Justice

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
Individual Trait ◽  
The Social

From its earliest roots in Greek philosophy, among the most prominent virtues—and arguably the most important of the social virtues—has been justice. While during this same period political philosophy focused intense energy on understanding justice as a property or quality of societies, discussion of justice as a virtue of individuals mostly disappeared. But justice as a virtue of individual character has, along with the other virtues, regained footing as work examining it has increased not only in philosophy but also in social psychology and other empirical fields of study. This volume aims to demonstrate some of the breadth of that thinking and research. It is a collection of new essays solicited from philosophers and political theorists, psychologists, economists, biologists, and legal scholars. Each contribution focuses on some aspect of what makes us just people, either by examining the science that explains the development of justice as a virtue, by highlighting virtue cultivation within distinctive traditions of empirical or philosophical thought, or by adopting a distinctive perspective on justice as an individual trait and its contribution to a society of thriving people. The book aims to stimulate further work in justice as an individual virtue and in how we can become more just as individuals.

Metacommunication: Anthropocentric Views in Contemporary Linguistics

Proglas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donka Mangacheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Verbal Exchange

As an indispensable component of the social interpersonal interaction, metacommunication falls within many fields of study and is considered in the light of different anthropocentric perspectives, which predetermine a specific coverage of problematics, spatial modeling and categorization. During the last decades metacommunication is also a subject of increased interest in the linguistics in its quality of a complex phenomenon linked both with the transmission and interpretation of particular information in the verbal exchange and with the reflection on the speech use and formation of interpersonal relationships

Positive regard for difference without identity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contact Theory ◽  
Contact Hypothesis ◽  
Trans People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cis And Trans

The contact hypothesis has been the go-to social psychology concept for promoting better relations between unequal social groups since its inception in the context of ‘racial’ de-segregation in the USA. The idea that contact between groups reduces prejudice has been applied to a range of dominant / subordinate social groups such as ethnic groups, homo/heterosexuals, cis and trans people. This chapter will question whether the aims and premises of contact theory are still useful in the context of increasingly subtle and systemic biases and inequalities, and whether and how it might be usefully extended to relations between more complex identities than simple pre-defined oppositional ‘in’ and ‘out’ groups.  To do so, it considers some examples of intergroup othering using case studies pertaining to backlashes against gender, sexual and ethnic diversity in the contemporary Australian context. This chapter proposes the fruitful combination of queer ethics, post-tolerance political theory and the social psychology concept of ‘allophilia’ (love for the other) to move towards fostering ‘positive regard’ as an alternative way to tackle prejudice. It suggests that queer ethics can lend a convincing strategy here, which I call ‘reading queerly’, that is, being able to approach an other with an openness that neither homogenises nor subordinates difference.

Social Quality in a Transitive Society

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Heyets
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Quality ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Quality Approach ◽  
The Welfare State

Nearly 30 years of transformation of the sociopolitical and legal, socioeconomical and financial, sociocultural and welfare, and socioenvironmental dimensions in both Central and Eastern Europe, including Ukraine, has led to a change of the social quality of daily circumstances. On the one hand, the interconnection and reciprocity of these four relevant dimensions of societal life is the underlying cause of such changes, and on the other, the state as main actor of the sociopolitical and legal dimension is the initiator of those changes. Applying the social quality approach, I will reflect in this article on the consequences of these changes, especially in Ukraine. In comparison, the dominant Western interpretation of the “welfare state” will also be discussed.

Some Recent Interpretations of John Stuart Mill

Philosophy ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 43 (163) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Central Place ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Relevant Question ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Conduct ◽  
Other Regarding

It is usual to interpret Mill's understanding of liberty in terms deriving from his distinction in On Liberty between self-regarding and other-regarding conduct. Granted this distinction and Mill's genuine concern to define and defend it, it remains a relevant question why he attached so much importance to it. This raises a less familiar theme in Mill, namely the inter-connection of self-regarding and other-regarding conduct. An uncommitted reading of the main texts suggests an equivalent value is attached to this. Mill clearly and constantly asserts a close connection between each person's own attempt to improve himself, to cultivate his ‘affections and will’, and the social and political structure in which he acts. Self-regarding virtue and responsible social conduct are interdependent; the quality of each depends upon the quality of the other. A fuller recognition of this and its central place in Mill's revision of Bentham may be of help in examining some of the particular problems raised by recent scholarship on Mill.

