UDI

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-96
Author(s):  
James Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Powerful Source ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Coalition Partner ◽  
Salvador Allende ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
The Military

This chapter discusses the UDI in Chile, arguing that its success was the product of authoritarian inheritance and counterrevolutionary struggle. The first section provides historical background, including on the decline of the country’s traditional conservative parties. The second section discusses the Movimiento Gremial, the precursor of the UDI, and the role that it played in the struggle against the leftist government of Salvador Allende (1970–1973). The third section examines the participation of these gremialistas in the Pinochet regime (1973–1990). The fourth section discusses the UDI’s status as an authoritarian successor party, and the ways that it resembled and differed from its coalition partner, RN. The fifth section discusses how the UDI benefited from its ties to the military regime, inheriting a party brand, clientelistic networks, and territorial organization. The final section discusses how the UDI’s origins in counterrevolutionary struggle served as a powerful source of cohesion.

scholarly journals Constitutional Identity in the EU–A Shield or a Sword?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1617-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Faraguna
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Member States ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
Constitutional Adjudication ◽  
Constitutional Identity ◽  
The Eu

This Article consists of five sections. In the first section, it describes why identity questions matter, particularly in Europe. In the second section, the Article tackles the issue of multiple structural ambiguities affecting the concept of constitutional identity in the European constitutional vocabulary. In the third section, the Article explores trends concerning the use of constitutional identity in the European legal discourse and practice, including the development of alternative interpretations and applications of the notion of constitutional identities in the Member States. The fourth section of the Article combines the analytical accounts outlined in the second section with the trends identified in the third section, contending that different conceptions and applications of constitutional identity have varying effects on the European composite constitutional adjudication system and that the institutional and procedural framework should be calibrated accordingly. The final section of this Article draws some conclusions.

scholarly journals O ENSINO E A PESQUISA SOBRE POLÍTICA EXTERNA NO CAMPO DAS RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS DO BRASIL

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Aurélio Pimenta de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

The purpose of this article is to analyze teaching and research on foreign policy in Brazil in the last two decades. The first section discusses how the main narratives about the evolution of International Relations in Brazil, considered as an area of knowledge, depict the place that has been designed, in the same area, to the study of foreign policy. The second section is devoted to an assessment of the status of foreign policy in IR teaching in the country, both at undergraduate and scricto sensu graduate programs. There is also a mapping and characterization of theses and dissertations which had foreign policy as object. The third section assesses the space given to studies on foreign policy in three academic forums nationwide, namely: the meetings of ABRI (Brazilian Association of International Relations), the ABCP (Brazilian Association of Political Science) and ANPOCS (National Association of Graduate Programs and Research in Social Sciences). In the fourth section there is a mapping and characterization of the published articles on foreign policy between 1990 and 2010, in the following IR Brazilian journals: Cena Internacional, Contexto Internacional, Política Externa and Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional. At last, the fifth and final section seeks to assess briefly the importance that comparative studies have in the sub-area of foreign policy in the country. The final considerations make a general assessment of the empirical research presented in the previous sections.

UCEDE

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-125
Author(s):  
James Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Party ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Starting Position ◽  
The Third ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Economic Program ◽  
History Of

This chapter examines the failure of the UCEDE in Argentina, and compares it to the success of the UDI in Chile. The first section discusses the long history of conservative party weakness in Argentina. The second section asks why no “Argentine UDI” emerged from the 1976–1983 military regime, arguing that its poor governing performance—including, notably, its defeat in the 1982 Falklands/Malvinas War—made the formation of such a party unviable. The third section examines the emergence of the UCEDE, emphasizing its much weaker starting position relative to the UDI. The fourth section discusses the fall of the UCEDE, which suffered a series of schisms and a sharp drop in electoral support after newly elected President Carlos Menem (1989–1999), a Peronist, began to implement much of its economic program. While the proximate cause of the UCEDE’s collapse was the Menem government, the chapter argues that the deeper cause was the party’s various built-in weaknesses.

ARENA

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-165
Author(s):  
James Loxton
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
Death Squad ◽  
Powerful Source ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

This chapter examines ARENA in El Salvador and argues that, like the UDI in Chile, its success was the product of authoritarian inheritance and counterrevolutionary struggle. The first section discusses El Salvador’s long history of right-wing military rule. The second section examines the October 1979 coup and the resulting establishment of a left-wing Revolutionary Governing Junta. The third section discusses the intense counterrevolutionary response that the junta triggered. This included large-scale death squad violence, with future ARENA founder Roberto D’Aubuisson playing a key role. The fourth section examines the formation of ARENA in response to an impending transition to competitive elections. The fifth section shows how D’Aubuisson’s role as a high-level official in the pre-1979 military regime endowed ARENA with several valuable resources. The final section discusses how ARENA’s origins in counterrevolutionary struggle served as a powerful source of cohesion.

