Knowledge and Knowing that p; “Knowledge” and “Knowing that p”

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Jody Azzouni
Keyword(s):  
Mass Noun ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Mass Terms ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Way

The usage-fact differences between uses of “S knows p,” and “knowledge,” a mass noun, are described. “Knowledge” isn’t factive (a lot of a person’s knowledge can be wrong), and it is contextually sensitive in just the way that mass terms usually are. The knowledge someone (a child) has can be a lot whereas the same knowledge of someone else (an adult) is not a lot. A lot of the knowledge that someone has can be wrong and yet still be knowledge. “Knowledge” is thus open to grading in a way that “know” isn’t. Peter can know more than Sam. This is a use of a verb form derived from the noun “knowledge.” But this is not true when Sam knows p. Sam cannot know p better than Peter knows p. If “know” is contextually sensitive, it’s shown that the word isn’t so in a way like any other contextually sensitive verb.

scholarly journals Civil Religion or Nationalism? The National Day Celebrations in Norway

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Pål Ketil Botvar
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
General Population ◽  
Civil Religion ◽  
Religious Nationalism ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Way

The Norwegian National Day (17 May, also referred to as Constitution Day) stands out as one of the most popular National Day celebrations in Europe. According to surveys, around seven out of every 10 Norwegians take part in a public celebration during this day. This means that the National Day potentially has an impact on the way people reflect upon national identity and its relationship to the Lutheran heritage. In this paper, I will focus on the role religion plays in the Norwegian National Day rituals. Researchers have described these rituals as both containing a significant religious element and being rather secularized. In this article, I discuss the extent to which the theoretical concepts civil religion and religious nationalism can help us understand the role of religion, or the absence of religion, in these rituals. Based on surveys of the general population, I analyze both indicators of civil religion and religious nationalism. The two phenomena are compared by looking at their relation to such items as patriotism, chauvinism, and xenophobia. The results show that civil religion explains participation in the National Day rituals better than religious nationalism.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the Kemtek 1000 sample processor

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Wheeler ◽  
Linzi Waiters
Keyword(s):  
Probe System ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Accuracy Speed ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Way

The Kemtek 1000 Sample Processor has been evaluated for precision, accuracy, speed and reliability. Precision was better than 1.0% at all volumes tested and accuracy within ±5%. A l00-tube assay could be set up within 15 min when patient specimens plus two reagents were sampled using a two probe system. Carry-over could be reduced to <0.01% by using a sufficient number of wash steps, the latter being related to the assay requirements. Evidence was found for adsorption of protein to the probe tubing but inaccuracies due to this could be reduced by introducing wash steps between samples. Problems over 12 months have been minor and quickly resolved. The authors were pleased with the way the processor performed and their staffhave confidence in leaving it to set up their assays.

scholarly journals No news is better than evil news. Clearing up the way to face Alternative Archaeologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Jaime Almansa Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Public Archaeology ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Public ◽  
Professional Discipline ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Interpretation ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Way

While Archaeology started to take form as a professional discipline, Alternative Archaeologies grew in several ways. As the years went by, the image of Archaeology started being corrupted by misconceptions and a lot of imagination, and those professionals that were claiming to be scientists forgot one of their first responsibilities; the public. This lack of interest is one of the reasons why today, a vast majority of society believes in many clichés of the past that alternative archaeologists have used to build a fictitious History that is not innocent at all. From UFOs and the mysteries of great civilizations to the political interpretation of the past, the dangers of Alternative Archaeologies are clear and under our responsibility. This paper analyzes this situation in order to propose a strategy that may make us the main characters of the popular imagery in the mid-term. Since confrontation and communication do not seem to be effective approaches, we need a change in the paradigm based on Public Archaeology and the increase of our presence in everyday life.

scholarly journals THE SCORPIONS LOSE THEIR STING: Challenges to incorporation of the DSO into the SAPS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Minnaar
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
New South ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
South African Police Service ◽  
Direct Contrast ◽  
South African Police ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Way

