Lodging, Dining, and Drinking

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-130
Author(s):  
Colin Calloway
Keyword(s):  
Government Officials ◽  
Indian People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Private Homes

Indian delegations often included many people and frequently stayed in town for a long time. During their stay, they had to be housed and provisioned, usually at government expense. This chapter examines how lodging was provided for groups of Indian people but also shows that individual delegates often stayed in hotels or in private homes. Likewise, while colonial authorities fed large numbers of Indian people, at considerable expense, government officials and private citizens not infrequently invited prominent delegates to formal dinners, where they were wined and dined. The prevalence of alcohol was a problem for Indian people in the cities, as it was in their home communities.

SYNCHRONIZATION IN RANDOMLY DRIVEN SYSTEMS

1995 ◽  
Vol 09 (16) ◽  
pp. 985-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. JAYANNAVAR
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Law Of Large Numbers ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Law

We have solved analytically a simple model of evolution of particles driven by identical noise. We show that the trajectories of all particles collapse into a single trajectory at long time. This synchronization also leads to violation of the law of large numbers.

scholarly journals Administrative Background and the Process of Migrant Integration in Hungary

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-446
Author(s):  
István Temesi
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
The Eu

Some EU member states have been migrant destinations for a long time, while others have lost a considerable part of their population since their accession to the EU. Hungary belongs to the latter. Large numbers of immigrants have not been arriving here since the end of the war in former Yugoslavia. However, in 2015 Hungary was suddenly strongly affected by mass migration, mainly because of the country’s geographical location. Mass migration has strongly influenced politics as the decision-maker and public administration as the executor of political decisions. Both the decisions and the policy-makers have been strongly criticised for taking a different approach to the situation compared with many other European countries. The Hungarian government’s priority was to reduce or stop mass migration and it used political, legal, and physical instruments selected for this purpose. This study does not aim to judge whether they are right or wrong. Hungarian public administration has had to adapt to the situation and it has done so by way of implementing new and modified legal rules. However, due to the political decisions described above, it has developed and changed at the same time.

and stored, such that they can be defrosted and grown on again later. This is cloning and storage of human cells in exactly the same way that cloning and storage of human embryos is. In many ways they are separated by a distinction without a difference and I would not like to be the person that had to tell a seriously, or even terminally, ill individual that it is not possible to treat them because the only way is to produce immunologically sound material which they will not reject by cloning – and that this is not allowed. It was decided on 15 November 2001 that cloning of embryos for therapeutic research should no longer be licensed, but cloning one for birth apparently is and there are medical practitioners who seem to think that this is a good and practical idea. It is suspected that the incredibly high failure rate of cloned foetuses will mitigate against pursuing human clones. To put numbers on this, of 277 attempts only one sheep, Dolly, was born and further successful examples of animal cloning have been just as hard won. However, failure in this context is not a simple, clear, non-viable embryo; it includes gross malformations and developmental problems. These would not be an acceptable outcome in human cloning. This problem of not thinking about questions on a ‘what if?’ basis before the practical necessity arises is exactly the same situation that seems to have occurred with DNA profiling and genetic testing for disease genes. We have simply not been ready as a society to address questions that are going to have profound effects for future generations. This, sadly, is a general failing. Statements such as ‘think of the children’, have very little power to motivate; what does motivate seems to be political will and commerce. It is true, as discussed earlier, that large numbers are not easily conceived of. What is also true is that long periods of time are not easily comprehended either. So, to take an example from a different science, but one which is very real now and can therefore give us pointers to the future of our ethical problems in genetics, let us consider the question of nuclear waste. We can visualise this not just as a physical problem but an ethical one which is dependent upon society and the good will of society as well. The long term control of nuclear waste is a problem. No matter how it is stored or dealt with it needs to be looked after for a very long time. Given the half-life of some of this material – that is the length of time it takes to reduce its radioactivity by half – the storage times are prodigiously long. It is not unrealistic to say that storage should be in excess of 10,000 years, but no civilisation has been around that long and it would require a great leap of faith to suggest that the current nuclear powers would remain intact, politically stable and financially able to look after such a potential problem for so long. It is to be hoped that humanity is going to out-last nuclear waste, but the questions regarding political stability remain. We simply do not know what sort of a government we will have 1,000 years hence; we do not know what sort of data they will hold about our genes, so now is the time to question their perceived right to hold such information. Now is the time to challenge the perceived right of testers to take samples to find out whatever they like about an individual and possibly pass it on.

