Political Disagreement, Arrogance, and the Pursuit of Truth

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-258
Author(s):  
Michael P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Political Disagreement ◽  
Two Factors

This chapter explores two contributing factors to cognitive polarization. The first is what is known as epistemic disagreement—or disagreement over what is known, who knows it, or how we know. Crucially, even the perception that such disagreement is widespread—whether or not it actually is—can be dangerous. The second factor is intellectual arrogance. This is arrogance about what we know or think we know; it is the kind of arrogance that tells whites they have nothing to learn about racism from people of color and that reassures those who believe they know more about infectious diseases than those who spend their lives studying them. The chapter also attempts to argue that these two factors can be mutually reinforcing. This makes them doubly dangerous, because by increasing cognitive polarization, they in turn undermine the democratic value of the pursuit of truth.

scholarly journals Loss and Gain in the Translation of Indonesian Novel Entitled “Cantik itu Luka” into “Beauty is a Wound”

HUMANIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
I Made Exis Wijaya ◽  
I Gst. Ayu Gede Sosiowati ◽  
Ni Ketut Widhiarcani Matradewi
Keyword(s):  
Information Gain ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
English Version ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Translation Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Loan Word

The change of meaning in translation, either in the form of loss or gain, is inevitable. The change is influenced by several factors. This study aims to examine two problems concerning the matter of change of meaning in translation, especially in information loss and gain, by using Kurniawan’s novel, Cantik itu Luka, and its English version, Beauty is a Wound as the reference. The first problem is about the loss and gain occurred in the translation, and the second is about the contributing factors. Both of the problems are analysed by using theory of translation. The first problem is analysed through the conception of loss and gain formulated by Larson (1998); the second is analysed with the conception of translation factor from Catford (1965). In collecting the data, the method used was documentation method, with note-taking technique. The comparison method is used in analysing the data. Based on the analysis that has been done, it can be concluded that loss appears mainly because of the replacement of the source language units with a cultural substitute or related equivalent that cannot represent the whole meaning components. Information gain appears from the change of implicit nuance of the source language unit into explicit, like in the modification of loan word. The contributing factors are both linguistic and cultural. The two factors intertwine with one another in influencing the loss and gain.

scholarly journals STATUS GIZI ANAK USIA 24 - 59 BULAN (Studi Analitik Di Puskesmas Wangi-Wangi Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyun Firdawati ◽  
Arlin Adam ◽  
Andi Alim
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
The South ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children ◽  
Relationship Of

Masalah gizi di Indonesia, sebagai mana halnya dengan negara-negara berkembang lainnya pada anak sangat dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor yaitu asupan makanan dan penyakit infeksi. Faktor konsumsi makanan merupakan penyebab langsung dari kejadian gizi buruk pada balita.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan gizi, pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi, penyakit infeksi, dan pendapatan keluarga dengan status gizi anak usia 24 – 59 bulan di Puskesmas Wangi-Wangi Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Puskesmas Wangi-Wangi Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi dengan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan analitik pada 72 responden yang memenuhi kriteria yang dilaksanakan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner sebagai acuan pertanyaan. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa ada hubungan antara asupan gizi, penyakit infeksi, pengetahuan ibu dan pendapatan keluarga dengan status gizi anak usia 24 – 59 bulan di Puskesmas Wangi-Wangi Selatan Kabupaten Wakatobi dengan nilai p = 0,000. Disarankan kepada petugas Puskesmas agar perlu dilakukan upaya perbaikan gizi pada anak balita, melalui penyuluhan mengenai pentingnya asupan zat gizi kepada anak balita, dan memberitahukan kepada ibu pentingnya rutin ke puskesmas.Kata-kata kunci: Status gizi, asupan gizi, pengetahuan ibu, penyakit infeksi, pendapatan keluargaABSTRACTNutritional problems in Indonesia, as well as other developing countries in children are strongly influenced by two factors, namely food supply and infectious diseases. Food consumption factor is a direct cause of the incidence of malnutrition in infants. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of nutritional supplay, knowledge of mothers about nutrition, infectious diseases, and family income with the nutritional status of children aged 24 – 59 months at the South Wangi-Wangi health center District of Wakatobi. This research was conducted in South Wangi-Wangi health center in Wakatobi District with quantitative research method with analytical approach in 72 respondents who meet the criteria implemented through interviews using questionnaires as Reference questions. The results showed that there was a relationship between nutritional intake, infectious diseases, mother knowledge and family income with nutritional status of children aged 24 – 59 months at the South Wangi-Wangi Health center of Wakatobi regency with a value P = 0.000. It is recommended to the health center officers to be done efforts to improve nutrition in children, because there are still many children who have a lack of energy intake and protein, by increasing the awareness of toddler mothers through About the importance of nutrient supply to children, and inform the mother of the importance of routine to the health center.Keywords: nutritional Status, nutritional supplay, maternal knowledge, infectious diseases, family income

