Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-129
Author(s):  
David Cunning
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Animal Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Instrumentation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Limits Of Knowledge ◽  
Natural Sense ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Self Motion

This chapter features a selection of excerpts from Cavendish’s book, Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy. The passages treat a number of topics and issues: the divisibility of body; empty space and the impossibility of vacuum; the reliability of scientific instrumentation; the reliability and sophistication of natural sense organs; artefacts vs. natural productions; the knowledge and know-how that are ubiquitous in nature; creation; annihilation; the interdependence of creatures; color; materialism; the nature of ideas; representation; God; belief in the existence of God; the limits of knowledge; death and regeneration; creation; gender; order vs. disorder; atomism; motion; freedom; the impossibility of incorporeal motion; panpsychism; action at a distance; action by contact; sensory perception and patterning; rational perception; embodied cognition; self-knowledge; self-motion; the different kinds of matter; animal knowledge; and the eternity of matter. Cavendish begins Observations Upon Experimental Philosophy by repeating the claim that there is no inherent difference between women and men with respect to intellectual capacities. The book treats a wide range of topics, but a central undercurrent is that matter is eternal and that bodies are sophisticated and have the wherewithal to bring about organization and order on their own.

Grounds of Natural Philosophy

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-150
Author(s):  
David Cunning
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Philosophical Debates ◽  
Self Motion ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter features a selection of excerpts from Cavendish’s book, Grounds of Natural Philosophy. The passages treat a number of topics and issues: materialism; empty space and the impossibility of vacuum; the identity of a body and its location; the impossibility of immaterial motion; the different kinds of matter; order vs. disorder; active regions of the world that we do not notice; self-motion; self-knowledge; panpsychism; sensory perception and patterning; dreams; occasionalism; causality; chance; freedom, the cooperation of the parts of nature; individuation; natural productions vs. artefacts; imagination; fame; the afterlife; God; and belief in the existence of God. Cavendish enters into a wide spectrum of philosophical debates in Grounds of Natural Philosophy, but much of the focus is on arguments for materialism, the distinction between rational matter and sensitive matter, the knowledge and information that is shared among creatures, individuation, and the sophistication of natural (as opposed to artificial) productions.

Philosophical Letters

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-98
Author(s):  
David Cunning
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Animal Knowledge ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Henry More ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter features a selection of excerpts from Cavendish’s book, Philosophical Letters. The passages treat a number of topics and issues: the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes; the philosophy of René Descartes; the philosophy of Henry More; the science of Constantijn Huygens; gender; the role of theology in philosophy; God; the inconceivability of God; empty space and the impossibility of vacuum; the identity of a body and its location; materialism; the eternity of matter; creation; sensory perception; patterning; animal knowledge; freedom; motion; the transfer of motion; the impossibility of immaterial motion; embodied cognition; laws of nature; the spirit of nature; vitalism and the activity of matter; panpsychism; the struggle for bodies to maintain their structural integrity; individuation; death and regeneration; imagination; certainty; action at a distance; action by contact; the natural soul of the human being; the supernatural soul of a human being; how to read scripture; illegitimate uses of scripture; order vs. disorder; the interdependence of the bodies of nature; natural magic; occasional causation; medicine; and the limits of science. Philosophical Letters is not an actual correspondence in which Cavendish has a thorough and extended exchange with Descartes, Hobbes, More, and Van Helmont. Such a back-and-forth was presumably not in the cards, in part because of gender norms surrounding the question of who should engage in intellectual disputation with whom. In Philosophical Letters Cavendish engages a fictional correspondence between herself and a “Madam” who has asked her to comment on the work of all four philosophers.

