Feelings and Frames

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-58
Author(s):  
Ellen Peters
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Financial Outcomes ◽  
Affect Heuristic ◽  
Numeric Information ◽  
Over Time

This chapter, “Feelings and Frames,” reviews research indicating that the less objectively numerate get carried away more by emotion, and they are more affected by how information is framed. In particular, they rely on the affect heuristic and use their feelings as a substitute for important numeric information. They are also more susceptible to attributes being framed positively or negatively (e.g., in terms of survival versus mortality or success versus failure) and to numeric risks being framed in frequency versus percentage formats (e.g., 9 versus 9% out of 100 people, respectively, will suffer a side effect). Their greater heuristic use means that they can evaluate information quickly and efficiently while making judgments that are generally good enough. However, they make small errors that may accumulate over time so that the less numerate experience less positive health, employment, and financial outcomes.

UK Fiscal Squeezes over a Century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hood ◽  
Rozana Himaz
Keyword(s):  
Data Sources ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Financial Outcomes ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Deficit Reduction ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Spending Cuts ◽  
Over Time

This chapter draws on historical statistics reporting financial outcomes for spending, taxation, debt, and deficit for the UK over a century to (a) identify quantitatively and compare the main fiscal squeeze episodes (i.e. major revenue increases, spending cuts, or both) in terms of type (soft squeezes and hard squeezes, spending squeezes, and revenue squeezes), depth, and length; (b) compare these periods of austerity against measures of fiscal consolidation in terms of deficit reduction; and (c) identify economic and financial conditions before and after the various squeezes. It explores the extent to which the identification of squeeze episodes and their classification is sensitive to which thresholds are set and what data sources are used. The chapter identifies major changes over time that emerge from this analysis over the changing depth and types of squeeze.

Impact of cetuximab on chemoradiation use in older patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6594-6594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrujal S. Baxi ◽  
Eric Jeffrey Sherman ◽  
Coral L Atoria ◽  
Nancy Y. Lee ◽  
David G. Pfister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Side Effect Profile ◽  
Advanced Head ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

6594 Background: The benefit of chemoradiation (CTRT) in the treatment of locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) declines in older and sicker patients. In 2006, the FDA approved cetuximab in LAHNC. Cetuximab with radiation has a perceived lower side effect profile compared to standard chemotherapies used in CTRT. Our objective was to examine the impact of cetuximab on the use of CTRT in elderly patients with LAHNC. Methods: We identified adults aged 66 and older diagnosed with LAHNC between 1999 and 2007 in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database. Treatment was categorized as CTRT or other based on Medicare claims within 6 months of diagnosis. We excluded patients who did not receive definitive treatment. In patients who had CTRT, we identified use of cetuximab based on drug-specific billing codes. We assessed trends in the use of CTRT over the entire study period and in the use of cetuximab since 2006. We examined the influence of age and comorbidity on the likelihood of receiving CTRT before and after 2006 adjusting for clinical and demographic factors. Results: We identified 4,809 patients with LAHNC. One-fourth were ≥80 years and almost a fifth had a Charlson comorbidity score (CCS) of ≥2. Overall more than 20% of patients received CTRT. The use of CTRT more than tripled over time, from 10% of patients diagnosed in 1999 to 38% in 2007 (p<0.0001 for trend). Of the 336 patients who had CTRT since 2006, 45% received cetuximab. Prior to 2006, patients ≥80 years or those with a CCS of ≥2 were significantly less likely to be treated with CTRT compared to younger patients or those with a CCS of 0. In patients diagnosed in 2006 or later, age and comorbidity no longer predicted the likelihood of receiving CTRT. Conclusions: In this population-based cohort of older adults, the use of CTRT increased substantially over time. The availability of cetuximab, with a perceived gentler side effect profile, may have increased the use of CTRT, especially in older and sicker patients. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals The polysemy of the words that children learn over time

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardino Casas ◽  
Neus Català ◽  
Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho ◽  
Antoni Hernández-Fernández ◽  
Jaume Baixeries
Keyword(s):  
Side Effect ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Syntactic Category ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Polysemous Words ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Here we study polysemy as a potential learning bias in vocabulary learning in children. Words of low polysemy could be preferred as they reduce the disambiguation effort for the listener. However, such preference could be a side-effect of another bias: the preference of children for nouns in combination with the lower polysemy of nouns with respect to other part-of-speech categories. Our results show that mean polysemy in children increases over time in two phases, i.e. a fast growth till the 31st month followed by a slower tendency towards adult speech. In contrast, this evolution is not found in adults interacting with children. This suggests that children have a preference for non-polysemous words in their early stages of vocabulary acquisition. Interestingly, the evolutionary pattern described above weakens when controlling for syntactic category (noun, verb, adjective or adverb) but it does not disappear completely, suggesting that it could result from a combination of a standalone bias for low polysemy and a preference for nouns.

