Effects of Environmental Conditions on Larval Growth and Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 195-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoshu Zeng ◽  
Guiomar Rotllant ◽  
Luis Giménez ◽  
Nicholas Romano
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Future Research Directions

The vast majority of crustaceans are aquatic, living in either marine or freshwater environments. Marine crustaceans—such as copepods, in particular—are ubiquitous in the oceans and perhaps the most numerous metazoans on Earth. Because crustaceans occur in all marine habitats, their larvae are exposed to highly diverse and sometimes variable environmental conditions, including extreme situations in which various environmental factors exert significant effects on larval growth and development. This chapter first describes the effects of food availability on crustacean larvae. Food paucity is a commonly occurring scenario in the wild, which can directly affect larval growth and development and, in severe cases, results in mortality. In the subsequent sections, we cover the effects of temperature and salinity—the two most prominent physical parameters in the aquatic environments—on growth and development of crustacean larvae. We then discuss the influence of other important physicochemical factors in aquatic environments on larval growth and development, including dissolved oxygen, light, ocean acidification, and pollutants. Finally, the last two sections of this chapter discuss synergistic effects of different environmental factors and suggest future research directions in this field.

Physiology of Larval Feeding

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Digestive Physiology ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Invertebrate Larvae

The functional properties of marine invertebrate larvae represent the sum of the physiological activities of the individual, the interdependence among cells making up the whole, and the correct positioning of cells within the larval body. This chapter examines physiological aspects of nutrient acquisition, digestion, assimilation, and distribution within invertebrate larvae from an organismic and comparative perspective. Growth and development of larvae obviously require the acquisition of “food.” Yet the mechanisms where particulate or dissolved organic materials are converted into biomass and promote development of larvae differ and are variably known among groups. Differences in the physiology of the digestive system (secreted enzymes, gut transit time, and assimilation) within and among feeding larvae suggest the possibility of an underappreciated plasticity of digestive physiology. How the ingestion of seawater by and the existence of a circulatory system within larvae contribute to larval growth and development represent important topics for future research.

scholarly journals A review on thin films, conducting polymers as sensor devices

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Veera Prabakaran ◽  
K Senthil Vadivu ◽  
B Mouli Prasanth
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Thin Film Technology ◽  
Thin Film Sensors ◽  
Sensor Devices

Abstract Thin film sensors are used to monitor environmental conditions by measuring the physical parameters. By using thin film technology, the sensors are capable of conducting precise measurements. Moreover, the measurements are stable and dependable. Furthermore, inexpensive sensor devices can be produced. In this paper, thin film technology for the design and fabrication of sensors that are used in various applications is reviewed. Further, the applications of thin film sensors in the fields of biomedical, energy harvesting, optical, and corrosion applications are also presented. From the review, the future research needs and future perspectives are identified and discussed.

scholarly journals Melatonin in plants: what we know and what we don’t

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zixin Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Biosynthesis Regulation

Abstract Melatonin is an endogenous micromolecular compound of indoleamine with multiple physiological functions in various organisms. In plants, melatonin is involved in growth and development, as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, melatonin functions in phytohormone-mediated signal transduction pathways. There are multiple melatonin biosynthesis pathways, and the melatonin content in plants is greatly affected by intrinsic genetic characteristics and external environmental factors. Although melatonin biosynthesis has been extensively studied in model plants, it remains uncharacterized in most plants. This article focuses on current knowledge on the biosynthesis, regulation and application of melatonin, particularly for fruit quality and preservation. In addition, it highlights the links between melatonin and other hormones, as well as future research directions.

Exploring Importance of Environmental Factors for Adoption of Knowledge Management Systems in Saudi Arabian Public Sector Organisations

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatmah M. H. Alatawi ◽  
Michael D. Williams ◽  
Yogesh K. Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Behavioural Intention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Intention To Adopt ◽  
Normative Pressure ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Coercive Pressure

This research aimed to examine importance and influence of environmental factors (mainly from institutional theory perspective) on adoption of KMS in the context of Saudi Arabian public sector. Data collected from a survey of 352 employees from various public sector organisations, was utilised to perform a number of analyses which led to illustrate that the coercive pressure not just directly affects behavioural intention but also exert indirect effect on it via mimetic pressure construct. Coercive pressure along with normative pressure and external IS support determines the strength of mimetic pressure. Findings also indicate that mimetic pressure along with coercive pressure significantly influences behavioural intention to adopt KMS in Saudi Arabian public sector organisations. The paper also outlines contribution, limitations and future research directions emerging from this research.

scholarly journals CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, FIRM PERFORMANCE, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH – THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinko ŠKARE ◽  
Tea HASIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Research Show