Part I

Good Lives ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 3-124
Author(s):  
Samuel Clark
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Good Life ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Knowledge

Part I investigates a wide range of autobiographies, alongside work on the history and literary criticism of autobiography, on narrative, and on the philosophies of the self and of the good life. It works from the point of view of the autobiographer, and considers what she does, what she aims at, and how she achieves her effects, to answer three questions: what is an autobiography? How can we learn about ourselves from reading one? About what subjects does autobiography teach? This part of the book develops, first, an account of autobiography as paradigmatically a narrative artefact in a genre defined by its form: particular diachronic compositional self-reflection. Second, an account of narrative as paradigmatically a generic telling of a connected temporal sequence of particular actions taken by, and particular events which happen to, agents. It defends rationalism about autobiography: autobiography is in itself a distinctive and valuable form of ethical reasoning, and not merely involved in reasoning of other, more familiar kinds. It distinguishes two purposes of autobiography, self-investigation and self-presentation. It identifies five kinds of self-knowledge at which autobiographical self-investigation typically aims—explanation, justification, self-enjoyment, selfhood, and good life—and argues that meaning is not a distinct sixth kind. It then focusses on the book’s two main concerns, selfhood and good life: it sets out the wide range of existing accounts, taxonomies, and tasks for each, and gives an initial characterisation of the self-realization account of the self and its good which is defended in Part II.

Poems and Fancies

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
David Cunning
Keyword(s):  
Active Regions ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Animal Cruelty ◽  
Animal Knowledge ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
Peace And Conflict ◽  
The World ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter features a selection of excerpts from Cavendish’s poems and other short pieces. The passages treat a number of topics and issues: atomism; empty space; active regions of the world that we do not notice; the ideas that occur to us and why; animal knowledge; insect knowledge; peace and conflict; gender; imaginary worlds; poetry; animal cruelty; and the treatment of nature. The poems on atomism reflect a view that Cavendish entertained early on and then abandoned in favor of her animist view that bodies are not only divisible, but also active, perceptive, and knowledgeable. A common theme across other poems is the sophistication of nonhuman creatures, for example in “A Dialogue between an Oake, and a Man cutting him downe,” “A Morall Discourse betwixt Man, and Beast,” “Of the Ant,” and “Of Fishes.”

How Can Sol-Gel Contribute to Optical Devices?

2008 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Zayat ◽  
David Levy
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
External Signal ◽  
Strong Argument ◽  
Scientific Instrumentation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
High Flexibility

We emphasize in this chapter the Sol-Gel chemistry, which has gained a large number of researchers, developing interesting and sophisticated novel synthetic methods, offering a variety of approaches to new systems preparation, overcoming many of the synthetic difficulties of the past. A strong argument for using the Sol-Gel chemistry is found in the high flexibility of the method and the large choice of commercially available “dopants” that can be incorporated in the solid matrices, that might have a specific activity or reactivity to an external signal (i.e. light, magnetic, electrical, etc). From the point of view of nanotechnology applications, Sol-Gel materials are being required for critical components embedded in systems such as industrial equipment and scientific instrumentation, imaging and display, medical applications, aerospace and defense, etc. The rapidly developing sol-gel process has been used for the preparation of materials for a wide range of fields, adapting the chemistry and the novel synthetic routes to the specific systems, in order to achieve complicated developments oriented to nanotechnology applications. Clear examples can be found on Sol-Gel optics applications.

scholarly journals FILLING LEVEL MEASUREMENTS OF WASTE BINS USING LOW POWER SENSORS OF THE INTERNET OF THINGS AND LORAWAN TECHNOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nino Inasariadze ◽  
Vaidotas Vaišis
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Ultrasonic Sensor ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wireless Module ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Different Levels

The article discusses IoT based solutions to improve waste collection and monitoring in public waste containers. The paper examines whether the monitoring system used in the measurement process can be used to monitor the filling of containers. The system consists of a wireless module connected to an ultrasonic sensor. The data sent makes it possible to calculate the empty space in the waste containers. The values are obtained by measuring the distance from the top of the container to the surface of the waste. Low-power long-distance broadband network (LoRaWAN) transmitters were used for data transmission. The aim of the research: to test an inexpensive monitoring system and to describe a new system of sensors and transmitter modules. The system is characterized by extremely low power consumption and a wide range of sensors used. Measurements were performed in Vilnius. Containers of two types of sizes were analyzed, measurements were performed at five points of horizontal cross section of the containers. The study was performed at two different levels of container filling. The results show that an ultrasonic sensor can representatively measure waste filling depths at different levels of container filling. Based on the results, this sensor can be recommended in the intelligent waste management market. Such a system can provide the necessary data for optimizing waste collection processes in cities and avoid container overcrowding problems.