scholarly journals Continuation of clozapine treatment: practice makes perfect

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 211-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eromona Whiskey ◽  
Til Wykes ◽  
Denise Duncan-McConnell ◽  
Elke Haworth ◽  
Nick Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drop Out ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Aims and MethodThe study aimed to identify the predictors of drop-out from clozapine treatment by examining the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients registered on clozapine within a 6-month period in one NHS Trust.ResultsDuring the study period, 54 patients were registered and began clozapine treatment and 31% had discontinued within 6 months. Two people died and the remainder discontinued because of non-compliance or side-effects, including neutropenia. Two factors were predictive: the age of the patient (older patients were more likely to discontinue) and the hospital where the initial registration was made.Clinical ImplicationsNeither ethnicity, previous registration nor the individual prescriber are a bar to successful persistence with clozapine. However, one set of hospitals with a history of evidence-based practice and high clozapine prescribing was more successful in retaining patients on maintenance treatment. Although specific data are needed to identify more subtle contributing factors to continuation, it is clear that there is scope for improving the rate of persistence with clozapine treatment.

scholarly journals Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia — clinical case report, literature review, and differential diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benito Benitez ◽  
Julia Mülli ◽  
Alexandar Tzankov ◽  
Christoph Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Fatty Tissue ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Background Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is a rare self-limiting condition of the oral mucosa. The lesion manifests as an isolated ulcer that can be either asymptomatic or associated with mild to severe pain, and in most cases, it affects the tongue. TUGSE lesions may mimic malignancy such as squamous cell carcinoma, CD30 positive lymphoproliferative disorder, or infectious diseases such as primary syphilis, tuberculosis, or Epstein-Barr virus mucocutaneous ulcer. Histologically dominating cells are lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosinophils. Case presentation We describe a TUGSE case of a patient with a solitary ulcer on the lower left retromolar buccal plane. Upon presentation, the patient reported a swelling on the buccal mucosa of the left lower jaw since 1 year with rapid growth over the last days and mild pain while chewing. The diameter of the intraoral lesion on the lower left retromolar buccal plane was approximately 4 × 3 cm; the lesion presented as indurated base with a central superficial ulceration of 2 × 1 cm, indicative for a malignant process. Histologically, the ulceration showed an expanding, infiltrative, and vaguely granulomatous morphology, involving the superficial mucosa and the fatty tissue, and extended between the deep striated muscle fibers. The lesion was rich in lymphocytes, histiocytes, and eosionophils intermingled with activated T-blasts without phenotypic abnormalities. TUGSE was then diagnosed based on the phenotype (especially the lacking expression of CD30, the retained T-cell phenotype, and the absence of Epstein-Barr virus), the clinical presentation, and the morphology. Twenty-six months after diagnosis, no recurrence of the ulceration was seen. Conclusions As TUGSE may mimic malignancy or infectious diseases, biopsy is mandatory and should be combined with thorough clinical examination. A screening for infectious diseases (mainly syphilis, Epstein-Barr virus, and HIV infections) must be performed routinely. In most cases, the lesions resolve spontaneously, obviating the need of further actions other than clinical follow-up. The pathogenesis of TUGSE lesions is still under debate, although local traumatic events and a locotypic immune response have been suggested to be major contributing factors.

Recursive Bivariate Probit Analysis of Injury Severity and Non-Truck Improper Actions in Large Truck-Related Crashes on Florida Suburban Roads

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199714
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Abhijit Vasili ◽  
Runan Yang ◽  
Pei-Sung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Truck Driver ◽  
Bivariate Probit ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Recursive Bivariate Probit ◽  
Annual Average Daily Traffic ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Two Factors

This study investigated the hierarchical connection among injury severity, non-truck improper actions, and contributing factors in large-truck-involved crashes. Data for 4 years (2011–2014) of crashes that involved a large truck (≥ 10,000 lb) and a non-truck vehicle were collected from suburban roads in Florida, U.S. A recursive bivariate probit model was fitted with collected data to identify the cause-effect chain, including contributing factors influenced by improper actions, the effects of improper actions on injury severity, and contributing factors indirectly affecting injury severity in large-truck-related crashes. Study results indicate that non-truck vehicle improper actions, such as excessive speed, careless driving, failure to yield right-of-way, and others, significantly increase the likelihood of fatal and severe injury in large-truck crashes, and factors such as crash month, darkness, intersection-related, surface and shoulder width, truck parking, truck driver age, non-truck driver age, and non-truck alcohol/drug impaired indirectly influence injury severity through their impacts on non-truck improper actions. Two factors—truck right-turn and non-truck driver physical defects—affect injury severity and non-truck improper actions simultaneously. Other factors, including crash year, annual average daily traffic, speed limit, crash type, truck type, truck speed, truck alcohol/drug-impaired, and motorcycle involvement, directly contribute to injury severity in large-truck crashes and have no influence on non-truck improper actions.