2013 ◽  
pp. 112-112
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Disease Genes ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Animal Cloning ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Therapeutic Research ◽  
And Storage

Building Better India

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-167
Author(s):  
Swarup Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Suman Saha
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
The Government ◽  
Time Update

We can name many industries that are still based on the same working practices and business models that they have had for a long time – maybe since they started. Despite the wealth of modern technology now available, public infrastructure, a critical component for the well-being of the society, is still an industry based on the paperwork, letters, emails, manual approvals, and a large amount of guess work. It involves a lot of manual effort and is also error prone. It is really very hard for the stakeholders and end users to get an update on the progress of the project, which impacts them directly or indirectly. The authors intend to develop a groundbreaking blockchain platform that can meet the needs of all the different stakeholders involved in creating and providing a better infrastructure. They plan to automate the entire process by using smart contracts to minimize paperwork for the government officials. This will not only eliminate the errors that can happen during manual execution but will also provide a real-time update to all the stakeholders in making the process more transparent.

Cannabis and its Users in Nepal

1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time

SummaryCannabis is easily available in Nepal, large numbers of persons using it regularly. I have studied its effects on 226 persons who had been using it for a long time and in considerable amount. As a control group I used an equal number of men of matching age and education.Compared with the controls, the cannabis users had a poor work record, poor social and family relationships, a lack of interest in sex and a general loss of initiative and efficiency. However, there was no difference in crime rate between the groups.

scholarly journals Споры о письменном языке в Ладакхе: консерваторы и реформаторы

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-171
Author(s):  
Ekaterina L. Komissaruk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject

Ladakhi is an idiom used mainly within Ladakh (a region that until 2019 was part of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir), as well as in the bordering areas of China and Pakistan. Goals. The paper discusses the development of Ladakhi as a written language and the controversy it leads to both in Ladakh and outside. Methods and Materials. The study analyzes various official documents issued by local administrative bodies of Ladakh, academic works and grammatical descriptions of the Ladakhi idiom, as well as interviews with residents of the region. The main methods of the field research conducted in Ladakh in 2010—2011 include participant observation, analysis of documentary sources, and interviewing. Results. Most Ladakhis consider Tibetan and Ladakhi to be the same language, often using the linguonym ‘Bhoti’ to refer to both the languages. Since the independent princedom of Ladakh was established in the 10th century AD, Classical Tibetan has been the dominant written language there, while other idioms have also been used in oral communication. For a long time, Ladakhi has existed in diglossia, its role being that of a ‘low’ language. Most government officials, education workers and Buddhist clerics in Ladakh still believe that Ladakhi is and should remain a spoken version of Classical Tibetan rather than an entirely separate language. They see any attempts to codify the Ladakhi language as sacrilege because in their opinion the Tibetan language was created by Thonmi Sambhota to put down sacred Buddhist texts, and so it should remain unchanged. However, the last four decades have seen some considerable changes. A few dozen books written in Ladakhi or translated into the language have been published. A number of issues of a magazine in spoken Ladakhi released, and Al-Baqarah, the second surah of Quran, was also published in Ladakhi. Whether Ladakhi should become a fully fledged written (literary) language is the subject of hot debates in contemporary Ladakh attracting increasing attention both in and outside the region.

scholarly journals PENANGANAN JENAZAH KORBAN BENCANA ALAM BADAN PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DAERAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Fajar rahmat Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time