While it would appear that the motivations to incorporate the Directorate of Special Operations (DSO) or Scorpions into a new South African Police Service directorate are largely politically driven, there are a number of practical obstacles standing in the way of a ‘smooth’ incorporation. Foremost among these is the manner of operations of the Scorpions, the way that they investigate certain crimes by means of prosecution-led teams, and their more effective use of intelligence-driven crime information. This is diametrically opposed to the SAPS investigation modus operandi, which is largely reactive. Furthermore, many of the Scorpions investigators, representing as they do a vast pool of built up experience and expertise, do not want to serve in the SAPS under the latter’s investigating regime. Other sticking points would be the fact that they are paid infinitely better than SAPS detectives, are better funded and resourced, have a far lighter case load (and one shared in a team) – all in direct contrast to members of the SAPS.

scholarly journals Estimación del gasto energético de los caprinos en la Península de Santa Elena

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Debbye Chávez ◽  
Julio Villacres Matías
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Santa Elena ◽  
The Way

El presente estudio guarda estrecha relación con la alimentación de caprinos, las ganancias de peso y su producción; sabiendo que, para que un animal logre buenos rendimientos productivos se hace necesaria una alimentación que cubra necesidades energéticas de mantenimiento, luego de crecimiento y ganancia de peso o de producción; se determinó el recorrido en unidades de desplazamiento; luego, por medio de fórmulas de medición energética trasformar esto a energía metabolizable que es una unidad fácilmente relacionable con las necesidades energéticas de mantenimiento y de producción, siendo 60 cabras de diferentes razas las que se consideraron en este estudio, donde se registró su peso, y edad antes de que formen parte del ensayo. Con la ayuda de podómetros calibrados para usarlos en cabras, se determinó el recorrido habitual. Los podómetros fueron colocados en uno de sus miembros posteriores a la altura de la rodilla, y retirados 24h después, registrando su desplazamiento y actividades en busca del alimento. Utilizando Excel se procedió a la tabulación y organización de los datos, que fueron sometidos a estadística descriptiva y análisis de la información, como resultado se evidenció 5Km de recorridos por animal, con edades entre 2,5 años de promedios, de igual forma las razas de cabras más frecuentes fueron, en primer lugar la Criolla y en segundo la Nubia; ambas razas de animales no se diferenciaron en el recorrido y peso, lo que permitió utilizar una forma universal de estimación del gasto energético (0,49 kcal/kg /km) pudiéndose determinar que fueron 87,69Kcal involucradas en 24h de actividad. ABSTRACT This study is closely related to feeding goats, weight gain and production; knowing that, for an animal to achieve good production yields a feed that covers maintenance energy requirements is necessary , after growth and weight gain or production a route was determined in units of displacement; then by using formulas of energetic measurement transform these to metabolizable energy which is a easily relatable unit with the energetic requirements of maintenance and production, 60 goats from different races were considered in this study, in which their weight and ages were recorded before forming part of the test. With the help of pedometers calibrated for use in goats, the usual route is determined. Pedometers were placed in one of his post-kneemembers, and retired after 24h, recording their movement and activities in search of food. Using Excel proceeded to the tabulation and organization of data, which were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysis of information, as a result of tours 5Km animal showed, aged 2.5 years average, similarly races more frequent goats were first Creole and secondly the Nubia; both breeds of animals did not differ in the way and weight, enabling use a universal way to estimate energy expenditure (0.49 kcal / kg / km) being able to determine which were involved in 24h 87,69Kcal activity.

Wild Mull

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Littlewood ◽  
Martin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Human World ◽  
The Way

High above the mountaintops on the Isle of Mull, a huge bird is soaring. Its all-encompassing gaze records people in its Hebridean territory far below, but they are of no interest. The eagle is about its business: concentrating on the deer and fidgety hares out grazing in the morning sun, the urgent push of thermals beneath its wings, a threatening weather front way out at sea, and the restless chick back in its eyrie. This is Mull in its glory. This is what the excited, watching people have travelled so far to witness. They train their binoculars and admire, perhaps envy, the eagle with its vast freedom, knowing that such a self-willed being is part of another world – almost. This book guides the reader through that world. With superb illustrations and illuminating text, we are led to the wild side of Mull. Every facet of the island’s natural history is considered, its diverse species and many stories – past, present and future. Along the way we are reminded that wildness is not somehow separate from the human world but influenced, and shared, by nature and people together. Here is the tale of a precious and unique place, a seaborne landscape that displays an uncommon biodiversity and rare wildlife experiences, although today it also faces its greatest challenges. Most of all, this book is testimony to the power of wild places and the duty we have to learn from and protect them.

