Introduction to Neuropsychology and Technology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Kane ◽  
Thomas D. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Notebook Computers ◽  
Computer Centers ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Way

The word disruptive has become associated with the age of technology. The connotations of this term have changed drastically from years ago, when in schools it was associated with the type of behavior that would result in a trip to the principal’s office. In the 21st century, “disruptive” often refers to changes that markedly affect and reshape the way things are done, opening up new approaches that change the way we live and function. Computers in various forms, from desktop systems to handheld devices and mobile phones, have played a large role in changing the way we live and work. Researchers no longer spend days at computer centers running study statistics and now can accomplish far more sophisticated analyses using notebook computers. Despite the dramatic changes technology has made in most phases of life, its impact on the practice of clinical neuropsychology has been minimal. It is fair to say that neuropsychologists have increased their use of computers for patient assessment and that some traditional test measures have been adopted for computers, simplifying the administration and scoring process. A number of tests have been developed and designed for computer administration. While computer use has increased especially in specific areas, such as aviation, pharmaceutical studies, and in evaluating concussion both in sports and in the military, the potential use of computers and other technologies to augment assessment has barely been exploited. The goal of this volume is to present ideas and accomplished work demonstrating the use of technology to augment the neuropsychological assessment of patients. Some of the ideas presented in the introduction are forward thinking, incorporate the use of advanced technology, and are potentially disruptive. Others represent incremental changes, but changes that take obvious advantage of using technology to modernize and streamline the assessment process. The introduction reviews the current state of technology in neuropsychology and sets the stage for the succeeding chapters.

Advanced Technology and Assessment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane S. Bush ◽  
Philip Schatz
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Digital Assessment ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Technology And Assessment

The role of technology in neuropsychological practice has expanded dramatically in recent years, and its presence and evolving nature provide both exciting opportunities and sizeable risks that challenge practitioners ethically. Computerized test administration, scoring, and interpretation are now so common that is it hard to imagine a neuropsychologist’s practice that does not incorporate some combination of these technologies. Some of the most commonly used measures have become so complex or offer so many variables to consider that their scoring and interpretation would be extremely difficult, if not prohibitive, without the use of technology. Additionally, assessment of some cognitive constructs, such as sustained attention or response time, typically requires a computer for administration. Without computers for assessing such constructs, the understanding of the test taker’s cognitive abilities would be limited, and the decision to forgo use of such measures would not be consistent with optimal practice. Some referral sources, particularly in forensic contexts, specifically require the use of measures that are computer-administered, scored, and/or interpreted. Finally, computers, or other technologic devices, such as tablets, are now widely used by practitioners for completing and storing reports and other documentation, and telecommunications like email are commonly used for transmitting reports. Thus, technology now permeates the practice of clinical neuropsychology and will likely continue to do so forever. Even practitioners who prefer to limit use of technology must accept that it is here and is here to stay. This is not a bad thing. There are many advantages to the use of digital assessment and data storage. As Wahlstrom (in press) stated: After decades of incremental technological advancements, neuropsychology is beginning to see a rapid expansion of digital applications available to clinicians. In the short-term, these applications promise to replace paper materials and will make testing more efficient, accurate, and engaging for both the examinee and examiner.

Computational Neuropsychology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Parsons ◽  
Robert L. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Efficient Test ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Other chapters in this volume focus on the use of technology to enhance and expand the field of neuropsychology. Some of the enhancements are natural outgrowths of trends present in society at large and involve updating the assessment process to make it more efficient and reliable. Computerized approaches to assessment frequently use off-the-shelf technology, in some cases to administer traditional style tests, while in others to present tasks not readily accomplished with test booklets and paper (see Section II of this book on “Beyond Paper-and-Pencil Assessment”). The computer has also permitted the implementation of new testing paradigms such as scenario-based assessment and the use of virtual reality (see Section III: “Domain and Scenario-based Assessment”). The use of the computer has also made possible efforts to expand access to care through the development of efficient test batteries and telemedicine-based assessment (see Chapter 5 on Teleneuropsychology). The use of computers, the ability to implement life-like scenarios in a controlled environment, and tele­medicine will also expand available approaches to cognitive remediation with cellphones augmenting the ability of individuals to engage in self-monitoring. The integration of neuroimaging into the assessment process was clearly presented in the chapter in this volume by Erin Bigler (see also Section IV of this book on “Integrating Cognitive Assessment with Biological Metrics”). An addi­tional role for neuroimaging is the use of its ever evolving techniques and methods to model neural networks and to refine our understanding of how the brain works and how best to conceptualize cognitive domains. Both neuroimaging to model neural networks and the role of neuroinformatics will be discussed in the remaining sections of this chapter on some prospects for a future computational neuropsychology. Technological advances in neuroimaging of brain structure and function offer great potential for revolutionizing neuropsychology (Bilder, 2011). While neuroimaging has taken advantage of advances in computerization and neuroinfor­matics, neuropsychological assessments are outmoded and reflect nosological attempts at classification that occurred prior to contemporary neuroimaging (see Chapter 13 in this volume).

