scholarly journals Memory of the Caucasian War in Monuments on the Territory of the Republic of Adygea

Author(s):  
Maryana Adamovna Malish

The paper raises the problem of preserving the his-torical memory of the Caucasian War. The author examines the contribution of long-term republican target programs in the development of the region and the education of youth. It is said about the ap-pearance of traditions associated with monuments dedicated to the memory of this war in Adygea. The paper analyzes the attitude of state authorities and public organizations to the establishment of monu-ments of this type. A brief description of the monu-ments to the victims of the Caucasian War is given. It was revealed that the first initiator of their estab-lishment in the North Caucasus, in particular in Adygea, is the International Circassian Association. The role of the media in the study and dissemination of information about the monuments of the region is indicated. It is concluded that memorials testify-ing to the tragic events of the Caucasian War are symbols of historical memory and reflect the atti-tude of the people to the past.

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
А.К. Амирханова

Цели исследования состоят в том, чтобы установить происхождение обычая стрельбы из огнестрельного оружия на свадьбах у народов Дагестана, определить его состояние в настоящее время и степень связи между историческими и современными характеристиками явления. Источниками послужили результаты научных изысканий российских этнографов и сообщения из современных российских средств массовой информации. Выявлено, что в прошлом стрельба на свадьбе рассматривалась как оберег от злых сил, придавала торжеству эмоциональный колорит. Домусульманский обычай сохранил актуальность и после утверждения ислама. Установлено отсутствие связи между стрельбой на современных свадьбах и традициями, имевшими место у народов Дагестана в прошлом. Общество признает факты утраты первоначального обрядового смысла стрельбы на свадьбах и придания ей развлекательной функции. Среди населения в основном наблюдается осознание нежелательности «экспорта» обычая стрельбы за пределы Дагестана или Северного Кавказа. The study aims to establish the origin of the custom of shooting firearms at weddings among the peoples of Dagestan, to determine the state of this custom at present, and to establish the degree of connection between the historical and modern characteristics of the phenomenon. The materials were the results of research by Russian ethnographers, who studied the traditional culture of the peoples of Dagestan, as well as reports from modern Russian media. When working on the study, the author adhered to a complex methodological scheme, which is based on a combination of methods of evolutionary, functional and structural analysis used in the study of ethnographic facts. It has been established that, even before the advent of firearms, sharp loud sounds were used during wedding ceremonies to protect newlyweds from evil forces. For example, participants in celebrations, using a variety of objects, made a special noise during the transfer of the bride. With the advent of firearms, the peoples of Dagestan began to use them in protecting wedding rituals which could have their own specific meaning for different peoples. It has been revealed that the studied custom, based on pre-Muslim beliefs, turned out to be stable enough to remain relevant even after the establishment of Islam. The functions of shooting at modern Dagestan weddings have been investigated. Numerous reports from the media about cases of the use of firearms during the movement of wedding corteges, including outside Dagestan (in Moscow, Stavropol), have been given. The author pays considerable attention to the negative reaction of society, which condemns the dangerous entertainment of modern youth at weddings, and notes the facts of criminal prosecution of persons who committed such offenses. In recent years, shooting at weddings is often replaced by the use of pyrotechnic devices. The author concludes that the role of firearms in traditional wedding celebrations among the peoples of Dagestan was initially associated mainly with imitative magic rituals. Currently, there is an almost complete lack of connection between the traditions that took place among the peoples of Dagestan in the past and the shooting at modern weddings. Reacting to shooting at modern weddings, the public acknowledges the loss of its original ritual meaning, characterizes it as entertainment or a manifestation of recklessness. People are generally aware of the undesirability of “exporting” the custom of shooting outside Dagestan or the North Caucasus.