It is the Regional Disaster Management Agency’s (BPBD) onus of South Sulawesi to assist the Governor in organizing regional government administration within the scope of regional disaster management. Among BPBD’s duties in South Sulawesi in handling corpses of natural disaster are: intact Muslim corpses are handled normally, in which the bodies were washed, shrouded, sanctified and buried by following the procedures that have been determined by the Shari'ah. Afterwards, decaying and unrecognizable Muslim corpses were directly shrouded, sanctified then buried. Whilst the large numbers corpses that mixed between Muslims and non-Muslims, were immediately buried and sanctified by religious leaders from each of the existing religious representatives. Hereinafter, the constraints faced by the BPBD of South Sulawesi in handling the corpses of natural disasters include: limited equipment, difficulty in reaching the location and the identification process which requires a long time. The Islamic law view regarding the handling of the natural disasters corpses is that basically, in normal conditions, the corpses must be washed, shrouded, sanctified and buried according to the procedures that have been determined by Islamic law. When a disaster occurs, the handling of the body is still carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Shari'ah but in an emergency situation.

scholarly journals Pembangunan Pertanian pada Era Otonomi Daerah: Kebijakan dan Implementasi

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Henny Mayrowani
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Cost Center ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Regional Governments

<p><strong>English</strong><br />Regional autonomy gives more authority to the regional governments, namely those regencies and municipalities, to take the initiative in designing and developing a locally specific policy. It includes in conducting agricultural development in each region. The regional authorities in policy implementation have both positive and the negative impacts on agricultural development. Most of the regional governments’ regulations are designed to improve regional government revenues. Most regional government officials think that agricultural development is costly, but it takes a long time to return the investment. This is why issues of importance of agriculture are less attractive to the regional policymakers, especially in supporting agricultural business and extension. The positive impacts of regional autonomy can be observed in some regional governments successfully develop regional agricultural policy but not supported through the regional regulations.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Kebijakan otonomi daerah memberi kebebasan kepada daerah untuk mengambil inisiatif dalam mendesain dan mengembangkan kebijakan lokal secara spesifik. Kewenangan di bidang pertanian merupakan kewenangan yang dilimpahkan pada kabupaten/kota. Besarnya kewenangan dalam pelaksana kebijakan daerah memberikan dampak positif dan negatif terhadap pengembangan pertanian. Sebagian besar Perda dibuat dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan Pemerintah Daerah. Pembangunan pertanian dianggap oleh sebagian birokrasi dan legislator lokal sebagai bidang yang cost-center yang membutuhkan investasi besar namun return-nya cukup lama. Hal ini yang menyebabkan mengapa isu pentingnya pembangunan pertanian kurang menarik perhatian bagi sebagian besar pembuat kebijakan daerah. Kecenderungan umum menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah daerah kurang berpihak pada kegiatan yang terkait dengan pembangunan pertanian terutama dalam perbaikan iklim usaha dan penyuluhan. Hal ini  merupakan dampak negatif kebijakan otonomi daerah terhadap sektor pertanian. Namun dampak positif dari kebijakan otda terlihat dari beberapa Pemerintah Daerah yang telah berhasil mengembangkan pertanian daerah dan mengimplementasikan beberapa kebijakan daerah yang tidak diterbitkan dalam Peraturan Daerah.</p>

scholarly journals Bronze age sickles in diverse roles

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Eszter Fejér
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Carpathian Basin ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Special Value ◽  
The Bronze Age

Bronze sickles are among the most numerous types of artefacts discovered in Late Bronze Age assemblages in Europe, and they have been found in particularly large numbers in the Carpathian Basin. Since their form has barely changed during the last few thousand years and they are generally regarded as having a very ordinary function, for a long time they had failed to spark research interest. Nevertheless, detailed analysis of their find contexts and condition, as well as their comparison with historical, anthropological, and ethnographic observations reveal that they may have had diverse meanings, a greater significance than previously thought, and a special value for the people of the Bronze Age.

A RAPID, PRECISE METHOD OF EXPOSING ORIENTAL FRUIT MOTH (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) LARVAE TO PESTICIDE DEPOSITS

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 1399-1401
Author(s):  
R.W. Fisher ◽  
D. R. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Oriental Fruit Moth ◽  
Precise Method ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Time

Manipulation of individual first instar larvae of the oriental fruit moth (OFM) has been successful using a sable hair (Fisher and Menzies 1976). However, when large numbers of larvae must be treated quickly and held for a long time, they cannot be handled singly. Also, larvae exposed to insecticides, even for short periods, are hard to retain on a substratum for observation.

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