Corporate governance in today's modern economies is growing in importance within the growth accounting equation. Although we look at corporate governance as final product of 20/21st century economies, old economic growth theories were aware of its importance for growth and development. Roots of corporate governance go back to the ancient economies of India and Greece also. This paper offers a consistent literature review assessing the nexus between corporate performance and economic growth. Individual and cross-country studies show corporate governance in majority of the cases positively affects firms performance and in turn nations' economic growth. Empirical and theoretical research show corporate governance is an important growth determinant to be reviewed in the field of growth models. This article summarizes main findings providing future research directions on the corporate governance – economic growth nexus.

scholarly journals A Review of Facial Landmark Extraction in 2D Images and Videos Using Deep Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Bodini
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
3D Face Reconstruction ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Facial Expression Analysis ◽  
Facial Landmark ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
2D Images

The task of facial landmark extraction is fundamental in several applications which involve facial analysis, such as facial expression analysis, identity and face recognition, facial animation, and 3D face reconstruction. Taking into account the most recent advances resulting from deep-learning techniques, the performance of methods for facial landmark extraction have been substantially improved, even on in-the-wild datasets. Thus, this article presents an updated survey on facial landmark extraction on 2D images and video, focusing on methods that make use of deep-learning techniques. An analysis of many approaches comparing the performances is provided. In summary, an analysis of common datasets, challenges, and future research directions are provided.

Big Data Analytics

2017 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Nachiappan Subramanian ◽  
Muhammad D. Abdulrahman ◽  
Hing Kai Chan ◽  
Kun Ning
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Future Research Directions

In this chapter, we will introduce practical issues and implementation challenges from the industry perspective. In particular, we explain three aspects based on the panel discussions from the set of representatives participated in a big data conference from three dominant industries such as e-commerce, health care and computer hardware, which are sought of big data for their growth and development. We introduce overall challenges and explain typical industry based practical issues, how they visualize the big picture for their strategic development and how industries are gearing towards converting the challenges to big opportunities through the partnership of universities. Finally, based on the content analysis we offer potential trends and future research directions.

WHY VALUES MATTER FOR IDEAS: EXAMINING THE DETERMINANTS OF READINESS TO CO-CREATE

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550036 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANISHA SHANMUGAM ◽  
CHRISTOPHER DURUGBO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Value System ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Interpersonal Characteristics ◽  
Individual Value ◽  
The Relationship

Co-creation is a special type of collaboration that co-opts individuals in an innovative way for creating value. Engaging in co-creation can result in mutual benefit for the participants as they obtain favourable end results or exchange knowledge and skills but may be challenging when an individual may not be ready or willing to co-create. This makes it imperative that an individual's readiness to co-create (RTCC) is understood and factored into the management of co-creative processes. Drawing from research on readiness to collaborate, factors that determine RTCC are examined in this article. Specifically, the relationship between constructs of individual value system (IVS), organisational value system (OVS), contextual-environmental conditions (EC), intrapersonal characteristics (IntraCharac), interpersonal characteristics (InterCharac), and RTCC are examined. Post confirmatory factor analysis indicated that most of the variables of the six constructs had loaded on a particular factor except for IntraCharac that loaded only 2 variables. Based on these results, multiple regressions were performed, which indicated that environmental conditions and InterCharac did have significant influence on RTCC whereas IntraCharac did not have a strong effect. Managerial implications and potential future research directions are also highlighted.

Photosynthesis and productivity.

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-248
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Singh ◽  
Manoj K. Soni
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Temperature Water

Abstract Knowledge on the responses of guava to environmental factors such as light, temperature, water availability and CO2 concentration is essential to determine the effect of suboptimal environmental conditions and to manage the crop for maximum productivity. This chapter aims to highlight the current understanding and the possible effects of environmental factors on the whole physiology of guava trees as expressed by growth, yield, fruit quality and photosynthetic features. Possible areas of future research are also suggested.

Seasonal occurrence of, development of, and the influences of selected environmental factors on the larvae of Prosimulium and Simulium species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) found in the rivers of southwestern Alberta

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1491-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Shipp ◽  
W. S. Procunier
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Seasonal Development ◽  
Mountain Rivers

Larval development of Simulium arcticum Malloch (IIL-3), S. defoliarti Stone and Peterson (IIS-14.15), and S. tuberosum Lundström (FG) was documented for four rivers in southwestern Alberta from 1982 to 1984. Simulium arcticum (IIL-3) and S. tuberosum (FG) had seven instars; these two species were multivoltine with two or three generations per year, while S. defoliarti (IIS-14.15) was univoltine. Water temperature, river discharge, and turbidity were the only environmental factors of five parameters measured that were significantly correlated with the seasonal development of larvae of S. arcticum (IIL-3), S. defoliarti (IIS-14.15), S. vittatum Zetterstedt complex, S. tuberosum (FG), and Prosimulium onychodactylum Dyar and Shannon complex. Also, we speculate on the effect that food quality and quantity have on larval growth and development of blackfly species that breed in mountain rivers.

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