Farm Income in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Narayanamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Employment Guarantee

The Green Revolution resulted in spectacular advancements in Indian agriculture. Having achieved food security for its citizens, the country has now become a net exporter of different agricultural commodities. But sadly, this does not reflect the real state of the Indian agricultural sector. In truth, our farmers are plagued by crop failures, poor income, and indebtedness. Such is their misery that they are of late driven to commit suicide. In this book, the author identifies poor returns from crop cultivation as the root cause of farmers’ problems. Using vast temporal and spatial data, the author explores further and attempts to address some very pertinent questions facing Indian agriculture today: What is the current trend in farm income? Are the returns from irrigated crops better than un-irrigated crops? Does increased productivity guarantee increased income? Has the agricultural price policy benefitted farmers? To what extent does rural infrastructure development help in increasing farm income? Has the rural employment guarantee scheme affected farm profitability? The answers will help us determine if we can double farm income by 2022–3, a target set by the present union government.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
A. Narayanamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Green Revolution ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Different Parts

This chapter delineates the various issues and myths concerning farm income in India in an emphatic manner. Indian agriculture has made rapid progress after the introduction of the Green Revolution in terms of production and productivity of crops. But, this development seems to have not made any big impact on the income of farmers. Owing to poor remuneration from crop cultivation that lead to increased indebtedness, widespread suicides of farmers have been reported in different parts of the country. Unfortunately, comprehensive analysis covering all the pertinent issues of farm income is not available in India. Besides flagging the pertinent issues on farm income, this chapter provides a brief overview of all the chapters included in this volume.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship Perspective for Trade and Management of Horticulture Sector in Kashmir Himalayan Valley

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebtisam Hanan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Know How ◽  
Plantation Crops

Horticulture sector plays an extremely important role in trade and economy of Jammu and Kashmir State, India. Productivity and export of horticultural produce are vital for supplementing farm income and overall employment in the agricultural sector. J&K State, renowned for its diverse fruits supports more than 5 lac families, and plays an important role (directly or indirectly) in the employment of nearly 25 lac people annually. Survey reports indicate that about 2.175 lac ha is under fruit crops with prospectus of bringing 1.70 lac ha more under fruit plantation crops. Apple has distinction of being principal fruit crop of the state in terms of production, and accounts for about 60-65 % of the total area of 2.95 lac hectares under all temperate fruits. Horticultural production systems hold promising and flourishing trade prospects for enthusiastic entrepreneurs, and as such warrant intense structural changes through diversification, value addition, harmonious integration of modern and indigenous know-how, organized marketing strategies and infrastructure development for the sustainable production of fruits and their processed products.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-2, issue-3: 284-289 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v2i3.12986 

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEBERAGAMAN USAHA RUMAHT ANGGA PERTANIAN DI LAHAN MARJINAL

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dewa K.S Swastika ◽  
Roosganda Elizabeth ◽  
Juni Hestina
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
On Farm

Most of farmers in Indonesia, especially in marginal land. are small scale farmers with limited resources. These limitations have caused low level of technology application, thus low productivity and low income. To meet their household consumption. they have to find other job for additional income earning. This study is aimed to: (1) to assess the model offarming system, (2) to evaluate the variability of household's income, (3) to assess the contribution of on-farm, off-farm and non-farm incomes on the total household's income, and (4) to assess the degree of relationship between household characteristic and job variability. The study was conducted in three marginal land, namely: rain-fed in WestJava, dry-land in Bali, and swampy land in WestKalimantan. The results showed thatfarmers in rain-fed of WestJava and swampy land of WestKalimantan were doing partial farming, whilefarmers in dryland of Bali were doing integrated farming system. Farmers in these three agroecosystem were diversified in sources of income. On-farm was the highest source of household's income,followed by non-farm and off-farm. However, there is no significant correlation betweenjob diversification and level ofhousehold's income. It might be that thejob diversification was mainly done by small farmers whose on-farm income alone could not meet their household's consumption. Meanwhile, largefarmers did lessjob. Hence, at the end their household's income was not significantly different. The high contribution of agricultural sector on household's income indicated its high role on rural economy. Therefore, this sector should be developed in an integrated development, includedfarming system development,partnership betweenfarmers and private sector, gro-industrial development, and infrastructure development. It is expected that these integrated development will create marketfor agricultural products, job opportunity for rural people, and finally will improve household's income and welfare.