scholarly journals Perception of Caring Among Patients and Nurses

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Thomas ◽  
Patricia Newcomb ◽  
Phylann Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Patient Experience ◽  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
Patient Perception ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Caring Behaviors ◽  
Financial Outcomes ◽  
Nurse Caring ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Background: Empirical evidence supports the contention that implementing caring nurse behaviors results in improved patient experience; however, previous studies find differences between patient and nurse perceptions of caring. Significance: Good patient experience is positively related to desired clinical and financial outcomes. Nurse caring is a critical component in the patient experience. Objective: The purposes of this project were to evaluate the congruency between nurse and patient perceptions of nurse caring in a long-term acute care hospital and to determine how much patient perception of nurse caring changes over time. Method: The study employed mixed methods using a triangulation strategy in which quantitative data from patients and qualitative data from nurses were collected simultaneously and compared for interpretation. Results: Time affected patient perception of caring significantly. Patients and nurses disagreed about the extent to which nurses ask patients what they know about their illnesses, help them deal with bad feelings, and make them feel comfortable. Conclusion: Patients and nurses do not always agree about the quality of caring behaviors, but exposure to nurses over time positively affects patient perception of nurse caring.

scholarly journals Acute Paraxanthine Ingestion Improves Cognition and Short-Term Memory and Helps Sustain Attention in a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3980
Author(s):  
Choongsung Yoo ◽  
Dante Xing ◽  
Drew Gonzalez ◽  
Victoria Jenkins ◽  
Kay Nottingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Psychomotor Vigilance ◽  
Over Time

This study examined the effects of acute paraxanthine (PXN) ingestion on markers of cognition, executive function, and psychomotor vigilance. In a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, and counterbalanced manner, 13 healthy male and female participants were randomly assigned to consume a placebo (PLA) or 200 mg of PXN (ENFINITY™, Ingenious Ingredients, L.P.). Participants completed stimulant sensitivity and side effect questionnaires and then performed the Berg Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (BCST), the Go/No-Go test (GNG), the Sternberg task test (STT), and the psychomotor vigilance task test (PVTT). Participants then ingested one capsule of PLA or PXN treatment. Participants completed side effect and cognitive function tests after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h after ingestion of the supplement. After 7 days, participants repeated the experiment while consuming the alternative treatment. Data were analyzed by general linear model (GLM) univariate analyses with repeated measures using body mass as a covariate, and by assessing mean and percent changes from baseline with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) expressed as means (LL, UL). PXN decreased BCST errors (PXN −4.7 [−0.2, −9.20], p = 0.04; PXN −17.5% [−36.1, 1.0], p = 0.06) and perseverative errors (PXN −2.2 [−4.2, −0.2], p = 0.03; PXN −32.8% [−64.4, 1.2], p = 0.04) at hour 6. GNG analysis revealed some evidence that PXN ingestion better maintained mean accuracy over time and Condition R Round 2 response time (e.g., PXN −25.1 [−52.2, 1.9] ms, p = 0.07 faster than PLA at 1 h), suggesting better sustained attention. PXN ingestion improved STT two-letter length absent and present reaction times over time as well as improving six-letter length absent reaction time after 2 h (PXN −86.5 ms [−165, −7.2], p = 0.03; PXN −9.0% [−18.1, 0.2], p = 0.05), suggesting that PXN enhanced the ability to store and retrieve random information of increasing complexity from short-term memory. A moderate treatment x time effect size (ηp2 = 0.08) was observed in PVTT, where PXN sustained vigilance during Trial 2 after 2 h (PXN 840 ms [103, 1576], p = 0.03) and 4 h (PXN 1466 ms [579, 2353], p = 0.002) compared to PL. As testing progressed, the response time improved during the 20 trials and over the course of the 6 h experiment in the PXN treatment, whereas it significantly increased in the PL group. The results suggest that acute PXN ingestion (200 mg) may affect some measures of short-term memory, reasoning, and response time to cognitive challenges and help sustain attention.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE SIDE EFFECT OF EXCESSIVE EXERCISE ACCORDING TO AYURVEDA WITH CONTEMPORARY MEDICAL SCIENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2592-2594
Author(s):  
Mayur Patel
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Bleeding Disorders ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Excessive Exercise ◽  
Health Related

Ayurved covers all the aspects of human healthy life for preventing and curing diseases. Exercise plays a key role to treat common and chronic health-related issues. Bruhatrayi has mentioned the definition and limits of proper exercise and the application of exercise for positive health. The present study was planned with the aim and objective to study the side effects of excessive exercise such as exhaustion, thirst, bleeding disorders, fever, breathlessness, cough, etc according to Ayurved and understanding with contemporary medical science. Bruhatrayi, journal research papers were materialized for study