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Shirazi ◽  
Zulkifli Yusop ◽  
N. H. Zardari ◽  
Z. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Different Doses

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of wheat cv. Kanchan (Triticum aestivumL.). The experiment includes two factors such as four irrigation regimes and four nitrogen levels. Three farmer’s fields were selected for experimentation as replication. Yield and yield contributing factors were significantly affected by irrigation regimes and different doses of nitrogen. Maximum grain yield of 2.27 t ha−1by the application of 200 mm irrigation treatment. Interaction between 200 mm irrigation and 120 kg N ha−1was the best combination treatment.

scholarly journals Clinical Complexity in Medicine: A Measurement Model of Task and Patient Complexity

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Weir ◽  
G. Del Fiol ◽  
R. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Clinical Infectious Disease ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
University Of Utah ◽  
Clinical Complexity ◽  
Patient Complexity

SummaryBackground: Complexity in medicine needs to be reduced to simple components in a way that is comprehensible to researchers and clinicians. Few studies in the current literature propose a measurement model that addresses both task and patient complexity in medicine. Objective: The objective of this paper is to develop an integrated approach to understand and measure clinical complexity by incorporating both task and patient complexity components focusing on the infectious disease domain. The measurement model was adapted and modified for the healthcare domain. Methods: Three clinical infectious disease teams were observed, audio-recorded and transcribed. Each team included an infectious diseases expert, one infectious diseases fellow, one physician assistant and one pharmacy resident fellow. The transcripts were parsed and the authors independently coded complexity attributes. This baseline measurement model of clinical complexity was modified in an initial set of coding processes and further validated in a consensus-based iterative process that included several meetings and email discussions by three clinical experts from diverse backgrounds from the Department of Biomedical Informatics at the University of Utah. Inter-rater reliability was calculated using Cohen’s kappa. Results: The proposed clinical complexity model consists of two separate components. The first is a clinical task complexity model with 13 clinical complexity-contributing factors and 7 dimensions. The second is the patient complexity model with 11 complexity-contributing factors and 5 dimensions. Conclusion: The measurement model for complexity encompassing both task and patient complexity will be a valuable resource for future researchers and industry to measure and understand complexity in healthcare.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitudes of Academicians Towards Organ Donation: A Concept Paper

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Liatul Izian Ali Husin ◽  
Noorizan Mohamad Mozie ◽  
Norfazlina Ghazali ◽  
Nor Azmaniza Azizam
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

The purpose of this paper is to examine the contributing factors towards the intention to become an organ donor. The literature reviews on the main issues about the awareness of public about organ donation. In Malaysia only 420,601 pledgers of organ donation which is equivalent to 1.3 percent of the total population of Malaysia. This figures in not sufficient to meet the demand from patients in the organ waiting list. Literature reported that the level of awareness in Malaysia is still low. Low organ donation rates have been linked to a lack of public awareness and knowledge about organ donation.  In order to get a better insight of what factors that may contribute to the intention of a person to become an organ donor, this paper, based on the past literature propose two factors: Knowledge and attitude as the predictor variables towards intention. The study intends to collect data from the academician in the Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor.

scholarly journals Continuation of clozapine treatment: practice makes perfect

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (06) ◽  
pp. 211-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eromona Whiskey ◽  
Til Wykes ◽  
Denise Duncan-McConnell ◽  
Elke Haworth ◽  
Nick Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drop Out ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Treatment Practice ◽  
Clozapine Treatment ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

Aims and Method The study aimed to identify the predictors of drop-out from clozapine treatment by examining the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients registered on clozapine within a 6-month period in one NHS Trust. Results During the study period, 54 patients were registered and began clozapine treatment and 31% had discontinued within 6 months. Two people died and the remainder discontinued because of non-compliance or side-effects, including neutropenia. Two factors were predictive: the age of the patient (older patients were more likely to discontinue) and the hospital where the initial registration was made. Clinical Implications Neither ethnicity, previous registration nor the individual prescriber are a bar to successful persistence with clozapine. However, one set of hospitals with a history of evidence-based practice and high clozapine prescribing was more successful in retaining patients on maintenance treatment. Although specific data are needed to identify more subtle contributing factors to continuation, it is clear that there is scope for improving the rate of persistence with clozapine treatment.

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