Ridiculous Beliefs, Irresponsible Beliefs, and Anti-skeptical Evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Michael Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Good Evidence ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Additional Problem ◽  
Radical Skepticism ◽  
The Third ◽  
Justified Belief ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

This chapter identifies three more potential problems (in addition to the one discussed in Chapter Nine) for the commonsense intuitionist particularist response to radical skepticism laid out in Chapters Six through Eight, and argues that none of these three alleged problems constitutes an insurmountable objection to commonsense anti-skepticism. The first additional problem is the Problem of Ridiculous Beliefs, according to which noninferential anti-skepticism is committed to approving of a way of responding to skepticism even if that way of responding to skepticism were used to defend ridiculous beliefs. The second is the Problem of Irresponsible Beliefs, according to which unperturbed persistence in endorsing beliefs undefended by argument (e.g. perceptual beliefs), in the face of obvious skeptical possibilities, is epistemically irresponsible. The third is the Problem of Anti-skeptical Evidence, which objects to the view (endorsed by the intuitionist particularism laid out in Chapters Six through Eight) that many of our justified beliefs in anti-skeptical propositions are based on good evidence. The worry behind this last alleged problem is that, even if people can have justified belief in anti-skeptical propositions (i.e. propositions that assert the falsity of radical skeptical hypotheses), there are good reasons for concluding that these sorts of beliefs cannot be based on good evidence. The chapter concludes that, after careful examination of all three problems, commonsense intuitionist particularism emerges unscathed.

scholarly journals Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi

2021 ◽  
pp. 339-336
Author(s):  
Zeynep Atbaş
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Art ◽  
Book Illustration ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Veil ◽  
The One

"Ottoman sultans showed a great interest in books; on the one hand, they had their palace workshops prepare manuscripts ornamented with unique illustrations and illuminations; on the other hand, they collected books created in other locations of the Islamic world through various means, such as, gifting, looting, and purchasing. The subject of this article involves the artistic manuscripts from the Ilkhanid era that entered the Topkapı Palace Treasury. Most manuscripts in the Topkapı Palace Library consist of copies and sections (juz’) of the Koran. With their illumination and binding, these large-format books designed by the skillful illuminators and bookbinders of the Ilkhanid era are early fourteenth-century masterpieces of Islamic art of the book. Among these are Koran sections prepared for the famous Ilkhanid ruler, Sultan Uljaytu Khodabanda, and the renowned vizier, Rashid al-Din. Some examples were written by the most illustrious Islamic calligraphers, Yaqut al-Musta’simi and Arghun Kamili, illuminated by the famous artist of the era who worked in Baghdad, Muhammad b. Aybak b. Abdallah, and bound by bookbinder Abd al-Rahman. The Ilkhanid era was also a time when fascinating and important manuscripts were prepared in terms of book illustration. Two of the three Mongol-era manuscripts in the Topkapı Palace collection are copies of the Jami’at-Tawarikh—a general history of the world prepared by a commission led by the vizier Rashid al-Din under the order of the Ilkhanid ruler Ghazan Khan— while the third is a copy of the Garshaspnama. In addition, some paintings that appear in one of the palace albums belong to a volume of the Jami’at-Tawarikh on the history of Mongol khans, which has not survived. The significant and unique paintings of the Ilkhanid era are the Miʿrajnama paintings made by Ahmed Musa featured in the album prepared for Bahram Mirza, the brother of the Safavid sultan, Shah Tahmasp. The preface of the album written by Dust Muhammad refers to the famous painter Ahmed Musa, who lived in the era of the Ilkhanid ruler Abu Said, to have “removed the veil from the face of painting and invented the painting that was popular in that era.” In addition, the author states that he illustrated a Miʿrajnama. However, only the eight album pages with miʿraj images have survived this work. Through their bindings, illuminations, calligraphy, and illustrations, Ilkhanid era manuscripts from the Topkapı Palace constitute a vital collection that demonstrates the advanced level reached by the arts of the book during this era. "

Jewish Frontkämpfer and the Nazi Volksgemeinschaft

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-116
Author(s):  
Michael Geheran
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Other ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The One

This chapter examines the changes to Jewish war veterans' legal status after the Nuremberg Laws in 1935 and the ways in which many of these men tried to retain their sense of Germanness in the face of intensifying state-sponsored terror and persecution. Although the Nazis succeeded in banning Jews from the civil service and most veterans' organizations, this did not mean that Jewish veterans were abruptly cast to the margins of German public life. Not all Germans shared Himmler's radical vision of a racially purified Volksgemeinschaft. This inconsistency in experience — persecution on the one hand, and limited solidarity with the German public on the other — obscured the gravity of the Nazi threat, leading many Jewish veterans to contemplate accommodation with the Third Reich.