Assessment of Regional Inequality in Female Work Participation: Measurement of Disparity and Determinants

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sheuli Ray ◽  
Manoj Debnath
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Work Participation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Female Work Participation

The regional difference of complex Indian social structure and customs have a different impact on the nature of women’s work participation. The present study aims at unravelling the influence of social, cultural and economic forces in differentiating the level of women work participation in different eco-regions of West Bengal. The study is based purely on secondary sources and data have been collected from the Census of India. It is in the rural areas that the female work participation is directly linked to agriculture and allied activities and the study confines itself to an understanding of work participation of women only in the rural areas. The modern technological implication as a result of green revolution has a worse impact on women work participation particularly in the South Bengal plain and some parts of East Rarh Plain region. The high gender gap is noticed in Nadia district located in the middle part of South Bengal Plain causes very high withdrawn of female from there. Effect of socioeconomic variables, work participation of Scheduled component in main economic activity is also varied from the non-scheduled component. Non-scheduled worker participated more in non-agricultural sector rather than the scheduled counter parts. Subsequently, the low growth rate of female work participation represents a distress picture in work force structure which is a cause of worried also.

scholarly journals Economic and Environmental Consequences of the ECJ Genome Editing Judgment in Agriculture

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1212
Author(s):  
Alexander Gocht ◽  
Nicola Consmüller ◽  
Ferike Thom ◽  
Harald Grethe
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Eu

Genome-edited crops are on the verge of being placed on the market and their agricultural and food products will thus be internationally traded soon. National regulations, however, diverge regarding the classification of genome-edited crops. Major countries such as the US and Brazil do not specifically regulate genome-edited crops, while in the European Union, they fall under GMO legislation, according to the European Court of Justice (ECJ). As it is in some cases impossible to analytically distinguish between products from genome-edited plants and those from non-genome-edited plants, EU importers may fear the risk of violating EU legislation. They may choose not to import any agricultural and food products based on crops for which genome-edited varieties are available. Therefore, crop products of which the EU is currently a net importer would become more expensive in the EU, and production would intensify. Furthermore, an intense substitution of products covered and not covered by genome editing would occur in consumption, production, and trade. We analyzed the effects of such a cease of EU imports for cereals and soy in the EU agricultural sector with the comparative static agricultural sector equilibrium model CAPRI. Our results indicate dramatic effects on agricultural and food prices as well as on farm income. The intensification of EU agriculture may result in negative net environmental effects in the EU as well as in an increase in global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This suggests that trade effects should be considered when developing domestic regulation for genome-edited crops.

scholarly journals Zambian farm blocks: A vehicle for increased private sector investments

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 817-825
Author(s):  
Susanna L. Middelberg ◽  
Pieter van der Zwan ◽  
Cobus Oberholster
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Private Sector Investment

AbstractThe Zambian government has introduced the farm block development programme (FBDP) to facilitate agricultural land and rural development and encourage private sector investment. This study assessed whether the FBDP achieves these goals. Key obstacles and possible opportunities were also identified and, where appropriate, specific corrective actions were recommended. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in Lusaka with various stakeholders of the FBDP. The FBDP is designed to facilitate agricultural land development and encourage private sector investment. However, the programme falls far short in terms of implementation, amidst policy uncertainty and lack of support. This is evident by the insecurity of land tenure which negatively affects small- and medium-scale producers’ access to financing, lack of infrastructure development of these farm blocks, and constraints in the agricultural sector such as low labour productivity and poor access to service expertise. It is recommended that innovative policy interventions should be created to support agricultural development. This can be achieved by following a multistakeholder approach through involving private, public and non-profit sectors such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and donors.

scholarly journals A Spatial Index for Identifying Opportunity Zones for Woody Cellulosic Conversion Facilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Huang ◽  
James H. Perdue ◽  
Timothy M. Young
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Landscape Index ◽  
Ownership Type ◽  
South Central

