Moral Talk Is Not Magic

Grandstanding ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Justin Tosi ◽  
Brandon Warmke
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Moral Talk

Moral talk is our primary means of bringing morality to bear on practical problems. It is an incredibly valuable tool for making the world a better place. Moral talk can be used well, but it can also be abused. Instead of using moral talk for morally worthy aims, many use it to humiliate, intimidate, and threaten people they dislike, impress their friends, feel better about themselves, and make people less suspicious of their own misconduct. This chapter introduces one common way of abusing moral talk: moral grandstanding, the use of moral talk for self-promotion.

scholarly journals Suggestive potential of political speeches of state leaders

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-27
Author(s):  
Olena Snytko
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Political Speeches

The paper examines the suggestive potential of political speeches of state leaders. The author argues that the greatest political addresses given at turning points in history demonstrate a programming effect and, consequently, are intended as texts with suggestive features. The current study proves that rhythm is the essential feature of a suggestive text. The rhythm is a complex phenomenon built on the balanced alternation or repetition of certain elements (formal and semantic). The distinctive rhythm for political address is established via lexical and, broader, semantic repetition of key verbal elements carrying dominant meanings which comprise two opposite functional textual groups via grammatical (morphological and syntactic) patterns or parallelism, accompanied by phonetic repetition. Such repetition serves the communicative-pragmatic purpose of the suggestor, namely, to consolidate the dominant meanings. The results of this study indicate that emotiogenic attributes (or qualifiers) aimed at emotional "charging" of the target audience are the primary means of suggestion. The texts of political speeches contain the elements of solemn rhetoric and pathetic appeal to the sacred forces. Political addresses of state leaders provide a strong impetus for creating meaningful public narratives favouring one or another political course of society. Furthermore, an informative political speech, which employs suggestive techniques, serves as a potent tool to exercise power over the target audience and as a means to shape public opinion and influence the mood in society. Finally, the political leader plays the role of an authoritative communicator who organizes, structures the individual's picture of the world, helps to resist communicative warfare and gives people a sense of order in a life of chaos.

Perception, epistemic issues in

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Sense Perception ◽  
Logical Possibility ◽  
Optical Illusions ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Sour Milk ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Way

We learn about the world through our five senses: by seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting and feeling. Sense perception is a primary means by which we acquire knowledge of contingent matters of fact. We can also acquire such knowledge by, for instance, conscious reasoning and through the written and spoken testimony of others; but knowledge so acquired is derivative, in that it must be based, ultimately, on knowledge arrived at in more primary ways, such as by sense perception. We can perceive something without acquiring any knowledge about it; for knowledge requires belief, and we can perceive something without having any beliefs about it. Viewing any but the most simple visual scenes we see many things we form no beliefs about. However, when we perceive something, we are acquainted with it by its sensorially appearing (looking, sounding, smelling and so on) some way to us. For we see something if and only if it looks some way to us, hear something if and only if it sounds some way to us, and so on. When, based on how they appear, we form true beliefs about things we perceive, the beliefs sometimes count as knowledge. Often the way something appears is the way it is. The red, round tomato looks red and round; the sour milk tastes sour. But the senses are fallible. Sometimes the way something appears is different from the way it is. Appearances can fail to match reality, as happens to various extents in cases of illusion. There are, for instance, optical illusions (straight sticks look bent at the water line) and psychological ones (despite being exactly the same length, the Müller-Lyer arrows drawings look different in length). In such cases, looks are misleading. The ever-present logical possibility of illusion makes beliefs acquired by perception fallible: there is no absolute guarantee that they are true. But that does not prevent them from sometimes counting as knowledge – albeit fallible knowledge. Recognitional abilities enable us to obtain knowledge about things from how they perceptually appear. Sense perception thus acquaints us with things in a way that contributes to positioning us to acquire knowledge about them. The central epistemic issues about sense perception concern its role in so positioning us.