scholarly journals Brain Health: Attitudes towards Technology Adoption in Older Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Nadir G. Abdelrahman ◽  
Raza Haque ◽  
Molly E. Polverento ◽  
Andrea Wendling ◽  
Courtney M. Goetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Health Related

(1) Background: There is increasing scholarly support for the notion that properly implemented and used, technology can be of substantial benefit for older adults. Use of technology has been associated with improved self-rating of health and fewer chronic conditions. Use of technology such as handheld devices by older adults has the potential to improve engagement and promote cognitive and physical health. However, although, literature suggests some willingness by older adults to use technology, simultaneously there are reports of a more cautious attitude to its adoption. Our objective was to determine the opinions towards information technologies, with special reference to brain health, in healthy older adults either fully retired or still working in some capacity including older adult workers and retired adults living in an independent elderly living community. We were especially interested in further our understanding of factors that may play a role in technology adoption and its relevance to addressing health related issues in this population; (2) Methods: Two focus groups were conducted in an inner-city community. Participants were older adults with an interest in their general health and prevention of cognitive decline. They were asked to discuss their perceptions of and preferences for the use of technology. Transcripts were coded for thematic analysis; (3) Results: Seven common themes emerged from the focus group interviews: physical health, cognitive health, social engagement, organizing information, desire to learn new technology, advancing technology, and privacy/security; and (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that in order to promote the use of technology in older adults, one needs to consider wider contextual issues, not only device design per se, but the older adult’s rationale for using technology and their socio-ecological context.

scholarly journals Current advances in nanomaterials affecting morphology, structure, and function of erythrocytes

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 6958-6971
Author(s):  
Yaxian Tian ◽  
Zhaoju Tian ◽  
Yanrong Dong ◽  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Linsheng Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Way

This review focuses on the way how nanoparticles affect the structure and function of erythrocyte membranes, and is expected to pave the way for development of new nanodrugs.

The ‘disappeared’ in Argentina 1976–1980

1980 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Coad
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Military Coup ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Robert Cox ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Disappeared ◽  
The Way

We publish below a list of writers and journalists abducted by the security forces and numbered among the ‘disappeared’ in Argentina since 24 March 1976, the date of the military coup that installed General Jorge Rafael Videla in power. Two eye-witness accounts illustrate the way in which such abductions usually take place. Finally, Robert Cox, editor-in-exile of the daily newspaper Buenos Aires Herald, describes how independent-minded journalists and the families of los desaparecidos ( ‘the disappeared’) have been affected. The material is introduced by Index on Censorship's researcher on Latin America, Malcolm Coad.

The history of a “primary source”: The making of Tûghî's chronicle on the regicide of Osman II

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-62
Author(s):  
Baki Tezcan
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Initial Attitude ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Way

AbstractA short chronicle by a former janissary called Tûghî on the regicide of the Ottoman Sultan Osman II in 1622 had a definitive impact on seventeenth-century Ottoman historiography in terms of the way in which this regicide was recounted. This study examines the formation of Tûghî's chronicle and shows how within the course of the year following the regicide, Tûghî's initial attitude, which recognized the collective responsibility of the military caste (kul) in the murder of Osman, evolved into a claim of their innocence. The chronicle of Tûghî is extant in successive editions of his own. A careful examination of these editions makes it possible to follow the evolution of Tûghî's narrative on the regicide in response to the historical developments in its immediate aftermath and thus witness both the evolution of a “primary source” and the gradual political sophistication of a janissary.

