What Is in Our Power

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-168
Author(s):  
Han-luen Kantzer Komline
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Pelagian Controversy ◽  
Good Will ◽  
The Will ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 3 begins to look at how Augustine’s thought on the good will developed during the Pelagian controversy. It considers Augustine’s answers to the question of what is within human power with respect to the will by addressing two subsidiary questions: How much can people do to achieve a good will? and How much can people do to enact a good will, to carry through with the good they want even when their will is weak? Augustine’s conviction that human beings need God’s help for the latter remained constant throughout the Pelagian controversy. Over time, however, he understood the need for God’s electing grace for the former, to meet the preconditions of conversion, in more and more radical terms. This development was not a result of polemical exigency alone but the gradual outworking of decades of struggling with the writings of Paul following Augustine’s initial flash of insight in Ad Simplicianum.

God’s Gardening

2019 ◽  
pp. 169-222
Author(s):  
Han-luen Kantzer Komline
Keyword(s):  
Successive Stage ◽  
Specific Question ◽  
Lord's Prayer ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Pelagian Controversy ◽  
The Will ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 4 continues the analysis begun in chapter 3 of the Pelagian controversy, now turning attention to the specific question of how God impacts the will. It tackles this question in two parts. The first focuses on the theme of prayer. Throughout the Pelagian controversy, Augustine consistently points to prayer, especially the Lord’s Prayer, as evidence of God’s impact on the will. The Christian practice of prayer, as interpreted in scripture, is a key source for Augustine’s views about God’s impact upon the human will. The second part addresses how Augustine’s views develop over time. Whereas Augustine’s estimation of what is in human power with respect to good willing contracts over the course of the Pelagian controversy, his estimation of the extent of God’s role in effecting good human willing expands with each successive stage. Throughout the controversy, however, he views God’s aid as indispensible for right human willing.

The Redeemed Will

2019 ◽  
pp. 223-276
Author(s):  
Han-luen Kantzer Komline
Keyword(s):  
Pelagian Controversy ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Good Will ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Relationship

Chapter 5 continues to concentrate on developments during the Pelagian controversy, setting forth Augustine’s diverse responses to the question of what the will is under grace. Part I introduces two of Augustine’s central images: the everyday image of a root and the abstract image of the eye of the soul. Part II analyzes a number of other ways Augustine characterizes the good will. Part III assesses the relationship between the good will and the heart in Augustine’s thinking. The overall picture of the good will that emerges during the Pelagian controversy is presented in part IV. For Augustine, rather than having its own independently coherent character, the will is good in relation to God, its maker and redeemer.

Choice, Will, and Freedom

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
K. E. Løgstrup ◽  
Kees van Kooten Niekerk ◽  
Kristian-Alberto Lykke Cobos ◽  
Hans Fink ◽  
Bjørn Rabjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
The Self ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Good Will ◽  
Phenomenological Account ◽  
The Will ◽  
Conception Of The Good ◽  
Determinism And Indeterminism

Løgstrup gives a phenomenological account of the will, which holds that to will something is not to have a freedom of choice but rather to already have chosen, meaning that the will is always already engaged. The idea of a free will thus rests on a misconception of the concept of the will. This leads Løgstrup to discuss Kant’s conception of the good will, and he considers the discussion between Luther and Erasmus, where Løgstrup sides with Luther: human beings do not have a free will to choose the good, but rather the human will is bound to the self and therefore a will to do evil. Løgstrup examines the concept of will found in Descartes’s fourth meditation, before he turns to a discussion of the concept of will in Kierkegaard and the notion of ‘freedom of existence’. Finally is the problem of determinism and indeterminism.

Without the Power to Drink or Contract

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-48
Author(s):  
Warren Swain
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Over Time

Intoxication as a ground to set aside a contract is not something that has proved to be easy for the law to regulate. This is perhaps not very surprising. Intoxication is a temporary condition of varying degrees of magnitude. Its presence does however raise questions of contractual autonomy and individual responsibility. Alcohol consumption is a common social activity and perceptions of intoxication and especially alcoholism have changed over time. Roman law is surprisingly quiet on the subject. In modern times the rules about intoxicated contracting in Scottish and English law is very similar. Rather more interestingly the law in these two jurisdictions has reached the current position in slightly different ways. This history can be traced through English Equity, the works of the Scottish Institutional writers, the rise of the Will Theory, and all leavened with a dose of judicial pragmatism.