Snomed® CT: The Fit with Classification in Health

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane J Aschman
Keyword(s):  
Information Management ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
New Work ◽  
Snomed Ct ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Systematized Nomenclature Of Medicine ◽  
Clinical Terminologies

Classification systems are the primary means for automated retrieval and analysis of healthcare data from individual patient medical records. This article will provide a brief history and overview of the two most comprehensive and advanced controlled clinical terminologies in the world: the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Reference Terminology (SNOMED® RT), and Clinical Terms Version 3 (CTV3). A discussion will follow of the merger of these two terminologies into a single new work, SNOMED® Clinical Terms (SNOMED® CT), as released in early 2002, how it is used to retrieve data, how it differs from a classification, and the opportunities open to health information management professionals to expand their roles as information managers through their knowledge of SNOMED CT.

“I have called you friends”: Toward a pedagogy of friendship in the classroom

2020 ◽  
pp. 193979092095190
Author(s):  
Noel Forlini Burt
Keyword(s):  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Spiritual Friendship ◽  
Contemporary Christian ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Paul Griffiths ◽  
Central Claim

Aelred of Rievaulx, a 12th-century Cistercian abbot, penned a powerful dialogue about the complexity of friendship titled Spiritual Friendship. Aelred’s central claim is that friendship is the primary means through which Christ’s love enters the world. In this article, I apply Aelred’s insights on spiritual friendship to argue that Christ is the Friend at the center of the classroom. In particular, I suggest pedagogical practices that facilitate friendship as a Christian virtue, compelling learners to befriend one another, to befriend the subject, and to befriend God. Aelred does not suggest that everyone whom we love is to be a spiritual friend. Rather, those whom we choose to befriend are to be tested caringly and critically for their adherence to virtue. With the help of my ancient, theologian friends (Aelred, Augustine) and my friends who are leading voices in contemporary Christian pedagogy (David Smith, James K. A. Smith, Paul Griffiths), I aim to teach students to empathize with authors (and other learners) with whom they disagree, even to befriend them, even as they test whether those ideas are to be drawn into friendship.

scholarly journals Cache Management for Web-Powered Databases

2005 ◽  
pp. 362-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Katsaros ◽  
Yannis Manolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
World Wide Web ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Cache Management ◽  
File Transfers ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Hypertext Transfer Protocol ◽  
The Web ◽  
Transfer Protocol

In recent years, the World Wide Web, or simply the Web (Berners-Lee, Caililiau, Luotonen, Nielsen, & Secret, 1994), has become the primary means for information dissemination. It is a hypertext-based application and uses the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) for file transfers.

Do We Have to Do Meaningful Work?

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Christopher Michaelson
Keyword(s):  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
World Today ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Means

Not enough people have decent work in the world today. Fewer still have work that they consider to be meaningful. Even among those people who have the power to choose their work, the absence of work that they consider to be meaningful adversely impacts their physical and emotional well-being—and a considerable portion of most adults’ waking hours are spent at work. Accordingly, work is a primary means by which most of us can experience meaningfulness in life. This chapter offers two arguments for why we have a moral obligation to pursue and practice meaningful work, if we have the autonomy to choose it.

Women, Sabotaj, and Underground Food Economies in Haiti

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
myron m. beasley
Keyword(s):  
Gender Performance ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Informal System ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Sponsored Programs ◽  
The World ◽  
Agency Support ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Masses

The movement of people and capital around the world necessitates that we explore the ways in which women interact with food through varying enterprises. Many of these activities are considered “off the books” or part of a shadow or underground economy. This alternative economic space usually involves otherwise law-abiding citizens who seek to provide for their families in ways that fall outside the formal economy. This ethnographic project examines four female street-food vendors of Jacmel, Haiti. This project considers what happens when the underground becomes the primary means of survival. Some could argue that the “informal system” reinforces a traditional patriarchy gender performance, yet the women reveal a system that sustains community and provides food for the masses in a more efficient and effective way than the government-sponsored programs while simultaneously encouraging a sense of agency, support, and a highly developed community networking system.

scholarly journals WAYS OF EXPRESSING DISAGREEMENT IN MEDIA TEXTS ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Roles ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Distinctive Aspect ◽  
Break Up ◽  
The Eu

