The Mark of Villainy

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
Franziska Hartung
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Statistical Average ◽  
Visual Narratives ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
The Difference

Why is it often so easy to identify the villain in a movie just by the way they look? Visual narratives exploit a mechanism that generates aversion towards people who look different. Being “different” by definition is in relation to a statistical norm, whether the difference concerns body size, skin color, hair styles, gender, visible physical disabilities, or facial anomalies. We often associate unattractive faces or faces with anomalies with poor character or negative personality traits. The evidence that most people harbor (implicit) biases against others who visibly differ from the norm is overwhelming, while people who approximate a statistical average within a population are regarded as beautiful and morally good. While we do not yet understand the (neuro-)biological and cognitive bases of these stereotypes, some recent neuroimaging evidence suggests that people not only pay greater attention to faces with anomalies but also simultaneously inhibit social and emotional responses.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Unique Subgroups of Chronic Pain Individuals with Dispositional Personality Traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mehta ◽  
D. Rice ◽  
A. McIntyre ◽  
H. Getty ◽  
M. Speechley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Cluster Membership ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Coping

Objective.The current study attempted to identify and characterize distinct CP subgroups based on their level of dispositional personality traits. The secondary objective was to compare the difference among the subgroups in mood, coping, and disability.Methods.Individuals with chronic pain were assessed for demographic, psychosocial, and personality measures. A two-step cluster analysis was conducted in order to identify distinct subgroups of patients based on their level of personality traits. Differences in clinical outcomes were compared using the multivariate analysis of variance based on cluster membership.Results.In 229 participants, three clusters were formed. No significant difference was seen among the clusters on patient demographic factors including age, sex, relationship status, duration of pain, and pain intensity. Those with high levels of dispositional personality traits had greater levels of mood impairment compared to the other two groups (p<0.05). Significant difference in disability was seen between the subgroups.Conclusions.The study identified a high risk group of CP individuals whose level of personality traits significantly correlated with impaired mood and coping. Use of pharmacological treatment alone may not be successful in improving clinical outcomes among these individuals. Instead, a more comprehensive treatment involving psychological treatments may be important in managing the personality traits that interfere with recovery.

scholarly journals Do algae blooms dilute the risk of trematode infections in threespine sticklebacks?

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Budria ◽  
Ulrika Candolin
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
The Body ◽  
Filamentous Algae ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Diplostomum Pseudospathaceum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Trematode Infections ◽  
Macro Algae

Abstract Human-induced growth of macro-algae is often assumed to increase trematode infections in fishes by increasing the abundance and condition of the parasite’s intermediate host – snails – as this can boost the release of trematode larvae, cercariae, from the intermediate hosts. However, macro-algae can also impose barriers to the transmission of cercariae and reduce infections. We investigated whether an increased growth of filamentous algae affects the transmission of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum cercariae to the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, a common fish in eutrophied shallow waters. We exposed sticklebacks to trematode cercariae in the absence and presence of artificial filamentous algae, and recorded effects on the proportion of sticklebacks infected and the number of encysted metacercariae per fish. No significant effect of artificial algae on cercariae transmission was detected. However, the body size and the sex of the sticklebacks were strongly correlated with the number of encysted metacercariae per infected fish, with females and larger individuals being more infected. We discuss different factors that could have caused the difference in parasite transmission, including sex-related differences in body size and behaviour of sticklebacks.

Testing for Asymmetrical Gene Flow in aDrosophila melanogasterBody-Size Cline

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Jason Kennington ◽  
Julia Gockel ◽  
Linda Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Private Alleles

AbstractAsymmetrical gene flow is an important, but rarely examined genetic parameter. Here, we develop a new method for detecting departures from symmetrical migration between two populations using microsatellite data that are based on the difference in the proportion of private alleles. Application of this approach to data collected from wild-caught Drosophila melanogaster along a latitudinal body-size cline in eastern Australia revealed that asymmetrical gene flow could be detected, but was uncommon, nonlocalized, and occurred in both directions. We also show that, in contrast to the findings of a previous study, there is good evidence to suggest that the cline experiences significant levels of gene flow between populations.

scholarly journals What’s Your Street Race? The Urgency of Critical Race Theory and Intersectionality as Lenses for Revising the U.S. Office of Management and Budget Guidelines, Census and Administrative Data in Latinx Communities and Beyond