scholarly journals Characteristics of Adults� Use of Facebook and the Potential Impact on Health Behavior: Secondary Data Analysis (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Bosak ◽  
Shin Hye Park
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Facebook Use ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND Social influences are a primary factor in the adoption of health behaviors. Social media platforms, such as Facebook, disseminate information, raise awareness, and provide motivation and support for positive health behaviors. Facebook has evolved rapidly and is now a part of many individuals' daily routine. The high degree of individual engagement and low attrition rate of this platform necessitate consideration for a potentially positive impact on health behavior. OBJECTIVE The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of Facebook by adults. Knowledge is limited to the unique characteristics of Facebook users, including time spent on Facebook by adults of various age groups. Characteristics of Facebook users are important to understand to direct efforts to engage adults in future health behavior interventions. METHODS Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this secondary analysis of existing de-identified survey data collected for the Pew Research Center. The sample included adults age 18-65 years and above. Binomial logistic regression was performed for the model of age group and Facebook use, controlling for other demographics. A multinomial logistic regression model was used for the variable of time spent on Facebook. Based on the regression models, we computed and reported the marginal effects on Facebook use and time spent of adults age groups, including age groups 18-29, 30-49, 50-64, and 65 and over. We discuss these findings in the context of the implications for promoting positive health behaviors. RESULTS The demographics of the final sample (N=730) included adults age 18-65 years and above (mean 48.2 yrs, SD 18.3 yrs). The majority of the participants were female (372/730, 50.9%), white (591/730, 80.9%) and non-Hispanic (671/730, 91.9%). Bivariate analysis indicated that Facebook users and nonusers differed significantly by age group (χ2=76.71, P<.001) and sex (χ2=9.04, P=.003). Among subjects aged 50 and above, the predicted probability was 66% for spending the same amount of time, 10% with increased time, and 24% with decreased time. CONCLUSIONS The key findings of this study were Facebook use among midlife and older adults was more likely to stay the same over time, compared to the other age groups. Interestingly, the young adult age group 18-29 years was more likely to decrease their time on Facebook over time. Specifically, younger females were most likely to decrease time spent on Facebook. In general, male participants were most likely to spend the same amount of time on Facebook. These findings have implications for future health intervention research, and ultimately, for translation to the clinic setting to improve health outcomes.

scholarly journals It Gets Better: Resolution of Internalized Homophobia Over Time and Associations with Positive Health Outcomes Among MSM

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1423-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Herrick ◽  
Ron Stall ◽  
Joan S. Chmiel ◽  
Thomas E. Guadamuz ◽  
Typhanye Penniman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Internalized Homophobia ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Psychological correlates of multimorbidity and disability accumulation in older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga ◽  
Davide Liborio Vetrano ◽  
Anna-Karin Welmer ◽  
Giulia Grande ◽  
Laura Fratiglioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Study ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Health Decline ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
High Life Satisfaction ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Abstract Background/Objectives attitudes toward life and health are emerging as important psychological contributors to health heterogeneity in ageing. We aimed to explore whether different psychological factors were associated with the rate of chronic disease and disability accumulation over time. Design population-based cohort study between 2001 and 2010. Setting Swedish National study on aging and care in Kungsholmen. Subjects adults aged 60 and older (N = 2293). Methods linear mixed models were employed to study the association of life satisfaction, health outlook, resistance to illness, sickness orientation, and health worry with the rate of accumulation of chronic diseases and impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Models were adjusted for demographic, clinical, social, personality and lifestyle factors. Analyses were repeated after excluding individuals with multimorbidity or disability at baseline. Results high life satisfaction and positive health outlook were consistently associated with a lower rate of accumulation and progression of multimorbidity (β −0.064 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.116, −0.011; β −0.065 95% CI −0.121, −0.008, respectively) and disability (β −0.063 95% CI −0.098, −0.028; β −0.042 95% CI −0.079, −0.004, respectively) over time. This was true even for people without multimorbidity or disability at baseline and after adjusting for all covariates. Conclusions positive attitudes toward life in general and health in particular may be especially important in old age, when the cumulative effects of biological and environmental deficits lead to accelerated health decline. These findings should encourage researchers to use measures of psychological well-being to better understand the multifactorial and diverse process of ageing.

scholarly journals Patient experiences with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. Bowman ◽  
Humam Saltaji ◽  
Carlos Flores-Mir ◽  
Brian Preston ◽  
Sawsan Tabbaa
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Patient Experiences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate patients' experiences with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FFRD). Methods: This was a survey focused on patient's comprehensive experience with FFRD, both initially and after several months of wear, including the patient's overall impression of the appliance. The survey was administered to 70 patients wearing FFRD in both university and private practice settings. Results: A high percentage (81.5%) reported a neutral to favorable experience with FFRD; 89.8% reported growing accustomed to the appliance within 4 weeks. The majority of those who had previously worn rubber bands found FFRD to be “easier.” Cheek irritation was the most serious side effect (about 50%). Cheek irritation and other negative effects generally decreased over time. Conclusions: The FFRD is relatively well accepted by patients. Most patients experience some discomfort and functional limitations; however, the effect generally diminishes with time, and patients adapt to the appliance. Practitioners should be especially vigilant about problems with cheek irritation.

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