Cultural Geography

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garth A. Myers ◽  
Patrick McGreevy
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
Cultural Geography ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Face ◽  
Inquiry Method ◽  
The One ◽  
Cross Fertilization

. . . We have not really prescribed limitations of inquiry, method, or thought upon our associates. From time to time there are attempts to the contrary, but we shake them off after a while and go about doing what we most want to do. . . . We thrive on cross-fertilization and diversity. Sauer (1956) You can’t go wrong when you call something cultural, for it is the one term that, without necessarily specifying anything, carries the full weight of all possible forms of specificity. Gallagher (1995: 307) . . . Both these quotations, one recent and one nearly a half-century old, point to the monumental task before us in attempting to report on the progress of cultural geography over the past dozen years. Many things get called cultural geography, for many different reasons, with varying purposes in mind. Different people who consider themselves cultural geographers often have wildly different ideas of what this label means, as well as radically different approaches to what they do. We cannot pretend to encompass the whole of this body of work, and we must admit as much at the outset. Instead, let us begin with the specialty group itself, since it provides some focus and continuity for taking stock of the subfield. The Cultural Geography Specialty Group’s membership has increased slowly but steadily since the group’s inception in the late 1980s. With 465 members, the CGSG was, as of 2000, the Association of American Geographers’ fourth-largest specialty group out of fifty-seven, behind the GIS, Urban Geography, and Remote Sensing groups. In terms of topical proficiency among AAG members, cultural geography looms even larger. Cultural geography is the third most frequently claimed area of proficiency, behind only GIS and Urban Geography, with 848 practicing professionals, or 13 per cent of the AAG membership. And, given Gallagher’s and Sauer’s points, the number of people who might be claimed by someone as cultural geographers would be much larger than this. Reflecting on these numbers, it appears that, far from being a moribund subfield dying out in the face of a technological revolution in the discipline, cultural geography, however it may be defined, is actually flourishing on the eve of a new millennium.

scholarly journals MENGHADAPI PERSAINGAN PENYELENGGARA IBADAH HAJI KHUSUS (PIHK) DAN PENYELENGGARA PERJALANAN IBADAH UMRAH (PPIU) DI KALIMANTAN SELATAN MELALUI STRATEGI SIKLUS HIDUP PRODUK

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Devi Noviyanti
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Product Life ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
Life Cycle Strategy ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One

As country with majority population of Muslims, Indonesia has provided a great opportunity for Organizers of the Special Hajj Worship (Penyelenggara Ibadah Haji Khusus-PIHK) and Organizers of the Umrah Worship Tour (Penyelenggara Perjalanan Ibadah Umrah-PPIU) to serve the people that want to departing the Hajj in a faster time. This opportunity because of the high interest of the Indonesian people to perform the Hajj worship, which has led to the long waiting of period for the Hajj worship through the regular Hajj. The province of South Kalimantan, which is the one of province with the third longest regular hajj waiting period time, provides extensive potential for PIHK and PPIU to carry out activities in order to provide services for special hajj and umrah. Therefore, it is important to do various strategies by PIHK and PPIU in South Kalimantan in the face of competition, one of them is through the product life cycle strategy (product life cycle)

scholarly journals Refleksje na temat książki Sebastiana Fikusa „Trudny spadek dysydentów III Rzeszy w Republice Federalnej Niemiec”

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
Maria Zmierczak
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Other ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The Third ◽  
Death Sentences ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The One

REFLECTIONS ON SEBASTIAN FIKUS’S TRUDNY SPADEK DYSYDENTÓW III RZESZY W REPUBLICE FEDERALNEJ NIEMIEC DIFFICULT LEGACY OF THE THIRD REICH’S DISSIDENTS IN FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANYThe reviewed book contains a description of state policy towards the German opponents of Hitler’s regime after the fall of the Third Reich. The death sentences of military courts, Volksgericht and special war courts were treated as legal and the victims and their descendants were not vindicated until 2009. It means that they figured as criminals for more than 50 years. The author suggests that this was connected mainly with economic reasons and the need to restore the national economy. The commentary of the reviewer underlines the importance of other aspects: on the one hand, it was not easy to declare that the Federal Republic of Germany is a new state and to break the continuity of state, especially in the face of the existing German Democratic Republic. On the other hand, it is not easy to declare that the law was not legal, and to punish judges or officers who had acted according to the legal prescriptions; not to mention the old sentence lex retro non agit. 