Bataille, Georges (1897–1962)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Maskit
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
History Of Religion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
Limits Of Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academic Philosophy ◽  
Formally Trained

Georges Bataille was born in Billom, France, raised in Reims, and spent much of his adult life in Paris. Never formally trained as a philosopher, he worked from 1922 to 1942 as a librarian at the Bibliothèque Nationale. In addition to his philosophical works, Bataille also wrote on the history of art as well as a number of critical works and novels. Owing to his position outside academic philosophy, Bataille was able to treat diverse topics in ways which might have been unacceptable otherwise. His work addresses the importance of sacrifice, eroticism and death, as well as the kinds of ‘expenditure’ evidenced by what he called the general economy. It draws on diverse sources (Hegel, Nietzsche, Marcel Mauss, anthropological research, and the history of religion, among others) and treats a wide range of topics: the role of art in human life, the practice of sacrifice in ancient and modern cultures, the role of death in our understanding of subjectivity, and the limits of knowledge.

Normativity, Expertise and Epistemological Paternalism in the Philosophy of Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Alina O. Kostina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Publishing Research ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Armchair Philosophy ◽  
Methodology Of Science ◽  
Key Questions

For almost 50 years the journal Metaphilosophy has been publishing research on a wide range of philosophical issues from the fundamental questions of ontology, epistemology and the philosophy of science to applied studies on ethics, technology and STS. The following review focuses on a number of key questions that have become the stumbling block for investigations in epistemology, philosophy and methodology of science and STS. The spotlight here is on the issues of reestablishment of normativity in philosophy of science, related to the PSP turn; new perspectives on the “armchair philosophy” and the ex cathedra principle; the misuse of scientific data by the philosophers of science; experimental philosophy and the “undermined” authority of philosophical expertise; and also we’ll find out how epistemic paternalism may become a virtue of research practice.

scholarly journals CONFESSIONAL ONLINE EDUCATION (ORTHODOX SEGMENT)

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Olga Dobrodum
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
Online Education ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Christian Philosophy ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The Way

The World Wide Web has numerous resources devoted to enlightening, reading and interpreting concepts such as God, the world, man, self-knowledge, the faith of the parents, the Bible, the way of understanding, the tradition, theory and practice, Christian philosophy, culture, present and future, creativity, life and eternity. Cyberspace provides access to extensive and varied information about Orthodoxy for a wide range of users, being a guide and helper for anyone who wants to be acquainted with the world of Orthodox culture.

scholarly journals THE SIMPLICITY OF SELF-KNOWLEDGE AFTER AVICENNA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Adamson
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Object Of Knowledge

AbstractAlongside his much-discussed theory that humans are permanently, if only tacitly, self-aware, Avicenna proposed that in actively conscious self-knowers the subject and object of thought are identical. He applies to both humans and God the slogan that the self-knower is “intellect, intellecting, and object of intellection (‘aql, ‘āqil, ma‘qūl)”. This paper examines reactions to this idea in the Islamic East from the 12th-13th centuries. A wide range of philosophers such as Abū l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī, Faḫr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, al-Šahrastānī, Šaraf al-Dīn al-Mas‘ūdī, al-Abharī, al-Āmidī, and Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī raised and countered objections to Avicenna's position. One central problem was that on widely accepted definitions of knowledge – according to which knowledge is representational or consists in a relation – it seems impossible for the subject and object of knowledge to be the same. Responses to this difficulty included the idea that a self-knower is “present” to itself, or that here subject and object are different only in “aspect (i‘tibār)”.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document