Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Virtue Theory ◽  
Peter Singer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effective Altruism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

Philanthropy and charitable giving support the lives of both people and institutions. Individuals express their values by where they give and how much. Yet recent philosophers have written little about the subject, aside from Peter Singer and other advocates of effective altruism, who are mostly (but not universally) consequentialist utilitarians. We have a need, therefore, to examine theories of the ethics of giving from a wider range of theories, including theories based on Kant, intuitionism, virtue theory, integrity, and justice. The ethical theory that individuals hold makes a significant difference to their practices in giving. This volume contains essays by philosophers who are, in most cases, publishing on the topic for the first time.

The Ethics of Giving

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Ethical Theory ◽  
Virtue Theory ◽  
Peter Singer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effective Altruism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

Philanthropy and charitable giving support the lives of both people and institutions. Individuals express their values by where they give and how much. Yet recent philosophers have written little about the subject, aside from Peter Singer and other advocates of effective altruism, who are mostly (but not universally) consequentialist utilitarians. We have a need, therefore, to examine theories of the ethics of giving from a wider range of theories, including theories based on Kant, intuitionism, virtue theory, integrity, and justice. The ethical theory that individuals hold makes a significant difference to their practices in giving. This volume contains essays by philosophers who are, in most cases, publishing on the topic for the first time.

Effect of Obstacle Type on Methane–Air Flame Propagation in a Closed Duct: An Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kolahdooz ◽  
M. Nazari ◽  
M. H. Kayhani ◽  
R. Ebrahimi ◽  
O. Askari
Keyword(s):  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Solid Obstacles ◽  
First Time ◽  
Closed Environment

The combustion in a closed environment was the subject of many works in the past century due to its importance and complex nature compared with the combustion in an open environment. Most research works in this field have investigated different types of gas mixtures, the governing boundary conditions and their effect on the flame propagation structure. Additionally, several investigations have been performed on creating disturbance through obstacles in the flow path as well as the process of deflagration to detonation transition. This paper, for the first time, investigates the effect of porous and solid obstacles on the propagation and the structure of premixed methane–air flame in a closed duct with dimensions of 50 × 11 × 8 cm. The blockage created in the duct by obstacles is in such a way that the detonation process does not occur. The results for the unconstrained duct correctly represent the process of forming the classical tulip flame inside the closed duct. The location of the obstacles is changed in four different distance of 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm from the spark plug, and its effect on combustion characteristics has been evaluated. The results show that the obstacles create fundamental changes in the structure and flame propagation. A significant difference between solid and porous obstacles is that the porous obstacle, in proportion to the solid obstacle, creates less disturbance in the flow field and also does not cause excessive acceleration in the flame propagation. Porous obstacles also reduce the maximum pressure in the chamber during the process, more than the solid obstacles.

scholarly journals Are there Metacognitivists in the Fox Hole? A Preliminary Test of Information Seeking in an Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Taryn Eaton ◽  
Patricia Billette ◽  
Jennifer Vonk
Keyword(s):  
Information Seeking ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Choice Accuracy ◽  
Vulpes Lagopus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

Over the last two decades, evidence has accrued that at least some nonhuman animals possess metacognitive abilities. However, of the carnivores, only domestic dogs have been tested. Although rarely represented in the psychological literature, foxes are good candidates for metacognition given that they cache their food. Two experiments assessed metacognition in one male arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) for the first time. An information-seeking paradigm was used, in which the subject had the opportunity to discover which compartment was baited before making a choice by looking through a transparent window in the apparatus. In the first experiment, choice accuracy during seen trials was equal to choice accuracy on unseen trials. Importantly, there was no significant difference between the subject’s looking behavior on seen versus unseen trials. In the second experiment, with chance probabilities reduced, the subject’s choice accuracy on both seen and unseen trials was below chance. The subject did not exhibit looking behavior in any of the trials. Latencies to choose were not influenced by whether he witnessed baiting. Although we did not obtain evidence of metacognition in our tests of a single subject, we maintain that foxes may be good candidates for further tests using similar methodologies to those introduced here.

SENSITIVITAS ETIS MAHASISWA ATAS PENGGELAPAN PAJAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Nurma Risa
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Management Students

This study aims to prove that there is a difference of perception about ethics on tax evasion in UNISMA Bekasi students, based on selected study program and gender. The sample of this research is the students who have fulfilled the subject of taxation, at the Faculty of Economics (FE) and Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP). Using independent t-test, the results showed that there was no significant difference of perception about tax evasion ethics between FE and FISIP students. But significant differences the perception of tax evasion ethics occur between accounting and management students at FE. Significant differences also did not occur between male and female students

Analisis Perbedaan Prestasi Belajar Mahasiswa Fakultas Tarbiyah Dan Ilmu Keguruan (Ftik) Iain Palu Pada Mata Kuliah Evaluasi Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-190
Author(s):  
Wiwin Mistiani
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Error Level ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Learning Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning

This study aims to determine the student achievement of male and female students on the subyek Evaluation of learning and to determine of Differences in student achievement FTIK IAIN Palu on the subject evaluastion learning by gender. The approach used is descriptive quantitative. While the population in this study are all students. The sampling technique is done by using proportional random sampling technique. With the number of students 60 people then the sample = 37 students of FTIK IAIN Palu. Technique of collecting data by using test and observation while data analysis using T test.From the research, 1) the average of learning achievement in the subject of male students' learning appraisal from 19 male students who are the sample in this research is 79,42 means good category. Meanwhile, from 18 female students who became the sample of the study, the average of learning achievement in the subject of female students' learning evaluation is 77 means either. 2) There is no significant difference Student Learning Achievement FTIK) IAIN Palu On the subject Evaluation Learning Based on Gender with t value equal to = 0,0267 with t table with dk 35 with error level 5% is 0,062.

