State, Settlement, Texts

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-94
Author(s):  
Jyoti Gulati Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Central Plains

The consolidation of the Gujarat Sultanate went hand in hand with the flourishing of a number of old and new Muslim settlements in the central plains of eastern Gujarat where several migrant Sufis established their residences (khānqāhs). This chapter takes a close look at two texts that centred around the life and teachings of the Maghribi Sufi Aḥmad Khattū (d.1445), the Tuḥfat al-majālis and Mirqāt al-wusūl ila Allah wa al-Rasūl, compiled by his disciples in the suburbs of Ahmedabad in Sarkhej. Together, these texts comprised the first narrative moment in the long-term articulation of the Muslim past in Gujarat. They created historical memory around Aḥmad Khattū presenting him, through varied narrative strategies, as the pivot around which the Muslim community led by the Gujarat Sultans began to flourish.

The Future of Muslim Education in the United States: An Agenda for Research

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 46-82
Author(s):  
Fathi Malkawi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Education ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Future ◽  
Muslim Education ◽  
Future Plans

This paper addresses some of the Muslim community’s concerns regarding its children’s education and reflects upon how education has shaped the position of other communities in American history. It argues that the future of Muslim education will be influenced directly by the present realities and future trends within American education in general, and, more importantly, by the well-calculated and informed short-term and long-term decisions and future plans taken by the Muslim community. The paper identifies some areas in which a wellestablished knowledge base is critical to making decisions, and calls for serious research to be undertaken to furnish this base.

A day of unfinished mourning: Historicizing commemorative practices of Bleiburg among the Croatian diaspora in Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1096
Author(s):  
Nikolina Židek
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Community History ◽  
Memory Practices ◽  
Second World

The Croatian post-Second World War diaspora in Argentina developed a specific identity due to the historical context of its exile (the war defeat of the Nazi-aligned Independent State of Croatia, the postwar killings of the defeated troops and the civilians at Bleiburg, Austria, with subsequent death marches in 1945—commonly referred to as “Bleiburg,” and the eventual forced migration) that served as a baseline of its identity across generations. While in Communist Yugoslavia Bleiburg was practically a taboo, the efforts to preserve its memory were carried out by the Croatian political exiles in Argentina as of 1947. This article explores historical memory practices of Bleiburg among the Croatian diaspora in Argentina. Based on an analysis of written, photographic, and audiovisual material, as well as personal testimonies, the study identifies five major periods of memory of the Croatian diaspora in Argentina from 1947 until today. The results of the study show a tendency of double and cumulative victimization: while the first generation was framed as victims of the postwar killings and exile, the post-memory generation also perceives itself as long-term victims of Tito’s Yugoslavia because of being born in Argentina. There is an intergenerational transmission of memory throughout the described five periods, and the real change of generations occurs when the survivors perish and new memory entrepreneurs take over the commemorations. The post-memory generation framed commemorations in such a way that they serve to reinforce their identity and enable them to resignify their community history, while maintaining their sense of uniqueness toward both the country where they were born and the country their grandparents were forced to leave.

scholarly journals A Medieval City Within Assyrian Walls: The Continuity of the Town of Arbīl in Northern Mesopotamia

Iraq ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Karel Nováček ◽  
Narmin Ali Muhammad Amin ◽  
Miroslav Melčák
Keyword(s):  
Urban Structure ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Provincial Capital ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Modern Building

This study presents a first attempt at an archaeological topography of the city of Arbīl (Arbela, Urbilum, Arbail). Arbīl's large tell and citadel are among the most famous sites in northern Iraq, although research on the site has begun only recently. The study of the immediate hinterlands of the tell, complementary use of written sources, remote sensing and surveys offer a perspective on the extremely long-term evolution of the lower town, whose architectural remains have entirely disappeared under modern building development. Despite many lacunae in the data and a predominance of indirect hypotheses, the urban structure of Assyrian Arbail becomes comprehensible in the context of other Assyrian royal capitals. During the Islamic period, the city underwent a transformation, which merged the once prosperous Sasanian provincial capital with the expanding Muslim community.