Author(s):  
K.R. DZALAEVA ◽  
К.Р. ДЗАЛАЕВА

Исследование выполнено в рамках Программы фундаментальных научных исследований Президиума РАН «Историческая память и российская идентичность» Представленные документы характеризуют причины и условия возникновения Рус- ского драматического театра во Владикавказе во второй половине XIX в. Материалы фондов Центрального государственного архива РСО-А и Научного архива СОИГСИ, под- твержденные сведениями театральной хроники местной периодической печати, раскры- вают неизвестные страницы истории Русского театра, связанные с его возникновением, финансово-организационными и кадровыми вопросами, строительством и архитектур- ным обликом театрального здания в разные периоды времени. Особое внимание уделяется роли Русского театра в формировании городской общественно-культурной среды Север- ного Кавказа. The presented documents characterize the reasons and conditions for the emergence of the Russian Drama Theater in Vladikavkaz in the second half of the XIXth century. The materials of the funds of the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and the Scientific Archive of North Ossetian Institute for Humanitarial and Social Studies, confirmed by the information of the theatrical chronicles of the local periodical press, reveal unknown pages of the history of the Russian Theater, connected with its appearance, its financial and organizational and personnel issues, construction and architectural decision of the theater building at different times. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Russian Theater in the formation of the urban social and cultural environment of the North Caucasus.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
T. N. Litvinova

Introduction. The article is devoted to territorial interethnic disputes in the North Caucasus of the Russian Federation, both “frozen” and ongoing, and their impact on regional political processes.Materials and methods. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the study are the concept of ethnic boundaries and social distance by F. Barth, the works on ethnopolitical conflicts by D. Horowitz, M. Toft, as well as the research of Russian scientists, such as A.V. Avksentiev, D.A. Dmitriev and others. For the North Caucasus, the issue of land ownership, the historical territory of the people has always been painful, it has been the main reason for and factor of interethnic distancing. This research is based on: 1) analysis of official documents of federal and regional authorities; 2) studying declarations of ethic movements and interviews of politicians; 3) media monitoring; 4) classification and situational analysis.Results. The considered territorial disputes in the North Caucasus can be classified in terms of the  factors underlying the conflicts: territorial disputes as consequences of deportation (North Ossetia and Ingushetia, Dagestan); the problem of divided peoples (Lezgins); disputes over unsettled land ownership (Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia and Dagestan); disputes over administrative boundaries (Chechnya and Ingushetia, Chechnya and Dagestan).Discussion and conclusion. Taking into account the fact of significance of the “historical territory” for the North Caucasian peoples, the resolution of territorial disputes should be carried out with respect for historical memory, with the involvement of conciliation procedures that have strong traditional foundations in North Caucasian societies. Territorial conflicts and grievances lead to mobilization of the people, the growth of protest moods and regional political instability, therefore land issues should be resolved with the involvement of the public opinion. This will help to avoid clashes on an ethno-territorial basis and increase the trust in the authorities.


Author(s):  
Galina Gritsenko

The article deals with the problems of the formation of the all-Russian identity of the inhabitants of the North Caucasus. On the basis of an expert survey, the most significant structures and actors of its formation were identified: federal authorities, the media, educational and cultural institutions, public organizations. In the course of the analysis of the research results, it was found that in modern conditions, patriotism becomes the basis for strengthening the all-Russian identity.