Genealogy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Nancy López ◽  
Howard Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Critical Race ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Structural Inequities ◽  
The U.S

What’s your street race? If you were walking down the street what race do you think strangers would automatically assume you are based on what you look like? What is the universe of data and conceptual gaps that complicate or prevent rigorous data collection and analysis for advancing racial justice? Using Latinx communities in the U.S. as an example, we argue that scholars, researchers, practitioners and communities across traditional academic, sectoral and disciplinary boundaries can advance liberation by engaging the ontologies, epistemologies and conceptual guideposts of critical race theory and intersectionality in knowledge production for equity-use. This means not flattening the difference between race (master social status and relational positionality in a racially stratified society based on the social meanings ascribed to a conglomeration of one’s physical characteristics, including skin color, facial features and hair texture) and origin (ethnicity, cultural background, nationality or ancestry). We discuss the urgency of revising the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards, as well as the Census and other administrative data to include separate questions on self-identified race (mark all that apply) and street race (mark only one). We imagine street race as a rigorous “gold standard” for identifying and rectifying racialized structural inequities.

scholarly journals Reorientasi Gerakan Feminisme Islam; Sebuah Upaya Membangun Kesetaraan Perempuan

FIKROTUNA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ABD WARITS
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Arbitrary Action

In the history of women's life, the woman has never cracked from the wild cry of helplessness. Woman always become victim of men’s egoism, marginalized, hurt, unfettered, fooled and never appreciated the presence and role. This situation troubles many intellectual Muslims who have perspective that Islam teaches equality, equality for all human beings in the world. The difference in skin color, race, tribe and nation, as well as gender does not cause them to get the status of the different rights and obligations. The potential and the right to life of every human being and the obligation to serve the Lord Almighty is the same. Indeed, all human beings, as caliph in the world, have the same obligation, namely to prosperity of life in the world. No one is allowed to act arbitrarily, destroying, or hurt among others. They are required to live side by side, united, and harmonious, help each other and respect each other. However, that "demand" never becomes a reality. The differences among human identities become a barrier and the cause of divisions. For them, those who are outside environment, different identities are "others" who rightly do not need them "know". The difference of identity has become a reason to allow "hurt" each other. Several intellectual Muslims who recognize the wrong (discrimination against women), and then they attempt to formulate a movement for women's liberation. All the efforts have been done on the basis of awareness that arbitrary action by any person can never be justified. They also realize, that the backwardness of women are "stumbling block" that will lead to the resignation of a civilization. However, this struggle found a lot of challenges; including the consideration of "insubordination" to conquer the power of men, despite it had done by using many strategies. Starting from the writing of scientific book and countless fiction themed women has been published in order to give awareness of equality between men and women. This paper seeks to reexamine the process of the empowerment struggle to give a brand new concept, so that the struggle of women empowerment is not as insubordination and curiosity process in an attempt to conquer the male. Through approach of literature review and observations on the relationship between men and women, the writer finally concluded that the movement of Islamic feminism is not a movement to seize the power of men, but an attempt to liberate women from oppression so that they get the rights of their social role, giving freedom for women to pursue a career as wide as possible like a man, without forgetting a main duty as a mother: to conceive, give birth and breastfeed their children.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of expression indicators and accentuated personality traits in men with psoriasis without taking into account somatotype and in representatives of meso- and endo-mesomorphic somatotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-544
Author(s):  
Obadeh Bassam Abdel-Rahman Al-Qaraleh ◽  
V. I. Stepanenko ◽  
T. G. Kryvonis ◽  
V. S. Shkolnikov ◽  
S. V. Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Postgraduate Education ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Medical University

