Dragging Them over the Finish Line

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-193
Author(s):  
Dov H. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Test ◽  
Vote Share ◽  
Finish Line ◽  
Full Support ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Line P

Chapter 6 begins the analysis of the effects of partisan electoral interventions on election results through a statistical test, using PEIG, of the four main hypotheses developed in Chapter 2. Full support is found for the first three hypotheses. Partisan electoral interventions are found to increase the vote share of the preferred candidate/party by 3% on average—enough in many cases to determine the result. Overt interventions are found to be more effective than covert ones in both the statistical and the substantive sense. However, unlike in later elections, electoral interventions in founding elections usually harm the aided side, reducing its vote share by 6.7% on average. The chapter concludes by examining whether there are any significant differences in the effectiveness of the specific assistance that is provided by the foreign power and/or the overall magnitude of this aid.

scholarly journals Transient Reduction of FMD-Response and L-Arginine Accompanied by Increased Levels of E-Selectin, VCAM, and ICAM after Prolonged Strenuous Exercise

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Christoffer Nyborg ◽  
Helene Støle Melsom ◽  
Martin Bonnevie-Svendsen ◽  
Jørgen Melau ◽  
Ingebjørg Seljeflot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Finish Line ◽  
Endothelial Inflammation ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Line P ◽  
Ironman Distance

We assessed endothelial function by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), levels of the NO-precursor L-arginine, and markers of endothelial inflammation before, at the finish line, and one week after the Norseman Xtreme triathlon. The race is an Ironman distance triathlon with a total elevation of 5200 m. Nine male participants were included. They completed the race in 14.5 (13.4–15.3) h. FMD was significantly reduced to 3.1 (2.1–5.0)% dilatation compared to 8.7 (8.2–9.3)% dilatation before the race (p < 0.05) and was normalized one week after the race. L-arginine showed significantly reduced levels at the finish line (p < 0.05) but was normalized one week after the race. Markers of endothelial inflammation E-Selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 all showed a pattern with increased values at the finish line compared to before the race (all p < 0.05), with normalization one week after the race. In conclusion, we found acutely reduced FMD with reduced L-arginine levels and increased E-Selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 immediately after the Norseman Xtreme triathlon. Our findings indicate a transient reduced endothelial function, measured by the FMD-response, after prolonged strenuous exercise that could be explained by reduced NO-precursor L-arginine levels and increased endothelial inflammation.

Amtsinhaber-Effekte in „unsicheren“ Wahlkreisen – eine Analyse anhand der Landtagswahlen in Brandenburg, Sachsen und Thüringen (1990 bis 2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-366
Author(s):  
Hendrik Träger ◽  
Jan Pollex ◽  
Marc S. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Vote Share ◽  
Eine Analyse ◽  
German Länder ◽  
East German ◽  
Election Results

The elections in three East German Länder in 2019 did not only result in significant changes in the proportional vote share but also in severe shifts in constituency results between directly elected deputies . Against this backdrop this article analyses the election results in Brandenburg, Saxony, and Thuringia since 1990 . It shows that most of the constituencies have become contested . Hence, concepts dealing with “safe” constituencies for one party can, particularly in an increasingly fragmented party system, no longer explain election outcomes . Instead, the relevance of candidates for their respective electoral performances is taken into account . Overall, our results clearly suggest an incumbency factor .

scholarly journals Backing the Incumbent in Difficult Times: The Electoral Impact of Wildfires

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 469-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Ramos ◽  
Carlos Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Vote Share ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Electoral Accountability ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
Electoral Impact ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Municipal Election ◽  
Difficult Times

How do voters react to shocks that are outside the control of politicians? We address this question by studying the electoral impact of wildfires in Spain in the period 1983-2014. This context allows us to study (a) the effects of fires at different locations and times, as opposed to a specific disaster; (b) the heterogeneous effects by time relative to election day; and (c) the effects on elections for all levels of government. Using a difference-in-difference strategy, we find that an accidental fire up to 9 months ahead of a municipal election increases the incumbent party’s vote share by up to 8 percentage points, whereas a fire earlier in the term does not affect the election results. In addition, fires have no effect on regional or national elections. We discuss the possible mechanisms behind the results in light of the main theories on electoral accountability.

scholarly journals The quality of Alginate Impressions for fabrication of Fixed Partial Dentures Received by Commercial Dental Laboratories in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 02-07
Author(s):  
Aleya Begum ◽  
ASM Shahin ◽  
Md Ali Afzal Khan ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Rubaba Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Finish Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Model Preparation ◽  
Line P

The study was conducted to evaluate the quality of alginate impression sent to commercial dental laboratories for fabrication of Fixed partial dentures (FPD), to describe the frequency of clinically detectable errors and to determine correlation between factors. A Cross-sectional Study in eight commercial dental laboratories was conducted and a sample of 171 impressions was examined. For each impression, type of tray used, number of prepared units per jaw, model preparation time, manipulation quality, impression of arch, tray showing through impression material and utilization of embedded retraction cord were recorded. Over half of the specimens (58%) inspected were found to be unsatisfactory as they contained at least one detectable error. These errors included alginate manipulation with granularity (5.8%), Impression of partial arch (26.3%), Bubbles at finish line (4.1%) Presence of tears along the margin (6.4%), Tray showing through material (43.9%), Delayed model prepared (29.8%) and Did not used Retraction cord (78.4%). Significant associations were found between manipulation of impression material and presence of tearing at the margin line ( p=.007) and presence of bubbles at the margin line (p=.011). Selecting alginate impression material as a final impression is not a good choice for fabricating FPD. Therefore, the dental practitioners need to revise their treatment plan before taking impression. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i1.13950 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (1): 02-07