Author(s):  
Галина Викторовна Сёмина

В статье автор исходит из понимания феномена культуры (как в искусстве, так и в философии) как культуры, способной жить и развиваться только в одновременном диалоге с другими культурами, который В.С. Библер назвал «культурологическим парадоксом». В процессе проведенного исследования выстроено понимание того, что культура есть мир «вещей», основанный на диалоге их создателей не только с людьми настоящего, но и с последующими поколениями, так как рассказывают потомкам о мировоззрении прошедшей эпохи, о ценностях культуры предков, о мировидении создателей произведений. Автор считает этот аспект достаточно важным и значимым для решения проблем по дальнейшему сохранению культурного наследия народов Северного Кавказа в глобализирующемся мире, стремящемся к всеобщей унификации и нивелирующим тем самым самобытность культур этносов. Культурфилософский анализ предметов как «вещей» способствует выявлению их смыслов, несущих на себе печать человека как homo faber, как созерцателя и как пользователя, которому не только открыто их предназначение, но и без которого в принципе невозможно их существование. В качестве примера рассмотрены узорные карачаево-балкарские ковры - кийизы. Проведена сравнительная параллель между возможными интерпретациями орнаментальных мотивов жыйгыч кийизов - узких полосок, покрывавших полки в патриархальных жилищах этих этносов, и предполагаемым диалогом с Другим. Материал дает основание сделать вывод о том, что эти ковры-занавеси «читаются» по типу «культурного текста» - неких закодированных таким образом посланий предков. In the paper, the author proceeds from the understanding of the phenomenon of culture (both in art and in philosophy), as a culture capable of living and developing only in a simultaneous dialogue with other cultures, which V.S. Bibler called "a cultural paradox". In the process of the study, the understanding is built that culture is a world of "things", basing on the dialogue of their creators not only with the people of the present, but also with subsequent generations. They tell descendants about the worldview of the past era, about the values of ancestral culture, about the worldview of the creators of works. The author considers this aspect important and significant enough to solve the problems of further preserving the cultural heritage of the peoples of the North Caucasus in a globalizing world, striving for universal unification and thereby leveling the identity of ethnic cultures. Cultural-philosophical analysis of objects as "things" helps to identify their meanings, bearing the stamp of a human being, as a homo faber, as a contemplator and as a user, to whom not only their purpose is open, but also without which, in principle, their existence is impossible. The patterned Karachay-Balkarian rugs - kiyizes - are considered as an example. A comparative parallel was drawn between possible interpretations of the ornamental motifs of the zhyigych kiyizes -narrow strips covering shelves in the patriarchal dwellings of these ethnic groups, and the alleged dialogue with the Other. The material gives reason to conclude that these curtain rugs are "read" according to the type of "cultural text" which is a kind of coded message from the ancestors.


Author(s):  
В.Ю. Малашев ◽  
С.Ю. Фризен

В статье анализируются материалы из могильников раннего этапа аланской культуры с территории РСО-Алании и Чеченской Республики. По данным палеоантропологии и археологии делается вывод, что население предгорной полосы, оставившие в том числе Бесланский могильник, являются предками для погребенных в некрополях аланской культуры Среднего Терека (Братские 1-е курганы, Октябрьский I и Киевский I м-ки); а последние стали основным культурным компонентом в формировании населения Западного Прикаспия, в первую очередь Южного Дагестана, что иллюстрируется материалами Паласа-сыртского могильника. The paper analyzes materials from the Alan cemeteries in the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania and the Chechen Republic. Analyzing the data of palaeoanthropology and archaeology, the authors come to the conclusion that the population of the piedmont belt that left behind cemeteries including the Beslan cemetery are ancestors of the people buried in Alan necropolises located in the Middle Terek region (Bratskiye 1st kurgans and Oktyabrskiy I and Kievskiy cemeteries). The latter represent the main cultural component in formation of the population that settled in the western Caspian region, in particular, southern Dagestan, as illustrated by the remains from the Palasa-Syrt cemetery.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
Zurab D. Dzhapua ◽  

The article analyses the contribution of Meletinsky to Caucasian epic studies. The role of Caucasian epic traditions in the study of the problem of the origins and the early forms of the epos is considered. A significant number of the comparative-typological studies of Meletinsky are based on the materials of mythoepic cultures of Caucasus mountain people. The scholar singled out the Caucasian epics, along with some other traditions, as the special early stage in the history of the epic. Meletinsky was one of the pioneers in the fundamental studies of the Caucasian Nart epics. Based on the analysis of materials available to him at that time, Meletinsky comes to the fundamental conclusions on the genre nature, national versions, images, subjects and motifs of the Nart epic. The scholar considered Sataney and Sasrykua to be the earliest characters in the epic, whose images clearly reflected the features of a cultural hero, especially in the close Abkhaz and Adyg versions. Furthermore, according to Meletinsky, the Transcaucasian legends about the chained heroes – Abkhaz Abryskil, Armenian Mger and Georgian Amiran – represent a kind of interweaving of mythological epic and heroic tales, in which the motives of cultural exploits are largely supplanted by episodes of the heroic struggle with Giants. In the studies of Meletinsky, the epic traditions of the people of the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia are subjected to the deepest analysis at a very high level of comparative studies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Marina S. Gapeeva