Introduction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Radical Skepticism ◽  
Epistemological Disjunctivism ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rational Support ◽  
The One ◽  
Rational Evaluation

This introductory chapter argues that integrating epistemological disjunctivism with Wittgenstein's radical account of the structure of rational evaluation can solve the problem of radical skepticism. On the face of it, these proposals look very different; indeed, they look antithetical and competing. Whereas the one proposal emphasizes the locality of rational evaluation, and hence rational support, the other emphasizes the strength of the rational support available to us in paradigm conditions, in that it is factive. But these differences are superficial, the chapter asserts. In fact, these proposals work very well with each other, in that they are not only compatible, but also mutually supporting and philosophically in the same spirit.

scholarly journals Recognition of a Face in a Mixed Document

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Lhoussaine Bouhou ◽  
Rachid El Ayachi ◽  
Mohamed Fakir ◽  
Mohamed Oukessou
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Input Image ◽  
Human Face ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Human Machine Interaction ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
Classification Tool ◽  
Machine Interaction

Face recognition is the field of great interest in the domaine of research for several applications such as biometry identification, surveillance, and human-machine interaction…This paper exposes a system of face recognition. This system exploits an image document text embedding a color human face image. Initially, the system, in its phase of extraction, exploitis the horizontal and vertical histogram of the document, detects the image which contains the human face. The second task of the system consists of detecting the included face in other to determine, with the help of invariants moments, the characteristics of the face. The third and last task of the system is to determine, via the same invariants moments, the characteristics of each face stored in a database in order to compare them by means of a classification tool (Neural Networks and K nearest neighbors) with the one determined in the second task for the purpose of taking the decision of identification in that database, of the most similar face to the one detected in the input image.

The Nairobi Tradition of Literature

PMLA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 1548-1551
Author(s):  
Godwin Siundu
Keyword(s):  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

I Have Taught Literature at the University Of Nairobi Since 2009. Previously, I Taught at Masinde Muliro University and at Moi University. From my experience at the three universities, I can trace, in hindsight, two dominant influences on my knowledge of literature and expectations of how it ought to be conceived and taught. First is my graduate training at Moi University, in Kenya, and at the University of the Witwatersrand, in South Africa, where I was encouraged to see literature as a broad discipline that speaks to others in the humanities and in the social and natural sciences in terms of concerns, research methodology, and, especially, analytic tools. The second influence is the academic composition and orientation of the literature departments, as shaped by the politics of development. In the face of two competing forces—on the one hand, the Kenyan government and its preoccupation with development as an ideal and a pretext for de-emphasizing the teaching of some humanities disciplines and, on the other, the neoliberal political economy that gave rise to nongovernmental organizations' setting the scholarship research agenda in Kenya—literary academics seemed to be torn three ways: using the discipline and their knowledge of it to position themselves for government appointments, pursuing nongovernmental-organizations-funded research, or continuing to teach literature in the ways that they know. Those who chose the third option were also equipped with an institutional memory of the discipline as they were taught, the department, and its practices. Because, of these three groups, I have interacted the most with members of the third, my reflections here focus on them exclusively.

Alkohol im Tank – Bio-Kraftstoffe und die Grenzen moderner Mobilität

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
Hartwig Berger
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
The Third ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The One ◽  
The Third World

The article discusses the future of mobility in the light of energy resources. Fossil fuel will not be available for a long time - not to mention its growing environmental and political conflicts. In analysing the potential of biofuel it is argued that the high demands of modern mobility can hardly be fulfilled in the future. Furthermore, the change into using biofuel will probably lead to increasing conflicts between the fuel market and the food market, as well as to conflicts with regional agricultural networks in the third world. Petrol imperialism might be replaced by bio imperialism. Therefore, mobility on a solar base pursues a double strategy of raising efficiency on the one hand and strongly reducing mobility itself on the other.

Al-Rasm al-ʿUthmānī: Towards Correct Pronunciation and the Preclusion of Ambiguity

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-171
Author(s):  
Nāṣir Al-Dīn Abū Khaḍīr
Keyword(s):  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Correct Pronunciation ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind

The ʿUthmānic way of writing (al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī) is a science that specialises in the writing of Qur'anic words in accordance with a specific ‘pattern’. It follows the writing style of the Companions at the time of the third caliph, ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān, and was attributed to ʿUthmān on the basis that he was the one who ordered the collection and copying of the Qur'an into the actual muṣḥaf. This article aims to expound on the two fundamental functions of al-rasm al-ʿUthmānī: that of paying regard to the ‘correct’ pronunciation of the words in the muṣḥaf, and the pursuit of the preclusion of ambiguity which may arise in the mind of the reader and his auditor. There is a further practical aim for this study: to show the connection between modern orthography and the ʿUthmānic rasm in order that we, nowadays, are thereby able to overcome the problems faced by calligraphers and writers of the past in their different ages and cultures.

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