A challenge in the development of renewable energy is the ability to spatially assess the risk of feedstock supply to conversion facilities. Policy makers and investors need improved methods to identify the interactions associated with landscape features, socioeconomic conditions, and ownership patterns, and the influence these variables have on the geographic location of potential conversion facilities. This study estimated opportunity zones for woody cellulosic feedstocks based on landscape suitability and market competition for the resource. The study covered 13 Southern States which was a segment of a broader study that covered 33 Eastern United States which also included agricultural biomass. All spatial data were organized at the 5-digit zip code tabulation area (ZCTA). A landscape index was developed using factors such as forest land cover area, net forest growth, ownership type, population density, median family income, and farm income. A competition index was developed based on the annual growth-to-removal ratio and capacities of existing woody cellulosic conversion facilities. Combining the indices resulted in the identification of 592 ZCTAs that were considered highly desirable zones for woody cellulosic conversion facilities. These highly desirable zones were located in Central Mississippi, Northern Arkansas, South central Alabama, Southwest Georgia, Southeast Oklahoma, Southwest Kentucky, and Northwest Tennessee.

scholarly journals KETERPURUKAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN SEBAGAI POTRET KEGAGALAN INDUSTRIALISASI DI INDONESIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grendi Hendrastomo *
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Foreign Investors

Shifting agricultural era to the era of industrialization left many problems, especially in the agricultural sector. Populist policies have on one hand brought the country many industrial investments that force economic growth, but on the other hand reduced the partisanship of country in agricultural sector. Agriculture as the basis for mass production of most Indonesian society has became casualties as part of the green revolution that is full of developing countries‘s propaganda which brings benefit and lead to dependency on developing countries. The downturn actors of agricultural field increased in line with growth of food-estate program to attract foreign investors to explore the agro sector. This article discusses on a critical review of agriculture in Indonesia’s slump that began with the green revolution with their panca usaha tani, starting from the decline of the agricultural sector, static industrial situation until the solutions that might be applied to enhance the economic growth and social dynamics of Indonesia.   Keywords: Industrialisation, Marginalization of Agriculture, Green Revolution

scholarly journals http://ajfand.net/Volume21/No1/index.html#gsc.tab=0

2021 ◽  
Vol 21` (01) ◽  
pp. 17125-17139
Author(s):  
Danisile Mthombeni ◽  
◽  
MA Antwi ◽  
T Rubhara ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Gauteng Province ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Household Level

Agro-processing is becoming more popular and practiced by farmers to reduce post-harvest losses,add value to farm products and increase farm income. This paper presents the small-scale crop farmers’ level of participation in agro-processing in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Data were collected from 255 small-scale crop farmers selected by random sampling using a semi-structured questionnaire.Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23 of 2015)was used to analyse data. Descriptive statistics (in form of percentages) were used to analyse the background characteristics of the farmers,whereas the multinomial logit model was further used to show the level of participationamongst the small-scale crop farmers. With respect to agro-processing, results indicated that 47.1% of the small-scale crop farmers participated partly,40.8% of them participated fully while 12.2% did not participate at all. Results of the multinomial analyses indicated that, educational level(p<0.05), size of the field(p<0.05),distance to the market (p<0.01),and access to credit (p<0.01)had positive significant influence on small-scale crop farmers’choice to participate fully in agro-processing. Gender,regarding male participation (p< 0.05),and age of farmer (p<0.01) had significant influence on farmers’ choice to fully participate in agro-processing. Furthermore, the results of the multinomial analyses showed that size of the field (p<0.01)owned by the farmer and access to credit(p< 0.05)had positive influence on the farmers’choice to participate partly in agro-processing whereas older farmers (p< 0.05),widows (p< 0.1) and farmers with more number of fields(p<0.01) were less likely to participate partly in agro-processing activities. These results have implications for the development of small-scale farmers venturing into agro-processing in the Gauteng province. Young females should be encouraged to join the agricultural sector as they are likely to participate in agro-processing activities which in turn results in improved income and food security at the household level. Furthermore, new agricultural education programmes should be encouraged in the area households as educated farmers are more likely to participate in the value addition activities of agro-processing.

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