The heavens are declaring the glory of God: Contemporary teleological arguments

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-258
Author(s):  
John M. DePoe
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The Third ◽  
Teleological Argument ◽  
Christian Apologetics ◽  
Argument From Design ◽  
The Universe

This article presents an overview of various formations of contemporary teleological arguments with a brief historical background. The fine-tuning argument and three of its most well-known objections are considered first. Next, the argument from design based on the origins of life is presented. The third teleological argument is based on the temporal order of the universe. The final section of the article considers and responds to well-known objections commonly raised against design arguments. The conclusion is that the contemporary versions of the teleological argument have a positive role to play in Christian apologetics despite some of their limitations.

Early Years, 1771–1795

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Lisa West
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third

This chapter surveys Charles Brockden Brown’s early biography into five sections. The first provides background on eighteenth-century Quaker history and culture in Philadelphia, including the unlawful arrest and banishment of Elijah Brown, Charles’s father. The second section reviews Brown’s youth, adolescence, and education. The third discusses his law apprenticeship from 1787 to 1793, a period during which he participated in literary clubs, experimented with writing, and developed meaningful friendships. His letters during these years show interest in a variety of moral issues and sometimes critique traditional tenets of Christianity. The fourth section discusses Brown’s early publications and his manuscript epistolary narratives. The final section focuses on the years 1793–1795, when Brown strengthened connections with the New York intellectual circle and distanced himself from his Philadelphia social network, culminating in a cogent rejection of Christianity.

Considerations Affecting the Preparation of Standard Tables of Mortality

1973 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 135-235
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Mortality Curve ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Standard Table

SynopsisThe first, introductory, section of the paper refers to the Committee's main report on the mortality of immediate annuitants in 1967-70 and to the features of the latest data which prevent it from recommending the preparation of a new standard table at present.The second section describes the preliminary work which led to the suggestion of a graduation formula which appeared to fit the 1967-70 assured lives' data at each duration, and over the whole range of ages up to 90; the graduation, like the experience, showed decreasing mortality with increasing age up to age 28. This work included consideration of mortality from motor vehicle accidents at the ages either side of 20, where the shape of the curve differed from the population experience. It also examined ages 90 and over, to indicate the extent to which very late notification of deaths to the offices distorted the exposed to risk.The third section describes the fitting, with the aid of a computer, of the formula suggested in the preceding section, in order to produce two alternative graduations, one with a two-year select period, the other a five-year select period. Below age 17, where the data were insufficient to indicate the underlying course of the mortality curve, an arbitrary extension of the graduations was made by reference to population experience. The graduations are compared with earlier tables in a short fourth section.The fifth and final section examines the possibility of producing a new table for pensioners, a class of lives for which hitherto there has been no appropriate mortality yardstick. It concludes with recommendations for the preparation of experience tables for male and female pensioners based on the 1967-70 data for “lives”.

4 Fiji

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Castellino Joshua ◽  
Keane David
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Military Police ◽  
Ethnic Division ◽  
The Military ◽  
Language Membership

This chapter begins by tracing the historical background to ethnic division in Fiji. Section 4.2 then identifies the groups that fall within the category of ‘minorities’ and ‘indigenous peoples’. Section 4.3 examines the rights of minorities, with particular emphasis on the themes of land, religion, education, language, membership of the military/police, and hate speech. The final section seeks remedies for the continued violations of the rights of minority groups in Fiji, focusing on affirmative action.

The shape of musical improvisation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Mermikides ◽  
Eugene Feygelson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Violin Concerto ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Musical Space ◽  
The Third

This chapter presents practitioner–researcher perspectives on shape in improvisation. A theoretical framework based in jazz improvisational pedagogy and practice is established, and employed in the analysis of examples from both jazz and classical-period repertoire. The chapter is laid out in five sections. The first section provides a brief overview of improvisational research, while the second discusses the concept of improvisation as ‘chains-of-thought’ (a logical narrative established through the repetition and transformation of musical objects). The third reflects upon improvisation as the limitation and variation of a changing set of musical parameters. Using this concept, the fourth section builds a theoretical model of improvisation as navigation through multidimensional musical space (M-Space). The final section uses this model in a detailed analysis of the nineteenth-century violinist Hubert Léonard’s cadenza for Beethoven’s Violin Concerto Op. 61.

The Challenges of Counterintelligence

2010 ◽  
pp. 536-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Redmond
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
The Third ◽  
The U.S

This article discusses counterintelligence and the challenges faced by the U.S. counterintelligence. The article begins by defining counterintelligence. Counterintelligence is the method of gathering information and performing activities to identify, deceive, exploit, disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassination conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations, or persons or their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities. The discussion then proceeds to the various aspects of counterintelligence. It discusses counterintelligence as a counterespionage and as an asset validation. The third section discusses the purposes and techniques of running operations against the opposition in order to control their activities, misinform them, or get them to reveal their operational techniques and capabilities. The fourth section discusses counterintelligence as a tradecraft while the fifth section focuses on counterintelligence as a means for recruiting counterintelligence sources. The final section discusses the developing issues and challenges in counterintelligence.

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