scholarly journals Joint Action without Mutual Beliefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Figà Talamanca
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cooperative Hunting ◽  
Mutual Awareness ◽  
Shared Practice ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Joint action among human beings is characterized by using elaborate cognitive feats, such as representing the mental states of others about a certain state of affairs. It is still debated how these capacities evolved in the hominid lineage. I suggest that the consolidation of a shared practice over time can foster the predictability of other’s behavior. This might facilitate the evolutionary passage from inferring what others might know by simply seeing them and what they are viewing towards a mutual awareness of each other’s beliefs. I will examine the case for cooperative hunting in one chimpanzee community and argue that it is evidence that they have the potential to achieve common ground, suggesting that the consolidation of a practice might have supported the evolution of higher social cognition in the hominid lineage.

Concept of  Mental Education: A Perspective of  Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-419
Author(s):  
Makmudi Makmudi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Integrated Curriculum ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Sexual Education ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Will ◽  
Life Education ◽  
The Mind

Man consists of two elements, namely body and spirit, so that human beings are jasiman and ruhiyah at once. Hummans are also part of one element of the elements that exist in an educational process. Three element include the soul, the mind, the heart, and the human body. Humman and education, can not be separated from each other. Both are an interconnected entity, human as the perpetrator and education as a syistem in the process to achieve the goal of education itself.  Mental health education requires alignment and harmony in various stages and sectors as well as attention to the three elements that exist in the human self that is the physical element (psychomotor) which includes body building, skill (skill) and sexual education, the spiritual element (affective) which includes the formation of faith, and iradah (the will), the element of reason (cognitive) which includes the coaching of intelligence and the provision of knowledge. The purpose of writing this research is to know and analyze thoughts about the concept of life education perspective Ibn Qayyim al-Jauziyyah. Soul education is considered successful, if one's soul has reached the degree of nafs muthmainnah, which has three main characteristics that mutually reinforce one another, namely; (1) a faithful soul to God, (2) a patient soul, (3) a soul that is self-serving to Allah (tawakal). Through the process of mental education which includes: the foundation of theology, the purpose of mental education, integrated curriculum / manhaj at-takamul, appropriate methods and applicable according to its stages, such as: takhliyah stages, tahliyah stages, muhasabah an-nafs, dzikrullah, and tahqiq 'ubudiyah. So that from the process will give birth ihsan attitude, and will increase the piety in worship, both related to God and those related to humans and the surrounding natural environment. Because, the essence of ihsan attitude itself is upholding 'ubudiyah.

DRESSES, FABRIC AND SPECIAL ITEMS AND VALUES OF THE OTTOMAN PADIŞAH AND BÜROKRATS (1670-1672)

ATLAS JOURNAL ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (40) ◽  
pp. 1740-1758
Author(s):  
Kayhan ATİK
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dress Code ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Special Items ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Structure ◽  
Over Time

The need for cover is a requirement in all parts of the world. More or less this need has been realized in almost every society. In addition, clothing is one of the basic needs of human beings. This basic need has become a pleasure over time, and the temporary innovation that has entered the life of society with the desire to dress completely or the need for change has turned into an excessive, common indulgence shown by the society for a certain period of time. When we evaluate clothing in terms of nations, it has gained very different meanings with the effect of the cultural structure of the society. Considering this situation in the context of civilizations, of course, we can say that it has presented a similar privilege. In short, every society has made its dress code suitable for its culture and civilization. As in the rest of the world, the robes, dresses, turbans and fabrics of the Ottoman sultans showed themselves clearly as an indicator of the position, wealth and status. Especially caftans, fabrics and patterns, each one is a masterpiece of art. Despite having a simple form according to researches, Ottoman caftans have a very magnificent appearance and beauty. The decorations made for these caftans, lining and moldings, fur ornaments, ornaments made with buttons are very perfect. These caftans have aroused the admiration of the whole world with their fabric, motif and splendor, and many researches have been done on these caftans, which have been exhibited and preserved in various local and foreign museums. The sultan's clothes in the Topkapı Palace Museum Sultan's Clothes Archive consist of approximately 2500 pieces. Most of these are hilat, robes and shalwars. In addition, although it is less, there are also children's (prince's) clothes, so there are no women's clothes. RESEARCH ARTICLE ATLAS Journal International Refereed Journal On Social Sciences e-ISSN:2619-936X Arrival Date : 19.03.2021 Published Date : 30.04.2021 2021, Vol:7, Issue:40 pp: 1740- 1758 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31568/atlas.676 ATLAS INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNAL ON SOCIAL SCIENCES Year: 2021 Vol:7 Issue: 40 1740 Here, 21 caftans belonging to Fatih Sultan Mehmet, 77 caftans belonging to Suleiman the Magnificent, 13 caftans belonging to I. Ahmet, II. 30 caftans belonging to Osman, IV. While it is known that there were 27 caftans belonging to Murat, the caftans belonging to six rulers before Fatih Sultan Mehmet were not mentioned by name. In this study, the money spent for the clothes of the sultan in the Archives of the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives, Topkapı Palace Museum, the cocks and dresses that the sultan had to buy from the council; In dâbü's-sâ, we will focus on the kafân, sarık, other items and values that are deserved by the landlords, the palace-i Atiq aghas, the boys, the Treasury, the cellar, the lords of the Voyage rooms and the people in charge. Keywords: Ottoman, Sultan, Bureaucrat, Clothes, Fabric, Special Items.