Politics and Morality in the Thought of Karl Popper

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Minogue
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Open Society ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social

LIKE MANY PEOPLE, I FIND KARL POPPER BOTH FASCINATING and irritating. His vigour and lucidity are irresistible, and no one could complain that he fails to engage with the big questions. The problems begin when we consider his political thought. Some think him one of the great liberal philosophers of the century. I on the other hand, while being fascinated by The Open Society and its Enemies, am repelled by the grossness of its caricaturing of most of the thinkers it touches. The Poverty of Historicism is a marvellous text in the philosophy of the social sciences, but the idea of historicism is a straw man. The paradox seems to be that while there is a lot that refers to the political questions of the day, there is virtually nothing which takes up issues of political philosophy directly. The result is that he seems to me always to be on the wrong foot, and my problem is to discover why.

In Search of a Target Language

Target ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Brisset ◽  
Lynda Davey
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Exchange Value ◽  
Foreign Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quebec French ◽  
Special Quality ◽  
The Difference

Abstract In nationalist Quebec, French is rejected as the bearer of a foreign culture in the same way that the Québécois' native land, despoiled by the English, has become the country of the Other. Theatre, more than anything else, lent itself to the task of differentiation allotted to language. As of 1968 the vernacular has become the language of the stage as well as of theatre translation such as the exchange value of both foreign works and French translations from France increasingly erodes. Translating "into Québécois" consists in marking out the difference which opposes French in Quebec and so-called French from France. Since, however, the special quality of Québécois French is truly noticeable only among the working classes, Québécois theatre translations are almost always marked by proletarization of language and lowering the social status of the protagonists, thereby increasing the translation possibilities first and foremost of American sociolects.

scholarly journals HOW DEEPLY DO WE INCLUDE ROBOTIC AGENTS IN THE SELF?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350015 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA STENZEL ◽  
ERIS CHINELLATO ◽  
ANGEL P. DEL POBIL ◽  
MARKUS LAPPE ◽  
ROMAN LIEPELT
Keyword(s):  
Simon Task ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Report Data ◽  
High Degree

In human–human interactions, a consciously perceived high degree of self–other overlap is associated with a higher degree of integration of the other person's actions into one's own cognitive representations. Here, we report data suggesting that this pattern does not hold for human–robot interactions. Participants performed a social Simon task with a robot, and afterwards indicated the degree of self–other overlap using the Inclusion of the Other in the Self (IOS) scale. We found no overall correlation between the social Simon effect (as an indirect measure of self–other overlap) and the IOS score (as a direct measure of self–other overlap). For female participants we even observed a negative correlation. Our findings suggest that conscious and unconscious evaluations of a robot may come to different results, and hence point to the importance of carefully choosing a measure for quantifying the quality of human–robot interactions.

Rules, Know-How, and the Future of Moral Cognition

2000 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 291-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Churchland
Keyword(s):  
Social World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Moral Cognition ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

Professor Clark's splendid essay represents a step forward from which there should be no retreat. Our de facto moral cognition involves a complex and evolving interplay between, on the one hand, the non discursive cognitive mechanisms of the biological brain, and, on the other, the often highly discursive extra-personal “scaffolding” that structures the social world in which our brains are normally situated, a world that has been, to a large extent, created by our own moral and political activity. That interplay extends the reach and elevates the quality of the original nondiscursive cognition, and thus any adequate account of moral cognition must address both of these contributing dimensions. An account that focuses only on brain mechanisms will be missing something vital.

scholarly journals XXXVII.—On the Application of the Principle of Relative, or Proportional, Equality to International Organisation

1867 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Social Wellbeing ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Probable Reasoning ◽  
Scientific Treatment

