INVASIVE YET INEVITABLE? PRIVACY NORMALIZATION TRENDS IN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sejin Paik ◽  
Kate K. Mays ◽  
Rebecca F. Giovannetti ◽  
James E. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Dna Collection ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

In the last few years, smart security and physical identification technologies have grown exponentially; people are increasingly installing smart video devices to monitor their homes and buying DNA kits to collect and analyze their genetics. As the number of users and profits of these businesses increase, so too does the potential for privacy violations and exploitation. To explore these dynamics of privacy in emerging technology, we conducted a U.S. nationally representative survey (N=1,587) and asked respondents for their perceptions of a number of emerging technologies such as facial recognition, DNA collection and biometrics monitoring. We also measured individual-level traits that have been found to influence technology acceptance. The results show that the actor wielding the technology matters for people’s acceptance. Respondents were overall more comfortable with public officials and airlines using more invasive technologies to guarantee people’s safety, as compared to private companies or non-profits using data for research. When keeping the actor constant across privacy technologies, there was an overwhelming preference for less invasive means of privacy data sharing. These findings indicate how the concept of normalization, social context and agents of control play a critical role in the way people accept emerging technology into their lives.

Workplace “Digital Culture” and the Uptake of Digital Solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 368-402
Author(s):  
Simeon J. Yates ◽  
Eleanor Lockley
Keyword(s):  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Company Culture ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

This chapter reviews prior work on technology acceptance and then reports on a nationally representative survey of UK employees exploring both employee’s personal experiences of digital technologies at home and work and their evaluations of the effectiveness of the technologies and the “digital culture” in their organization. Presenting the results of 3040 UK workers, it seeks to explore the factors that influence digital roll-outs by focusing on the experiences and perceptions of the UK workforce as a whole, with the expectation that introducing new technology alone isn’t enough. This research explores how “digitally ready” organizations are in the UK in terms of people, processes, and company culture. It concludes that a large proportion of the UK workforce are not seeing the benefits of digital technologies. Importantly, there is a need for organizations to understand that making digital solutions a success is a process of cultural change in their organization.

Does Interviewer Religious Dress Affect Survey Responses? Evidence from Morocco

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay J. Benstead
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Sensitive Questions ◽  
Interviewer Effects ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Religious Dress ◽  
Survey Responses

AbstractFew studies examine religiosity-of-interviewer effects, despite recent expansion of surveying in the Muslim world. Using data from a nationally-representative survey of 800 Moroccans conducted in 2007, this study investigates whether and why interviewer religiosity and gender affect responses to religiously-sensitive questions. Interviewer dress affects responses to four of six items, but effects are larger and more consistent for religious respondents, in support of power relations theory. Religious Moroccans provide less pious responses to secular-appearing interviewers, whom they may link to the secular state, and more religious answers to interviewers wearing hijab, in order to safeguard their reputation in a society that values piety. Interviewer traits do not affect the probability of item-missing data. Religiosity-of-interviewer effects depend on interviewer gender for questions about dress choice, a gendered issue closely related to interviewer dress. Interviewer gender and dress should be coded and controlled for to reduce bias and better understand social dynamics.

Repressing with Social Assistance

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-138
Author(s):  
Jennifer Pan
Keyword(s):  
Social Assistance ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
News Announcements ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

This chapter shows how the distribution of Dibao to targeted populations enables repression—a concept the author calls repressive assistance, which she situates in the literature on repression and welfare. Dibao occurs in the context of re-education and facilitates repression by increasing interactions between the regime and the targets of repression, strengthening surveillance and trapping targets in relationships of obligation and dependence. Using data from a nationally representative survey and news announcements related to Dibao provision, this chapter shows that repressive assistance may not decrease contentious activity on average among targeted populations. However, repressive assistance is effective in deterring specific activities for individuals when they are closely managed and monitored and erases the delineation between repression and concessions.

scholarly journals Determinants of imbalanced sex ratio at birth in Nepal: evidence from secondary analysis of a large hospital-based study and nationally-representative survey data