Covey, The Negro Breaker.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Douglass
Keyword(s):  
The Family ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Way

Journey to my new master’s—meditations by the way—view of Covey’s residence—the family—the author’s awkwardness as a field hand—a cruel beating—why it was given—description of Covey—first adventure at ox driving—hair breadth escapes—ox and man alike property—Covey’s manner of proceeding to whip—hard labor better than the whip...

Shelter Cats: From Admission to Adoption—Ethical and Welfare Concerns

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
Sara Fragoso
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Emotional Factors ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Right ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Way

Abstract Despite the growing popularity of cats as pets, many cats end up housed for long periods of time in shelters. These shelters are increasingly under the spotlight by local communities in the way in which they deal with problematic issues, for they may be seen as an example or as target of criticism. In regards to cat (re)homing there are several relevant welfare and ethical issues. Shelters should have a proactive and well-defined strategy to improve welfare and reduce the number of sheltered cats. Those with the authority to make decisions should consider the available resources and hold in perspective the viewpoints of others, especially that of the cat. The challenge is to avoid judgments based on our own quality of life standards which may lead to decisions based on emotional factors to manage the situation. Is it moral for humans to poses the power to determine a cat’s fate? Despite not having an answer for what is the right solution, the way to proceed should be clearly defined. If there is a strategy and a plan, there is an opportunity to readjust and improve. What are the main reasons for all these problems? Most of the related questions don’t have direct answers. However, instead of reacting in order to solve the problem, we should proactively focus on prevention, mainly through population control and education, knowing that what seems good and right at that moment might be considered wrong and obsolete in a near future, in the light of the development of scientific knowledge and societal values.

The Measurement of Ship Speed and Its Applications

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
W. D. J. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Royal Institute ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Weather Damage ◽  
Ship Speed ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Consumption Curve ◽  
The Way

Captain Barker's paper was presented at a one-day seminar on The Selection and Display of Navigational Information at Sea, jointly organised by the Royal Institute of Navigation and the Nautical Institute in London on 11 December 1980.It does not seem so long ago since a shipmaster could not do better than proceed at utmost speed, mindful of sea conditions for heavy weather damage and of fog, for a successful conclusion to a commercial venture. Today the cost of bunkers may exceed the income earned on the freight. Commercial organizations carrying their own cargoes have always had to operate at speeds that relate to freight levels, but owners with their ships on charter, who were never very concerned in conserving bunkers, are now more closely scrutinized on the way they operate their ships, and particular attention is paid to the speed-consumption curve.

scholarly journals Communication of a Modern Trading Company in the Function of the Drafting of the Final Decision on Shopping

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. p39
Author(s):  
A. Vidovic
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Final Consumption ◽  
Trading Company ◽  
Excellent Service ◽  
Consumption Decision ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Way

The aim of this paper is communication of modern trading business based on two-way communication between traders and customers. It is very important for buyers to have the opportunity to express themselves freely about the products or services that a particular trading company provides, and the buyers give suggestions on what should be improved. The objective of a modern trading company is to understand each client individually and use it to facilitate the decision making of customers to prefer to work with a particular company rather than with competition. Nothing provides loyalty better than excellent service. Merchandising as a form of communication seeks to influence all of its elements and knowledge to draw attention of the person-consumer in order to adopt and memorize the content communicated to him. The company, the supermarket, the hypermarket is able to define the strategies and policies of the merchandising elements, which will help build the image of the sales, as well as the way of presenting the products, resulting in the main hypothesis of work: Timely communication with consumers influences to a large extent final consumption decision.

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