Annotation. Exacerbation and aggravation of psoriasis increases the chances of neurosis, depression, can significantly impair mental health through social stigma and leads to social isolation and maladaptation, a significant reduction in quality of life. Studying this problem from the standpoint of comparative assessment of the distribution of character accentuations in patients with different dermatoses can provide insight into how a certain level of adequacy of psychological adaptive response is associated with organic pathological process or genetically existing expression of certain traits. The aim of the study was to found the features of indicators of expression and features of accentuated personality traits in men with psoriasis without taking into account somatotype and in representatives of meso- and endo-mesomorphic somatotypes. Men aged 22 to 35 years, patients with psoriasis (n=100, including 32 with mild and 68 with severe course) at the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases with a course of postgraduate education National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya and Military Medical Clinical Center of the Central Region, conducted an anthropometric survey by V. V. Bunak Estimation of the expression and features of accentuated personality traits made according to G. Shmishek The reliability of the difference between the values between the independent quantitative values was determined using the U-Mann-Whitney test. In healthy subjects, taking into account and without taking into account the somatotype, it is seen that the type of physique did not significantly affect the severity of individual traits and their combinations in this group of people. With the increase in the course of psoriasis among subjects without somatotype, there is a decrease in the percentage of persons with hyperthymic and demonstrative and an increase – with emotional, pedantic, anxious, cyclothymic, excitable, dysthymic and exalted type of character accentuation; among patients of mesomorphic somatotype there is a decrease in the percentage of people with stuck and demonstrative and an increase – with emotional, pedantic, anxious, cyclothymic, excitable, dysthymic and exalted type of character accentuation; among patients of endo-mesomorphic somatotype there is a decrease in the percentage of people with hypertension and an increase – with stuck, demonstrative and excitable type of character accentuation. All this maintains a pathologically high level of affective tension, which disrupts the autonomic balance in the body, can be a pathogenic factor in the development of psychosomatic illness and leads to ineffective treatment of psoriasis.

scholarly journals The lack of evidence for co-adaptation in crosses between geographical races of Drosophila subobscura Coll.

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. McFarquhar ◽  
Forbes W. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Drosophila Subobscura ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Bristle Number ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Synthetic Media

1. The paper described an attempt to see whether differences in co-adaptation between populations of Drosophila subobscura are related to the distance between them. The mean and the variance of body-size, development time and survival were recorded on parent populations and the F1 and F2 of various crosses to test for heterosis in the F1 and decline in performance or greater variance in the F2, which might indicate the break-up of co-adapted gene arrays. Comparisons were carried out at different temperatures and on a variety of larval diets, especially sub-optimal ones in which the larvae were grown on synthetic media. A large number of wild flies were caught at sites separated by about 10 miles along a transect of southern Scotland; these comprised one series of comparisons. For more distant crosses flies were caught at sites in southern England, Denmark, Switzerland and Israel.2. There were well-defined differences in body-size, and, to a lesser degree, development time between populations from more widely separated localities and these showed evidence of a cline, northern populations having larger body-size. The difference in size between the Scottish and Isreal populations is about 20%.3. There was no evidence of differences in co-adaptation between populations even in crosses between populations from sites as far apart as Scotland and Israel. The F1's were always close to the mid-parent values and there was no evidence of breakdown in the F2 nor of increased variability.4. There was hardly any evidence of gene-environment interaction either with respect to different diets or to different temperatures.5. Records of body-size on flies caught in the wild showed that they are extremely variable, indicating great variation in larval nutrition. Under natural condition stability of growth in body-size is conspicuously lacking in this species.6. An additional test of co-adaptation was based on the between-family variance of abdominal bristle number of intra- and inter-population matings in the two most widely separated populations. There was no evidence of greater variance in the inter-population series.7. To test for possible differences in breeding structure, the response to inbreeding was determined for two widely separated populations of D. subobscura and a long-established cage population of D. melanogaster, on an unrestricted larval diet and also on several different kinds of sub-optimal diets. There was little or no sign of consistent differences between the species in their response to inbreeding.8. This test revealed differences between the two species in their minimum requirements for particular nutrients. subobscura is less able than melanogaster to withstand lower levels of protein and survival is particularly reduced. On the other hand, melanogaster has a considerably higher requirement for choline. Where there are apparent differences between the species in the average effect of inbreeding, the inbreeding effect is greater on the relatively more sub-optimal diet.9. Comparison of the performance of the immediate descendants of wild flies with those derived from the same site, but kept in the laboratory for some twenty generations, failed to show any differences on several different diets and so there was no evidence that adaptation to laboratory conditions was important.10. The lack of evidence for co-adaptation apparently conflicts with what has been claimed for other species. Such differences are discussed.

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