The Law of Martial Rule

1928 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-616
Author(s):  
Charles Fairman
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Martial Law ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Military Tribunal ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Way

It is not in the least unusual, in newspaper accounts of a strike, riot, flood, or fire, to read that the governor has proclaimed martial law and summoned the militia to the threatened zone. However exaggerated such reports may be, they are evidence of a general belief that there exists some mysterious “martial law” which, when proclaimed, augments the powers of soldiers and paves the way for heroic measures. Nor are these notions wholly fanciful. For such a proclamation may indeed be followed by an extraordinary régime in which the military authority will issue regulations for the conduct of the civil population, troops may be called upon to take life, and perhaps the individuals accused of fomenting trouble will be held without authority of a court, or in some cases may even be tried by a military tribunal. Quite likely these severe measures will receive the approval of public opinion. Yet it is surprising that a people ordinarily rather legalistic should have evinced so little disposition to inquire what rules of law, if any, govern the exercise of these military powers. To answering that unasked query the present study is addressed.

scholarly journals Labels on the maps of the Third Military Survey of Austria-Hungary and on the survey maps of the Military Geographical Institute (Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny) in Warsaw in the light of survey manuals

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Włoskowicz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Standard Map ◽  
The Third ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military ◽  
Topographic Surveys ◽  
The Way

Abstract Materials from topographic surveys had a serious impact on the labels on the maps that were based on these surveys. Collecting toponyms and information that were to be placed as labels on a final map, was an additional duty the survey officers were tasked with. Regulations concerning labels were included in survey manuals issued by the Austro-Hungarian Militärgeographisches Institut in Vienna and the Polish Wojskowy Instytut Geograficzny in Warsaw. The analyzed Austro-Hungarian regulations date from the years 1875, 1887, 1894, 1903 (2nd ed.). The oldest manual was issued during the Third Military Survey of Austria-Hungary (1:25,000) and regulated the way it was conducted (it is to be supposed that the issued manual was mainly a collection of regulations issued prior to the survey launch). The Third Survey was the basis for the 1:75,000 Spezialkarte map. The other manuals regulated the field revisions of the survey. The analyzed Polish manuals date from the years 1925, 1936, and 1937. The properties of the labels resulted from the military purpose of the maps. The geographical names’ function was to facilitate land navigation whereas other labels were meant to provide a military map user with information that could not be otherwise transmitted with standard map symbols. A concern for not overloading the maps with labels is to be observed in the manuals: a survey officer was supposed to conduct a preliminary generalization of geographical names. During a survey both an Austro-Hungarian and a Polish survey officer marked labels on a separate “label sheet”. The most important difference between the procedures in the two institutes was that in the last stage of work an Austro-Hungarian officer transferred the labels (that were to be placed on a printed map) from the “label sheet” to the hand-drawn survey map, which made a cartographer not responsible for placing them in the right places. In the case of the Polish institute the labels remained only on the “label sheets”.

What has digital technology done for us and how can we evolve as a sector to make best use of what it has to offer?

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Nicki Moore
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Digital Skills ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

The need for career development practitioners to develop digital skills is a subject which has been revisited many times. This article draws on research undertaken in the UK in 2019 to establish the barriers and enablers in the use of technology to delivery career guidance and the training needs of the career development workforce to make the most of what digital technology has to offer. The research found that career development practitioners were using digital technology and applications both in their practice with clients and in the way they manage their business. This has prepared them to respond to the challenges in delivering career development services that the COVID-19 pandemic presented.

"Itzt kommen die Soldaten"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilman Venzl
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

In the 18th century, as many as 300 German-language plays were produced with the military and its contact and friction with civil society serving as focus of the dramatic events. The immense public interest these plays attracted feeds not least on the fundamental social structural change that was brought about by the establishment of standing armies. In his historico-cultural literary study, Tilman Venzl shows how these military dramas literarily depict complex social processes and discuss the new problems in an affirmative or critical manner. For the first time, the findings of the New Military History are comprehensively included in the literary history of the 18th century. Thus, the example of selected military dramas – including Lessing's Minna von Barnhelm and Lenz's Die Soldaten – reveals the entire range of variety characterizing the history of both form and function of the subject.

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