Landscape and Space

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Art History ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
World Archaeology ◽  
Visual Cultures ◽  
The Silk Road

This volume addresses a subject central to both world archaeology and trans-cultural art history. Landscape has been a key theme in the last half-century at least in both disciplines, particularly in the study of painting in art history and in all questions of human intervention and the placement of monuments in the natural world, within archaeology. However, the representation of landscape has been rather less addressed in the scholarship of the archaeologically accessed visual cultures of the ancient world. The kinds of reliefs, objects, and paintings discussed have a significant purchase on matters concerned with landscape and space in the visual sphere but were discovered within archaeological contexts and by means of excavation. Through case studies focused on the invention of wilderness imagery in ancient China, the relation of monuments to landscape in ancient Greece, the place of landscape painting in Mesoamerican Maya art and the construction of sacred landscape across Eurasia between Stonehenge and the Silk Road via Pompeii, this book emphasizes the importance of thinking about models of landscape in ancient art and also the value of comparative approaches in underlining core aspects of the topic. Notably it focuses on questions of space, both actual and conceptual, including how space is configured through form and representation.

1. The History of the Practice of Strategy from Antiquity to Napoleon

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Heuser
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
European History ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Napoleon Bonaparte ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medieval Warfare ◽  
Philip Ii Of Spain

This chapter traces the history of the practice of strategy from Antiquity to Napoleon Bonaparte. It first considers various definitions of strategy before discussing episodes of European history since Antiquity for which historians claim to have found evidence of the practice of strategy. While focusing only on Europe, the chapter covers case studies over nearly 2,500 years, ranging from the wars of Ancient Greece, of the Romans to medieval warfare, the warfare of Philip II of Spain, Louis XIV of France, Frederick II of Prussia, the French Revolutionaries, and Napoleon. It also considers two sets of incremental changes that ultimately led to the transformation of warfare and of strategy: the growth, centralization, and diversifiation of the structure of European states; and technological innovation.

scholarly journals Art and History, 1969–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-586
Author(s):  
Peter Burke
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Art History ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Art Market ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

The 1960s and 1970s marked a turning point in the encounters between generalist historians and art historians regarding the study of art. Before that moment, art history, from its very inception as an independent department in universities, had been entirely distinct from the discipline of generalist history. However, three case studies—art and the Reformation, the rise of the art market, and the proliferation of political monuments—reveal the convergence between the two disciplines that has unfolded during the last half-century, culminating in recent discussions of agency and attempts to answer the question, What is Art?

scholarly journals Modeling and verification of contingency resolution strategies for multi-robot missions using temporal logic

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 172988141988569
Author(s):  
Shaurya Shriyam ◽  
Satyandra K Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Temporal Logic ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Assembly Process ◽  
Assembly Operations ◽  
Multiple Assembly ◽  
Multi Robot ◽  
Resolution Strategies

This article presents an approach for assessing contingency resolution strategies using temporal logic. We present a framework for nominal mission modeling, then specifying contingency resolution strategies and evaluating their effectiveness for the mission. Our approach focuses on leveraging the use of model checkers to the domain of multi-robot missions to assess the adequacy of contingency resolution strategies that minimize the adverse effects of contingencies on the mission execution. We consider missions with deterministic as well as probabilistic transitions. We demonstrate our approach using two case studies. We consider the escorting of a ship in a port where multiple contingencies may occur concurrently and assess the adequacy of the proposed contingency resolution strategies. We also consider a manufacturing scenario where multiple assembly stations collaborate to create a product. In this case, assembly operations may fail, and human intervention is needed to complete the assembly process. We investigate several different strategies and assess their effectiveness based on mission characteristics.

scholarly journals Evolution of Clustering Quantified by a Stochastic Method—Case Studies on Natural and Human Social Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7972
Author(s):  
G.-Fivos Sargentis ◽  
Theano Iliopoulou ◽  
Stavroula Sigourou ◽  
Panayiotis Dimitriadis ◽  
Demetris Koutsoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Organizational Needs ◽  
The Universe

Clustering structures appearing from small to large scales are ubiquitous in the physical world. Interestingly, clustering structures are omnipresent in human history too, ranging from the mere organization of life in societies (e.g., urbanization) to the development of large-scale infrastructure and policies for meeting organizational needs. Indeed, in its struggle for survival and progress, mankind has perpetually sought the benefits of unions. At the same time, it is acknowledged that as the scale of the projects grows, the cost of the delivered products is reduced while their quantities are maximized. Thus, large-scale infrastructures and policies are considered advantageous and are constantly being pursued at even great scales. This work develops a general method to quantify the temporal evolution of clustering, using a stochastic computational tool called 2D-C, which is applicable for the study of both natural and human social spatial structures. As case studies, the evolution of the structure of the universe, of ecosystems and of human clustering structures such as urbanization, are investigated using novel sources of spatial information. Results suggest the clear existence both of periods of clustering and declustering in the natural world and in the human social structures; yet clustering is the general trend. In view of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, societal challenges arising from large-scale clustering structures are discussed.