The Ignored Elites: Turks, Mongols and a Persian Secretarial Class in the Early Delhi Sultanate

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNIL KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Persian Literature ◽  
Prior Service ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe consolidation of the Delhi Sultanate coincided with the Mongol devastation of Transoxiana, Iran and Afghanistan. This paper studies the Persian literature of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries invested as it was in the projection of the court of the Delhi Sultans as the ‘sanctuary of Islam’, where the Muslim community was safe from the marauding infidel Mongols. The binaries on which the qualities of the accursed Mongols and the monolithic Muslim community were framed ignored the fact that a large number of Sultanate elites and monarchs were of Turkish/Mongol ethnicity or had a history of prior service in their armed contingents. While drawing attention to the narrative strategies deployed by Sultanate chroniclers to obscure the humble frontier origins of its lords and masters, my paper also elaborates on steppe traditions and rituals prevalent in early-fourteenth-century Delhi. All of these underlined the heterogeneity of Muslim Sultanate society and politics in the capital, a complexity that the Persian litterateurs were loath to acknowledge in their records.

scholarly journals “Typical” Migrant Biographies from Sfântu Gheorghe/Sepsiszentgyörgy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Andrea Sólyom
Keyword(s):  
Local Context ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Youth Migration ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
The Town ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

The analysis on youth migration was developed in the framework of “YOUMIG – Improving institutional capacities and fostering cooperation to tackle the impacts of transnational youth migration” project. The present paper offers a picture about the “typical” biographies of young migrants. In the municipality of Sfântu Gheorghe emigration is the most important migratory trend. Among emigrants one can identify short term migrants – this type is distinctive of Roma migrants, too; long term migrants, most of them aiming to earn a living through their labour migration; while a smaller group studies and works abroad at the same time. There are also return migrants but it is hard to estimate their proportions. During our research both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The present paper is based on interviews conducted with young migrants. The present study starts with a short summary of the theoretical approaches applied during the analysis, followed by the methodology and a detailed characterization of the interviewees. The chapter presenting the local context concentrates on the demographic and economic indicators of the place of the fieldwork, then a short analysis is provided about the push and pull factors of the town based on the interviews. In order to achieve a detailed analysis three biographies were selected. Firstly, the milestones of their lives will be compared, followed by the analysis of their identitites and of their feelings toward the sending and emigrant (diaspora) communities. Secondly, their migration types and narrative strategies will be identified. Finally, the conclusions will highlight the similarities and differences revealed in the selected biographies. Keywords: migration, youth, biographies, narratives

scholarly journals Memory of the Caucasian War in Monuments on the Territory of the Republic of Adygea

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
Maryana Adamovna Malish
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic

The paper raises the problem of preserving the his-torical memory of the Caucasian War. The author examines the contribution of long-term republican target programs in the development of the region and the education of youth. It is said about the ap-pearance of traditions associated with monuments dedicated to the memory of this war in Adygea. The paper analyzes the attitude of state authorities and public organizations to the establishment of monu-ments of this type. A brief description of the monu-ments to the victims of the Caucasian War is given. It was revealed that the first initiator of their estab-lishment in the North Caucasus, in particular in Adygea, is the International Circassian Association. The role of the media in the study and dissemination of information about the monuments of the region is indicated. It is concluded that memorials testify-ing to the tragic events of the Caucasian War are symbols of historical memory and reflect the atti-tude of the people to the past.

THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF THE RUSSIA’S CITIZENS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CURRENT SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Raisa E. Barash
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
National Myth ◽  
Main Components

Analyzing the data of the long-term sociological research, the author analyses the influence of the current socio-political circumstances on the perception of historical periods and personalities by the Russia’s citizens. The author argues that despite citizens sympathize with some historical and socio-political achievements and attributes of the post-Soviet society, the Soviet period of the state’s history provides the main components of the national myth to many persons in Russia. Even the most popular present-day attributes of the national greatness, such as military successes and the annexation of Crimea, significantly concede to the achievements of the Soviet era. As it is noted under the influence of shortage of relevant examples of civil consolidation, Russians are attracted by nostalgia for the period of soviet economic stability, social order and solidarity. In the absence of a critical historical assessment and under the influence of both foreign political isolation and a fall of the living standard, many citizens used to look for the foundations of a civil community in the Soviet past, idealizing and mythologizing it.