Effect of Nada Yoga on Hypertension & Anxiety Level

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Naveen Kumar ◽  
Kuldeep singh
Keyword(s):  
Sound Speed ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Hatha Yoga ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Level Of Significance

In Nada yoga the sound speed of an object vibrates (as well as its size, however infinitesimal) contributes to its particular sound. Different tone and frequencies contains the subject of meditation in Nada Yoga, which also takes into consideration the musical intervals used in music and in the musical recitation of mantras, is brought together with meditation techniques and certain Hatha Yoga practices that are conducive to sonic exploration. Recently a study conducted on anxiety and hypertension level in Raigarh entitled as “The effect of Nada Yoga on Hypertension and anxiety level”.  The outcome of the study shows that Nada Yoga significantly reduces Anxiety as well as Hypertension. Results founds were surprisingly shows a significant difference between the two means, at .01 level of significance. It shows how Nada Yoga can effectively help to reduce anxiety and hypertension as well as many improves in health also.

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ КОНФЛИКТОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
А. Н. Сухов
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Structure Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

This given article reveals the topicality not only of destructive, but also of constructive, as well as hybrid conflicts. Practically it has been done for the first time. It also describes the history of the formation of both foreign and domestic social conflictology. At the same time, the chronology of the development of the latter is restored and presented objectively, in full, taking into account the contribution of those researchers who actually stood at its origins. The article deals with the essence of the socio-psychological approach to understanding conflicts. The subject of social conflictology includes the regularities of their occurrence and manifestation at various levels, spheres and conditions, including normal, complicated and extreme ones. Social conflictology includes the theory and practice of diagnosing, resolving, and resolving social conflicts. It analyzes the difficulties that occur in defining the concept, structure, dynamics, and classification of social conflicts. Therefore, it is no accident that the most important task is to create a full-fledged theory of social conflicts. Without this, it is impossible to talk about effective settlement and resolution of social conflicts. Social conflictology is an integral part of conflictology. There is still a lot of work to be done, both in theory and in application, for its complete design. At present, there is an urgent need to develop conflict-related competence not only of professionals, but also for various groups of the population.

Thermodynamics in Geochemistry

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg M. Anderson ◽  
David A. Crerar
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Years Of Teaching Experience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

This textbook and reference outlines the fundamental principles of thermodynamics, emphasizing applications in geochemistry. The work is distinguished by its comprehensive, balanced coverage and its rigorous presentation. The authors bring years of teaching experience to the work, and have attempted to particularly address those areas where other texts on the subject have provided inadequate coverage. A thorough review of the necessary mathematics is presented early on, both as a refresher for those with a background in university calculus, and for the benefit of those coming to the subject for the first time. The text is written for students in advanced undergraduate or graduate-level geochemistry as well as for all researchers in this field.

Anisotropic Elasticity

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. C. Ting
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Anisotropic Materials ◽  
Anisotropic Elasticity ◽  
Stress Singularities ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
First Time

Anisotropic Elasticity offers for the first time a comprehensive survey of the analysis of anisotropic materials that can have up to twenty-one elastic constants. Focusing on the mathematically elegant and technically powerful Stroh formalism as a means to understanding the subject, the author tackles a broad range of key topics, including antiplane deformations, Green's functions, stress singularities in composite materials, elliptic inclusions, cracks, thermo-elasticity, and piezoelectric materials, among many others. Well written, theoretically rigorous, and practically oriented, the book will be welcomed by students and researchers alike.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Phylogeny of Anaplasmaphagocytophilum and Related Variants in Small Ruminants from Turkey

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Münir Aktaş ◽  
Sezayi Özübek ◽  
Mehmet Can Uluçeşme
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
First Time ◽  
Japan And China ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Anaplasma phagocytophilum causes tick-borne fever in small ruminants. Recently, novel Anaplasma variants related to A. phagocytophilum have been reported in ruminants from Tunisia, Italy, South Korea, Japan, and China. Based on 16S rRNA and groEL genes and sequencing, we screened the frequency of A. phagocytophilum and related variants in 433 apparently healthy small ruminants in Turkey. Anaplasma spp. overall infection rates were 27.9% (121/433 analyzed samples). The frequency of A. phagocytophilum and A. phagocytophilum-like 1 infections was 1.4% and 26.5%, respectively. No A. phagocytophilum-like 2 was detected in the tested animals. The prevalence of Anaplasma spp. was comparable in species, and no significant difference was detected between sheep and goats, whereas the prevalence significantly increased with tick infestation. Sequencing confirmed PCR-RFLP data and showed the presence of A. phagocytophilum and A. phagocytophilum-like-1 variant in the sampled animals. Phylogeny-based on 16S rRNA gene revealed the A. phagocytophilum-like 1 in a separate clade together with the previous isolates detected in small ruminants and ticks. In this work, A. phagocytophilum-like 1 has been detected for the first time in sheep and goats from Turkey. This finding revealed that the variant should be considered in the diagnosis of caprine and ovine anaplasmosis.

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