El parecer de Agustín del amor como gracia, en la controversia con Juliano de Eclana

Augustinus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Mathijs Lamberigts ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Decisive Factor ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Divine Love ◽  
Pelagian Controversy

During the Pelagian controversy, the precise relation between grace and free will was an important issue. Augustine emphasized the priority of grace over human beings’ free will after the Fall. Pelagians such as Julian of Aeclanum were of the opinion that such view annihilated human beings’ free will. Throughout history, time and again, scholars belonging to different schools and denomina­tions have discussed this issue at length. In this article, we concentrate on Augustine’s view on love as grace during his debate with Julian. We argue that one should broaden the scope of this question and pay attention to the role of divine love as an important and decisive factor with regard to the proper activity of grace in the redemption and liberation of human beings. Thinking the relation between human beings and God in terms of love is a help in order to overcome the unfruitful grace-freewill antinomy. In fact, such approach does justice to both the Scriptural sources of Augustine’s position and the bishop’s spiritual view on the topic under consideration.

scholarly journals Accelerated Evolution

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (04) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Adrian Bejan
Keyword(s):  
Human Movement ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Moving Mass ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Technology Evolution ◽  
Design Evolution ◽  
Vehicle Mass ◽  
Accelerated Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

This paper describes human application of their knowledge and technological ability to fly and continue to enhance that power. Through application of their knowledge and technological ability, human beings have evolved the ability to fly and continue to enhance that power. Aircraft technology evolution is about the evolving design of the human movement on the Earth’s surface: people, goods, materials, and everything else. As the whole vehicle or animal evolves toward becoming better at moving mass on the landscape, the organs remain imperfect, because each represents a compromise. The whole vehicle or animal is a construct of organs that are ‘imperfect’ only when examined in isolation. The vehicle design evolves over time and becomes a better construct for moving the vehicle mass on the world map. Flow architectures are evolving right now, throughout nature and in technologies. The legacy of all flow systems (animate and inanimate) is: they have moved weight horizontally and improved the efficiency of that movement because of design evolution.

scholarly journals Manivestasi Konsep (Sunatullah) Dalam Pendidikan (Suatu Kajian Teologis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
J Sutarjo ◽  
Nurwadjah Ahmad ◽  
Andewi Suhartini
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Education ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Education Curriculum ◽  
Practical Action ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Will ◽  
Entire Universe ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Theological Concept

One object of study of God is God's order for humans, commonly known as Sunatullah. Allah SWT as a substance that is the creator of all beings both human and the entire universe is one of the regularities of Allah SWT. Furthermore, the phenomenon of the order of God Almighty in His creation can be seen starting from the creation of humans and nature and their contents. In the level of theology, God's order for human beings (Sunatullah) is not limited to the regularities possessed by His creatures, but more than that, the various regularities that occur in creatures are the will of Allah SWT. Allah Almighty is the substance that wills, and controls the order in His creatures. Sunnatullah as a concept should be invested in Islamic education. Therefore it is necessary to understand about sunnatullah as something that must be believed, used as guidelines and translated at the level of education. After being translated into the education curriculum, the next task of education is to implement sunnatullah as a theological concept into a practical action for students.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document