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e023021
Author(s):  
Elina Pradhan ◽  
Erin Pearson ◽  
Mahesh Puri ◽  
Manju Maharjan ◽  
Dev Chandra Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Large Hospital ◽  
Selective Abortion ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Sex Selective Abortion ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesTo quantify sex ratios at births (SRBs) in hospital deliveries in Nepal, and understand the socio-demographic correlates of skewed SRB. Skewed SRBs in hospitals could be explained by sex selective abortion, and/or by decision to have a son delivered in a hospital—increased in -utero investments for male fetus. We use data on ultrasound use to quantify links between prenatal knowledge of sex, parity and skewed SRBs.DesignSecondary analysis of: (1) de-identified data from a randomised controlled trial, and (2) 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS).SettingNepal.Participants(1) 75 428 women who gave birth in study hospitals, (2) NDHS: 12 674 women aged 15–49 years.Outcome measuresSRB, and conditional SRB of a second child given first born male or female were calculated.ResultsUsing data from 75 428 women who gave birth in six tertiary hospitals in Nepal between September 2015 and March 2017, we report skewed SRBs in these hospitals, with some hospitals registering deliveries of 121 male births per 100 female births. We find that a nationally representative survey (2011 NDHS) reveals no difference in the number of hospital delivery of male and female babies. Additionally, we find that: (1) estimated SRB of second-order births conditional on the first being a girl is significantly higher than the biological SRB in our study and (2) multiparous women are more likely to have prenatal knowledge of the sex of their fetus and to have male births than primiparous women with the differences increasing with increasing levels of education.ConclusionsOur analysis supports sex-selective abortion as the dominant cause of skewed SRBs in study hospitals. Comprehensive national policies that not only plan and enforce regulations against gender-biased abortions and, but also ameliorate the marginalised status of women in Nepal are urgently required to change this alarming manifestation of son preference.Trial registration numberNCT02718222.

scholarly journals Ready-to-drink beverage (RTD) consumption in Thai population: trend and associated factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udomsak Saengow ◽  
Ruttiya Asksonthong ◽  
Apinya Laohaprapanon
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
List Type ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Drinking Frequency

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo examine ready-to-drink beverage (RTD) consumption and to investigate the effects of gender and age on RTD consumption by using data 2011 and 2014 waves of a national alcohol survey.DesignAnalysis of data from Smoking and Drinking Behavior Survey (SADBeS) 2011 and 2014, a nationally representative survey.SettingThailandParticipants177,350 (2011 survey) and 25,758 (2014 survey) samples of Thais aged 15 years or older who were randomly selected using multistage-sampling technique.Primary outcomeRTD consumption in past 12 months (yes/no) as stated by survey participantsResultsThe prevalence of RTD drinkers increased from 0.5% (95% CI, 0.5-0.5%) in 2011 to 2.4% (95% CI, 2.1-2.6%) in 2014. Female drinkers were 5.1 (95% CI, 4.1-6.4) times more likely to consume RTDs than male drinkers. The likelihood of drinking RTDs decreased with age. Drinking initiation before the legal purchasing age (20 years old) was associated with 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1-1.9) times likelihood of RTDs consumption.ConclusionsA substantial increase in RTD consumption was observed in Thailand, a middle-income country, during 2011-2014. The consumption was notable in youths and females. Given that RTDs have been introduced into the Thai market relatively recently, this may be a part of the alcohol industry strategies to boost their sales in middle-income countries. Growth in RTD consumption could pose a challenge for health authorities to control alcohol-related harms in the future especially among youths and females.Article SummaryStrengths and limitations of this studyA reliable estimate of prevalence of RTD consumption was obtained by using data from two waves of a large national representative survey.The lack of information about pattern of RTD consumption including quantity and drinking frequency limited further analysis.FundingThis work was supported by the Center for Alcohol Studies, Thailand, grant number 62-02029-0043.Competing interests statementNone declared.

scholarly journals Discrimination in healthcare as a barrier to care: experiences of socially disadvantaged populations in France from a nationally representative survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua G. Rivenbark ◽  
Mathieu Ichou
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Socially Disadvantaged ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background People in socially disadvantaged groups face a myriad of challenges to their health. Discrimination, based on group status such as gender, immigration generation, race/ethnicity, or religion, are a well-documented health challenge. However, less is known about experiences of discrimination specifically within healthcare settings, and how it may act as a barrier to healthcare. Methods Using data from a nationally representative survey of France (N = 21,761) with an oversample of immigrants, we examine rates of reported discrimination in healthcare settings, rates of foregoing healthcare, and whether discrimination could explain disparities in foregoing care across social groups. Results Rates of both reporting discrimination within healthcare and reporting foregone care in the past 12 months were generally highest among women, immigrants from Africa or Overseas France, and Muslims. For all of these groups, experiences of discrimination potentially explained significant proportions of their disparity in foregone care (Percent disparity in foregone care explained for: women = 17%, second-generation immigrants = 8%, Overseas France = 13%, North Africa = 22%, Sub-Saharan Africa = 32%, Muslims = 26%). Rates of foregone care were also higher for those of mixed origin and people who reported “Other Religion”, but foregone healthcare was not associated with discrimination for those groups. Conclusions Experiences of discrimination within the healthcare setting may present a barrier to healthcare for people that are socially disadvantaged due to gender, immigration, race/ethnicity, or religion. Researchers and policymakers should consider barriers to healthcare that lie within the healthcare experience itself as potential intervention targets.