Aristotle has a saying, which he has frequently repeated and which is often quoted, to the effect that the same degree of precision is not attainable in all branches of inquiry, and that it would be just as absurd to exact demonstration from a politician or an orator, as to accept probable reasoning from a mathematician. It is a saying full of truth and acuteness. To the cultivators of ethical and political philosophy, for whom it was intended, it is invaluable both as an encouragement and a warning; and yet, in behalf of the latter more especially, I often wish that it had never been said. Proceeding from such a master, I am persuaded that it has often tempted them to rest satisfied with a degree of success far short of the limits which the nature of their subjects really imposed; whilst, on the other hand, it has afforded an apology for excluding social and political philosophy from the meditations of learned bodies like this. I do not mean that they have been formally excluded. I know that the constitution of this, and of most similar societies, has always embraced the social as well as the physical sciences. But so rarely have those of us who were occupied with the former availed ourselves of the privileges of Fellowship, that it has come to be regarded almost as a matter of admission on our part, that our subjects defy scientific treatment: that when we talk of tracing out laws of social wellbeing or progress, we use words which either have no meaning at all, or which indicate a very faint analogy between the methods which we affect to follow and those really employed in the physical sciences: and that pretty nearly all that can be done is to hand us and our subjects over to the companionship of party politicians and popular declaimers.

Fatores Psicossociais que Interferem na Qualidade de Vida de Adolescentes Gestantes em Joinville-SC

2018 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Luana Maris Borri ◽  
Lúcia Hilda Machado ◽  
Ana Letícia De Giuli ◽  
Carolina Oliveira Zerbinatti ◽  
Flavia Kroehnke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Psychology ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
The Social ◽  
De Se

O presente estudo visa investigar os fatores psicossociais potencialmente prejudiciais, que interferem na qualidade de vida de adolescentes gestantes, que residem na cidade de Joinville (SC) através de uma pesquisa de campo de abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada com três gestantes com idades entre 10 e 19 anos, sendo que a análise foi realizada a partir da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, considerando o referencial teórico da Psicologia Social. Para abarcar a questão da gravidez de adolescentes e os fatores psicossociais, que interferem na sua qualidade de vida, as reflexões propostas foram organizadas pelas seguintes subcategorias: família, âmbito escolar, relacionamento, questões financeiras, fatores psicossociais positivos e negativos, mudanças, preconceito e planos futuros. Sendo assim, apesar de se buscar os aspectos comuns nas gestantes, percebeu-se justamente que cada adolescente e sua família recebem e lidam de maneiras diferentes com a gestação, levantando justamente a importância de não definir fatores determinantes ou generalizados sobre as gestações, visando sempre respeitar a singularidade de cada pessoa. De modo geral, a partir dos resultados da pesquisa foi possível confirmar a hipótese de que a maternidade impacta, diretamente, no futuro destas adolescentes, visto que interfere nos estudos, nas possibilidades de se conseguir um bom trabalho, uma moradia digna e uma estabilidade econômica, gerando uma (in) sustentabilidade, pois as mesmas repetem situação de vulnerabilidade, como condições econômicas reduzidas e prejuízos em relação ao âmbito escolar dos filhos. Palavras-chave: Adolescência. Qualidade de Vida. Fatores Psicossociais. Gravidez. Psicologia Social.AbstractThe present study aims to investigate the potentially harmful psychosocial factors that interfere with the quality of life of pregnant teenagers who reside in the city of Joinville (SC), through a field research of a qualitative approach. Data collection took place by means of a structured interview with three pregnant women aged 10 to 19 years, being that the analysis was performed based on the analysis of the content of Bardin, considering the Social Psychology theoretical framework. To encompass the issue of adolescent pregnancy and psychosocial factors that interfere in their quality of life, the proposed reflections have been organized by the following subcategories: Family, scholastic, relationship, financial issues, psychosocial factors both positive and negative, changes, prejudice and future plans. Thus, although the common aspects in pregnant women were sought, it was realized that each adolescent and herfamily receive and deal in different ways with the pregnancy, raising precisely the importance of not defining factors or generalized about the pregnancy, always aiming at respecting the uniqueness of each person. Generally, from the search results it was possible to confirm the hypothesis that the motherhood directly impacts on the future of these adolescents, since it interferes in the studies, the possibilities of getting a good job, a decent housing and economic stability, generating an (un)sustainability, because the same repeat situation of vulnerability, such as reduced economic conditions and losses in relation to the scope of school children.  Keywords: Adolescence. Quality of Life. Psychosocial Factors. Pregnancy. Social Psychology.

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