The article discusses the formation and development of the Soviet national press in the autonomies of the North Caucasus in the first post-revolutionary decade. The national press became one of the primary tasks in building socialist culture and socialist ideology. The article reflects the role of the media as a tool for the formation of public consciousness and the most powerful method of mass education and the fight against illiteracy. The process of Latinization of the alphabets of mountaineers is considered, the reasons for this process are explained, the advantages of national alphabets on a Latin graphic basis are revealed as compared to the majority of the highlanders, using the Arab one. The author notes that Latinization was a kind of catalyst for the development of the print. The range of issues that the first Soviet newspapers were supposed to cover as ideas and principles of the Soviet state is defined. The article describes the structure of an extensive media system aimed at all sectors of society. There are groups of newspapers of regional significance, published in Russian, as well as newspapers, published in the local languages of the mountaineers. The role of local newspapers in the process of emergence and development of national artistic culture is shown. The first newspapers became the focus of the development of the national literature of the highlanders, since it was on the pages of the newspapers that the representatives of the mountain national artistic intelligentsia published their first works. The process of creating associations of proletarian writers, which took place by rallying local authors of the artistic word around major printed publications of the region, is revealed.


Author(s):  
Denis Artamonov ◽  
Sophia V. Tikhonova

The article deals with the mechanics of oblivion in the structure of historical memory in the digital environment (media memory). Th e authors consider media memory as a system of selection of emotionally colored ideas about the Past, in which oblivion plays the role of a fi lter established by censorship and mythologizing practices. Using the example of two specifi c historical events, the murder of the heirs of the throne by the royal fathers, they show how the mechanism of oblivion works by comparing historiographical, mythological and media narratives. Th e empirical basis of the media narrative research is Internet memes dedicated to Ivan the Terrible and Peter I. Th e authors come to the conclusion that the censorship and ideological practice of state mythology refused to distort the historiographical conventions about the analyzed events in favor of their displacement. Empirical data demonstrate the displacement of the moral aspect in the assessment of events due to the humorous strategy of their interpretation.


Author(s):  
D. G. Ponomarenko ◽  
E. B. Ezhlova ◽  
D. V. Rusanova ◽  
A. A. Khachaturova ◽  
N. D. Pakskina ◽  
...  

Presented is the analysis of brucellosis incidence among humans and animals in the Russian Federation in 2018. Epizootiological situation in the regions of developed animal husbandry remains reasonably tense. In 2018, as in previous years, the foci of bovine cattle and small ruminant brucellosis were registered in the North Caucasian, Southern Federal Districts, Volga and Siberian Federal Districts, the share of which made up to more than 90% of all registered in Russia potentially hazardous as regards brucellosis areas and cases of the disease in animals. Against the background of long-term unfavorable epizootic condition, the incidence of brucellosis over the past three years was, on average, 14 % lower than the average long-term indicators. The greatest number of cases (94.1 % of the overall Russian incidence) is registered in the administrative subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District, Southern Federal District and Siberian Federal District, which have the maximum levels of brucellosis incidence in cattle (88.9 %) and small ruminants (95 %). In 2019, persistence of epidemiological problems in regard to brucellosis in the subjects of the North Caucasus Federal District (primarily the Republic of Dagestan, Stavropol Territory), the Southern Federal District (the Republic of Kalmykia, Volgograd and Astrakhan Regions), and the Siberian Federal District (the Tuva Republic, the Omsk and Tyumen Regions) is predicted. The number of human cases of brucellosis may be within the range of 290–310 cases (intensive incidence rate per 100 thousand population – 0.21).


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