Andrew Cuomo’s Finish Line

Last Subway ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 221-246
Author(s):  
Philip Mark Plotch
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Finish Line ◽  
Cost Overruns ◽  
Public Agency ◽  
Signal Systems ◽  
The Right ◽  
Line P ◽  
New Yorkers

This chapter recounts how, in late 2015, Governor Andrew Cuomo decided to prioritize the Second Avenue subway, pressuring the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) to complete the project by January 1, 2017. When making decisions about the Second Avenue subway, MTA officials always had to balance various factors, including budget, schedule, and quality. Cuomo changed the MTA's priorities to emphasize speed. As a result, some factors were deemphasized, such as New York City Transit's concerns about maintainability, budget officials' worries about cost overruns, and engineers' expectations that they would thoroughly test every single component. The governor's insistence on meeting the New Year's deadline would consume the MTA as it turned its attention from other projects, other escalators, and other signal systems. Ultimately, Governor Cuomo had pressed the right buttons to open up the Second Avenue subway on first day of the New Year. But New Yorkers did not realize what happens when a public agency pours too much of its attention and resources into expediting one megaproject.

“Race” to the Finish Line

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. McClendon
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Black People ◽  
Black Athlete ◽  
Finish Line ◽  
Communications Media ◽  
Black Race ◽  
The Status ◽  
Racial Progress ◽  
Line P

The image of the black athlete looms large on the landscape of communications media and cultural outlets. And a certain kind of sports ethos, intimately linked to African American sports figures, permeates mass and popular culture. Questions are raised: How does this importance of sports regarding black people affect race as a dynamic social category? If “race matters” in society, can sports tell us in what way? Does the notion of racial progress apply to the status of African Americans in contemporary sports? How would we measure and define the progress of the black race in sports? Does progress in sports signal advancement in other areas of social life?

Divided We Fall: Opposition Fragmentation and the Electoral Fortunes of Governing Parties

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Vote Share ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Clarity Of Responsibility ◽  
Election Results ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opposition Parties

This article introduces the concept of opposition fragmentation into the study of the determinants of election results. Empirical studies have demonstrated that anti-government economic voting is likely to take place where the clarity of responsibility (the degree to which voters can attribute policy responsibility to the government) is high. This argument is extended by focusing on the effects of the degree of opposition fragmentation in influencing the extent to which poor economic performance decreases the government’s vote share. With data from seventeen parliamentary democracies, it is shown that when there are fewer opposition parties, the relationship between economic performance and governing parties’ electoral fortune is stronger. Opposition fragmentation appears to be as strong a factor as the clarity of responsibility.

The Role of Precinct Commissions in Electoral Manipulation in Russia: Does Party Affiliation Matter?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Bader
Keyword(s):  
Vote Share ◽  
The Other ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
High Turnout ◽  
Election Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Election Commission

The occurrence of manipulation in Russian elections is highly uneven not just across regions, but also across precincts. Why do some precinct election commissions take part in manipulation while other commissions stay “clean”? Drawing on a new dataset, this study assesses the impact of the party affiliation of precinct election commission members on electoral manipulation in relation to the 2016 State Duma election. The data reveal that, while the composition of most precinct election commission is diverse, United Russia nominees are vastly overrepresented among commission chairs. The study then finds that commissions with a chairperson nominated by United Russia significantly more often reported anomalously high turnout and United Russia vote share than commissions without a United Russia chair. Surprisingly, this is also true for nominees of the other State Duma parties, especially if nominees from these parties jointly with nominees from United Russia occupy the leading positions in the commission. This suggests that nominees from United Russia and other State Duma parties collude to deliver election results that are favorable to the regime.

Everybody Follows the Crowd?

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Obermaier ◽  
Thomas Koch ◽  
Christian Baden
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Bandwagon Effect ◽  
Political News ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Opinion Polls ◽  
Electoral Preferences

Abstract. Opinion polls are a well-established part of political news coverage, especially during election campaigns. At the same time, there has been controversial debate over the possible influences of such polls on voters’ electoral choices. The most prominent influence discussed is the bandwagon effect: It states that voters tend to support the expected winner of an upcoming election, and use polls to determine who the likely winner will be. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying the effect. In addition, we inquired into the role of past electoral performances of a candidate and analyzed how these (as well as polls) are used as heuristic cues for the assessment of a candidate’s personal characteristics. Using an experimental design, we found that both polls and past election results influence participants’ expectations regarding which candidate will succeed. Moreover, higher competence was attributed to a candidate, if recipients believe that the majority of voters favor that candidate. Through this attribution of competence, both information about prior elections and current polls shaped voters’ electoral preferences.

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