keyword(s):

Financial Literacy ◽

Financial Services ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

Literacy Programs ◽

Policy Recommendations ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Using Data ◽

Data Analysis Methods

This paper examines two aspects of financial inclusion in the context of Myanmar. First, it examines the factors that determine access to formal savings products. Second, it looks at what the barriers to saving are. Using data from a nationally representative survey of 5100 individuals, the paper applies econometric estimation and qualitative data analysis methods to provide answers to these questions. Findings show a low level of saving in Myanmar, and that formal savings increase with income, education, and keeping a budget, among other factors. Policy recommendations include the design of financial literacy programs that are suitable to the Myanmar context, and providing access to financial services.

VARIATION IN BIOLOGICAL RISK AMONG OLDER COLOMBIANS BY AGE, GENDER, AND EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.2903 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S788-S788

Author(s):

Jennifer A Ailshire ◽

Margarita Osuna

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

High Risk ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Total Risk ◽

Biological Risk ◽

Cut Points ◽

Abstract Recent rapid aging in Colombia raises questions about the health status of older adults, but there has been very little research in this population. This study examines variation in biological risk by age, gender, and educational attainment using data from the 2015 SABE-Colombia, a nationally representative survey of Colombians ages 60 and older. Levels of cholesterol (total, HDL, and LDL), triglycerides, glucose, and hemoglobin were measured from whole blood and clinical cut-points were used to determine high-risk on each indicator. The five metabolic indicators were summed to create a total risk score; 58% of older adults had a score of 1 or more. Those ages 80 and older and women had lower risk, as did those with at least primary education. These patterns were also observed for high-risk on hemoglobin (13% prevalence), an indicator of anemia. Most older Colombians have some biological risk, but this varies by key subgroups.

The Sources of Anti-Muslim Prejudice in Poland

East European Politics and Societies and Cultures ◽

10.1177/0888325417752250 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 796-817

Author(s):

Ewa Golebiowska

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Economic Insecurity ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Negative Stereotypes ◽

Interpersonal Contact ◽

Using Data ◽

The One

Using data from a nationally representative survey of Poles, the principal question I examine is whether anti-Muslim prejudice in Poland primarily stems from negative stereotypes of Muslims, a general discomfort with difference (or ethnocentrism), or threats related to economic insecurity. I also seek to determine whether interpersonal contact with Muslims dilutes prejudice toward Muslims as a group and investigate how the links between stereotyping and ethnocentrism on the one hand and anti-Muslim prejudice on the other depend on respondents’ education. While I find that anti-Muslim prejudice is shaped by negative stereotypes of Muslims and pessimistic perceptions of Poland’s economy, it primarily reflects a more general discomfort with difference. As expected, the strength of the link between stereotypes of Muslims and prejudice toward them depends on how educated Poles are.

Balancing care and work roles among women working in the informal sector in South Africa

International Journal of Care and Caring ◽

10.1332/239788220x15984634358661 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zitha Mokomane

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Informal Sector ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Formal Sector ◽

Research Gap ◽

Work Family ◽

Using Data ◽

Context Specific

Despite the prevalence of the informal sector in many developing countries, the care challenges of workers in this sector remain largely unexplored. This article contributes to closing this research gap by exploring the work–family fit of women working in the informal sector in South Africa using data from a nationally representative survey. The results reveal that like their formal sector counterparts, women working in the informal sector have poor work–family fit and hence require similar support and attention. The article highlights the underlying factors and concludes by underscoring the need for context-specific policies and further research.

Who are Non-Resident Fathers?: A British Socio-Demographic Profile

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s0047279415000653 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 223-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

ELOISE POOLE ◽

SVETLANA SPEIGHT ◽

MARGARET O’BRIEN ◽

SARA CONNOLLY ◽

MATTHEW ALDRICH

Keyword(s):

Latent Class ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Representative Survey ◽

Dependent Child ◽

Demographic Profile ◽

International Growth ◽

Using Data ◽

The Uk ◽

Family Behaviour

AbstractDespite international growth of, and policy interest in, divorce and separation since the 1970s, there is still surprisingly little known about non-residential fatherhood. This paper presents a ‘father-centric’ analysis and provides one of the first profiles of non-residential fatherhood in early millennium UK. Using data from Understanding Society Wave 1, a nationally representative survey of over 30,000 households in the UK, we found 1,070 men self-identifying as having a non-resident child under 16 years old (https://www.understandingsociety.ac.uk). We estimate a prevalence of 5 per cent of British men having a non-resident dependent child. Through latent class analysis, four distinct groups of non-resident fathers are identified: ‘Engaged’ fathers, ‘Less Engaged’ fathers, ‘Disengaged’ fathers and ‘Distance’ fathers. Our analysis finds that non-resident fathers form a heterogeneous group in terms of their socio-demographic profile and family behaviour. It is recommended that legislation and policy concerning fathers in post-separation families are sensitive to variation as well as commonality in socio-economic conditions and family lives and situations.