From Inscriptions to Texts

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-62
Author(s):  
Jyoti Gulati Balachandran
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Narrative Process ◽  
Societal Experiences ◽  
Muslim Communities

This chapter notes the value of the inscriptional record in revealing a comprehensive picture of Muslim settlements in pre-fifteenth century Gujarat, and in suggesting the importance of Sufis and other learned men among those settlements. However, the dominant inscriptional mode of historical recording in pre-fifteenth century Gujarat reflects the variegated ecologies within which Muslim communities developed with distinct historical and societal experiences. The narrative process of capturing the history of the region, and of the Muslim community within it, began in the fifteenth century at the conjuncture of two processes: the formation of a new state under the Gujarat Sultans and the sanctification of the sultanate territory by Sufi preceptors, particularly Aḥmad Khattū (d. 1445). These two developments, underpinned not so much by any ruptures at the turn of the fifteenth century than the confluence of long-term historical processes, together shaped the textual articulations of the history of the Muslim community in Gujarat.

scholarly journals On the politics of fear

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-266
Author(s):  
Natalia Zajączkowska
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
Religious Extremism ◽  
Bharatiya Janata Party

Muslims, India’s largest minority group, have often found themselves excluded from the country’s mainstream political power circles. The historically constructed clash between Muslims and Hindus has been used by the members of the far right – such as the Rāṣtriya Svayaṃsevak Saṇgh (RSS) or the Viśva Hindū Pariṣada (VHP) – to present the Muslim community as outsiders and ill-intentioned others with a view to subjugating the Hindu majority. There has been a notable rise in majoritarianism since the Bhāratiya Janata Party (BJP) rose to power in 2014. Prior to the outbreak of COVID-19, many BJP and RSS members made overtly racist remarks and incited violence against the Muslim community. The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have exacerbated this religious polarisation that has been gradually intensifying since Narendra Modi (BJP) won a landslide re-election victory in May 2019. Fears surrounding the pandemic have rapidly fuelled societal divisions, as well as hyper-nationalism and religious extremism targeted at Indian Muslims. A tarnished social fabric would have obvious long-term ramifications, specifically relating to stigmatisation, stereotyping and violent attacks. In this paper, the author will attempt to examine the role of BJP politicians in stoking Islamophobia. The author will address the question of whether the COVID-19 pandemic has been politicised against the Muslim minority. Are politicians primarily responsible for stoking intercommunal fear and hatred? What roles have state actors played in fomenting sectarian discord during COVID-19? This article tackles these and other salient questions pertaining to the politicisation of the coronavirus outbreak and mounting hate speech authorised by the ruling party in India. The article concludes by suggesting that Hindutva-driven Islamophobia, supported by the BJP government, may have permeated the Hindu mainstream but cautions that this claim still needs empirical validation. This article informs readers of the specific process of Islamophobic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic which remains a largely understudied phenomenon in India. My interpretation is partially based on spending two months doing fieldwork, mainly in New Delhi, in February and March 2020 during the coronavirus outbreak.

Transatlantic Caribbean

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Black Atlantic ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean

»Transatlantic Caribbean« widens the scope of research on the Caribbean by focusing on its transatlantic interrelations with North America, Latin America, Europe and Africa and by investigating long-term exchanges of people, practices and ideas. Based on innovative approaches and rich empirical research from anthropology, history and literary studies the contributions discuss border crossings, south-south relations and diasporas in the areas of popular culture, religion, historical memory as well as national and transnational social and political movements. These perspectives enrich the theoretical debates on transatlantic dialogues and the Black Atlantic and emphasize the Caribbean's central place in the world.

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