In media text on international relations, disagreement between countries is presented metaphorically as a disagreement between people.The relation between metaphor and discourse is studied by Zinken and Musollf (2009). Mussolf studies metaphors related to the EU organized in “scenarios”. In his view, the thematic target (for instance, EU politics) is accessed through a source input for the metaphor complex (family/marriage/concepts) (Mussolf 2006) and this is “characterized by the dominance of a few traditional, gender-coded stereotypes of family roles” (Mussolf 2009: 1).The present paper traces the ways disagreement in the sphere of international relations is presented in the media.In this study, the observed patterns used to represent disagreement between countries are argument, disagreement, conflict, and fight. The level of disagreement varies depending on the metaphoric scenario used to represent it. It was observed that the strongest way of expressing disagreement is based on the “split up”, and “break up” scenario, followed by the “fight”, “conflict” and the “argument” scenario.In expressing disagreement in media text on international affairs, Lakoff’s STATE IS A PERSON metaphor (Lakoff 1990, 1995) is used. In Chilton and Lakoff’s view, metaphors are not mere words or fanciful notions, but one of our primary means of conceptualizing the world. As they have stated, a metaphor is “a means of understanding one domain of one’s experience in terms of another” (Chilton, Lakoff 1989). Member states are presented as people who quarrel and disagree over issues related to international relations or policies. Along with that metaphor, a place for the institution metonymy is used. As Barcelona has stated, proper names are often metonymic in origin, i. e. they refer to a circumstance or distinctive aspect linked to their referent (Barcelona 2004, 2005).The place for the institution metonymy is found in two variants: the country for the institution and the capital for the institution. For instance, a disagreement between the governments of two countries is presented as disagreement between their capitals, as in “Paris and Berlin fundamentally “disagree” on who should succeed Jean-Claude Juncker” (https://www.express.co.uk)”. The same situation is presented as a disagreement between countries: „Germany and France ‘DISAGREE’ over Juncker replacement” (ibid). In the abovementioned examples, an item from one of the two metonymic chains is juxtaposed to a corresponding item in the other chain:Paris (place name - capital) — Berlin (place name - capital)Germany (place name- country) — France (place name- country)It seems that names from one metonymic chain belonging to a certain class of names (country name, names of cities, capitals, regions, continents, etc.) are juxtaposed to names from another metonymic chain, belonging to the same class of names. However, there are texts in which this is not necessarily the case. A name of city (capital) is often juxtaposed to a name of a country, as in “Paris put its foot down, and won’t let Germany get its way” (www.politico.eu). Expressions may vary depending on the stregth of disagreement, ranging from “disagree”, “argue”, “conflict” to “fight’, “split up” and “break up”.

[Pause]

2020 ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Digital Games ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Eve Sedgwick ◽  
Dominant Discourses

This transitional chapter summarizes the arguments in part 1 of the book, seeing them as renditions of debates concerning the author, the audience, and the text. Part 1 also catered to what Eve Sedgwick calls a paranoid form of reading, one reliant upon exposing the realities behind dominant discourses of empire as the primary means to create change. Part 2, in contrast, will extend these arguments by seeing games not as utilities but as objects in the world that offer erotic experiences and nourish audiences in unexpected ways. This chapter lays the groundwork for part 2, which will attempt to show how digital games, as interactive forms of storytelling and play, measure pleasures and affects, attenuate gamers to bodily perceptions, and help perceive how power takes hold of one’s conduct, body, and frailty.

CUTWORM SYSTEMATICS: CONFUSIONS AND SOLUTIONS

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (S165) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Lafontaine
Keyword(s):  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In

AbstractConfusion in cutworm systematics pervades every level of their classification ranging from problems in defining them as a monophyletic group to problems with defining species. Classification provides the primary means of communication and prediction and is most effective when names are stable, and the classification is widely accepted and used, and reflects natural relationships. In cutworms, these requirements are not met: cutworm classification is not stable and use of names in different parts of the world is inconsistent; furthermore, the present cutworm classification does not reflect natural relationships. Instability in cutworm classification can be attributed to several factors: inconsistency in characters used to define groupings such as tribes and subfamilies; problems with defining species; and poor communication among workers. Problems with cutworm classification and progress being made in resolving these difficulties are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document