Contemporary Images of Hindu Bhakti: Identity and Visuality

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Amy-Ruth Holt ◽  
Karen Pechilis
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Art History ◽  
Communal Identity ◽  
History Writing ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Visual Cultures ◽  
Religion And Art ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Geographical Locations

Abstract Historians writing on modernity often remark on the power of the visual, appealing to Walter Benjamin's influential observation that ‘modernity under late capitalism is dominated, and haunted, by dream-images and commodified visual fetishes’ (Benjamin 1968; Levin 1993, p.23; Ramaswamy 2003, p.xiii). Yet, studies of bhakti commonly focus on the literature and biographies of the bhakti saints instead of its visual dimensions in art, material culture, and performance. In this special issue, scholars of religion and art history writing on diverse visual cultures, communities, and geographical locations under the umbrella of the contemporary era reveal two distinguishing features of bhakti. The first is bhakti's impetus to establish the artist's, devotee's, or saint's individual and communal identity that resituates today's religion. The second is bhakti's formation of emotive imagery with visual agency animated by participatory desires that inspire the creation and re-creation of imagery and performances that speak directly to the everyday. Identity and visuality, found together in contemporary bhakti imagery, shape our distinctive analysis and redirect Benjamin's original statement from postcolonial nation-building towards the vitality of devotional participation.

Study on the Relation between the Linked-Pearl Pattern and Weaving Technology in Ancient China

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 2093-2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
Textile Technology ◽  
Weaving Technology ◽  
The Silk Road

The linked-pearl pattern on fabric is a key to study on the transformation of the technique from weaving warp-faced patterns to weft-faced patterns in ancient China. However, the previous studies on the linked-pearl pattern on fabric were not very clear, and led to much misunderstanding. Some researchers believed that Chinese weavers did not master the technique of weft-faced patterns until Persian merchants introduced the brocades with a pattern featuring stringed ball into China along the Silk Road. Based on the studies on historical materials and archeological discoveries of the linked-pearl pattern on fabric, we hold that there are positive connections among the linked-pearl pattern, the technique of weaving weft-faced patterns and the draw loom. The dissemination of the linked-pearl pattern prompted the development of pattern design and the wide application of weft-faced pattern on fabric, even the invention of the draw loom which accelerated the development of textile technology in ancient China.

New perspectives on ancient science

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Ancient Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

Did science develop differently in different ancient civilisations, and if so, why? This article compares the development of medicine, mathematics and astronomy in ancient Greece and ancient China. It identifies certain significant differences in the way in which the problems were formulated and the aims and methods used to resolve them, and it relates these to the social institutions and values of the society within which the scientists work.

scholarly journals Is Art History of China Useless in a Pandemic?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng He Schöneweiß
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Art History ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Chinese Art ◽  
Life Crisis ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Core ◽  
Chinese Studies ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
History Of

The study of Chinese art has long been a specialised field bridging the disciplines of art history and Chinese studies. This essay challenges, as always in a real-life crisis, the usefulness of art history of China in the current Covid-19 pandemic. The agency of art historians is put under the historiographical grill. Through two brief case studies, the essay argues that art historians, though as mortal and fragile, are actually professionally equipped to strike the core consequences of the pandemic in its social, political, and cultural aspects.

scholarly journals Overlay Videos for Quick and Accurate Watermark Identification, Comparison, and Matching: Creating and Using Overlay Videos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Richard Johnson Jr. ◽  
William Sethares ◽  
Margaret Holben Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Art History ◽  
Image Manipulation ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Processing Software ◽  
Image Processing Software

Identifying, comparing, and matching watermarks in pre-machine-made papers has occupied scholars of prints and drawings for some time. One popular but arduous approach is to overlay, either manually or digitally, an image of the watermark in question with its presumed match from a known source. For example, a newly discovered watermark in a Rembrandt print might be compared to a similar one reproduced in Erik Hinterding’s Rembrandt as an Etcher (2006). Such an overlay can confirm the pair as identical, i.e., as moldmates, or reveal their differences. But creating an accurate overlay for two images with different scales, orientations, or resolutions using standard image-manipulation tools can be time consuming and, ultimately, unsuccessful. Part One of this article describes advances in the emerging field of computational art history, specifically the development of digital image processing software, that can be used to semi-automatically create a reliable animated overlay of two watermarks, regardless of their relative “comparability.” Watermarks found in the prints of Rembrandt van Rijn (1606–1669) are used in three case studies to demonstrate the efficacy of user-generated overlay videos. Part Two discusses how searching for identical watermarks, i.e., moldmates, can be enhanced through the application of a new suite of software programs that exploit the data calculated during the creation of user-generated animated overlays. This novel watermark identification procedure allows for rapid, confident watermark searches with minimal user effort, given the existence of a pre-marked library of watermarks. Using a pre-marked library of Foolscap with Five-Pointed Collar watermarks, four case studies present different categories of previously undocumented matches 1) among Rembrandt’s prints; 2) between prints by Rembrandt and another artist, in this case Jan Gillisz van Vliet (1600/10–1668); and 3) between selected Rembrandt prints and contemporaneous Dutch historical documents.

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