scholarly journals The poverty trap: Leveling the playing field for young people

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azeema Faizunnissa
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Transitions To Adulthood ◽  
Marriage Patterns ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact

Family plays a critical role in young people’s lives and is key in determining the conditions under which young people make important transitions to adulthood. This brief examines the impact of family-level poverty on the educational attainment, economic activity, and marriage patterns of Pakistani youth, and shows how strongly socioeconomic status shapes the lives of future generations. More young people aged 15–24 live in Pakistan now than at any other time in its history—an estimated 36 million in 2004. Recognizing the dearth of information on the situation of this large group of young people, the Population Council undertook a nationally representative survey from October 2001 to March 2002. The analysis presented in this brief comes from Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan 2001–02: A Nationally Representative Survey—the largest such survey focusing on young people. The survey sought information from youth aged 15–24, responsible adults in the household, and other community members in 254 communities. A total of 6,585 households were visited and 8,074 young people were interviewed.

scholarly journals Discrimination starts at home: A brief on parents' aspirations for adolescents and youth in Pakistan

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhaj ul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Population Council ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Transition Into Adulthood ◽  
Nationally Representative

Parents play a critical role in socializing their children and passing on essential information and life skills. The attitudes of parents help determine what young boys and girls do in life, and how they utilize opportunities and develop the skills necessary to make a comfortable transition into adulthood. This brief is based on interviews with Pakistani parents and describes their aspirations, which are likely to influence the lives of young people. More young people aged 15–24 live in Pakistan now than at any other time in its history—an estimated 36 million in 2004. Recognizing the dearth of information on the situation of this large group of young people, the Population Council undertook a nationally representative survey from October 2001 to March 2002. The analysis presented here comes from Adolescents and Youth in Pakistan 2001–02: A Nationally Representative Survey. The survey sought information from youth aged 15–24, responsible adults in the household, and other community members in 254 communities. A total of 6,585 households were visited and 8,074 young people were interviewed.

scholarly journals Predictors of HIV/AIDS Programming in African American Churches: Implications for HIV Prevention, Testing, and Care

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Stewart ◽  
Alexandra Hanlon ◽  
Bridgette M. Brawner
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
African American Churches ◽  
Aids Program ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
American Churches ◽  
Hiv Aids

Using data from the National Congregational Study, we examined predictors of having an HIV/AIDS program in predominately African American churches across the United States. We conducted regression analyses of Wave II data ( N = 1,506) isolating the sample to churches with a predominately African American membership. The dependent variable asked whether or not the congregation currently had any program focused on HIV or AIDS. Independent variables included several variables from the individual, organizational, and social levels. Our study revealed that region, clergy age, congregant disclosure of HIV-positive status, permitting cohabiting couples to be members, sponsorship or participation in programs targeted to physical health issues, and having a designated person or committee to address health-focused programs significantly increased the likelihood of African American churches having an HIV/AIDS program. A paucity of nationally representative research focuses on the social-, organizational-, and individual-level predictors of having HIV/AIDS programs in African American churches. Determining the characteristics of churches with HIV/AIDS programming at multiple levels is a critical and necessary approach with significant implications for partnering with African American churches in HIV or AIDS initiatives.

Anatomy of audience duplication networks: How individual characteristics differentially contribute to fragmentation in news consumption and trust

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482199155
Author(s):  
Yilang Peng ◽  
Tian Yang
Keyword(s):  
Media Exposure ◽  
Selective Exposure ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Audience Fragmentation ◽  
Media Trust ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Individual

While partisan selective exposure could drive audience fragmentation, other individual factors might also differentiate news diets. This study applies a method that disentangles the differential contributions of the individual characteristics to audience duplication networks. By analyzing a nationally representative survey about US adults’ media use in 2019 ( N = 12,043), we demonstrate that news fragmentation is driven by a myriad of individual factors, such as gender, race, and religiosity. Partisanship is still an important driver. We also distinguish between media exposure and media trust, showing that many cross-cutting ties in co-exposure networks disappear when media trust is considered. We conclude that audience fragmentation research should extend beyond ideological selectivity and additionally investigate how and why other individual-level preferences differentially contribute to fragmentation both in news exposure and in news trust.

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