Electronic Voting Application Powered by Blockchain Technology

India is the largest democracy in the world, and in spite of that, it faces various challenges on a daily basis that hinder its growth like corruption and human rights violations. One of the ugliest phases of corruption and political mayhem is visible during the election process where no stone is kept unturned in order to gain power. However, it is the common citizen who suffers most in terms of clarity as well as security when it comes to his/her vote. Blockchain can play a very important role in ensuring that the voters registering their votes are legit and the counting of votes is not manipulated in any way. It is also needed in today's times where the world is available to people in their smart phones to also give them the opportunity to register their votes hassle free via their smart phones without having to worry about the system getting hacked. Therefore, in this chapter, the proposed layout will be based on a smart contract, using Ethereum software to create an e-voting app. In this chapter, the authors have proposed a secure e-voting framework through blockchain mechanism.

Understanding Blockchain

In this chapter, the authors have detailed the need of blockchain technology along with its case studies in different domains. The literature survey is described that describes how blockchain technology is rising. Further, a number of domains where blockchain technology can be applied along with its case studies have been discussed. In addition, the authors have considered the various use cases with their recent issues and how these issues can be resolved using the blockchain technology by proposing some new ideas. A proposed security framework in certain applications using blockchain technology is presented. Finally, the chapter is concluded with future directions.

Building Better India

We can name many industries that are still based on the same working practices and business models that they have had for a long time – maybe since they started. Despite the wealth of modern technology now available, public infrastructure, a critical component for the well-being of the society, is still an industry based on the paperwork, letters, emails, manual approvals, and a large amount of guess work. It involves a lot of manual effort and is also error prone. It is really very hard for the stakeholders and end users to get an update on the progress of the project, which impacts them directly or indirectly. The authors intend to develop a groundbreaking blockchain platform that can meet the needs of all the different stakeholders involved in creating and providing a better infrastructure. They plan to automate the entire process by using smart contracts to minimize paperwork for the government officials. This will not only eliminate the errors that can happen during manual execution but will also provide a real-time update to all the stakeholders in making the process more transparent.

Application of Deep Learning in Biological Big Data Analysis

The meaningful data extraction from the biological big data or omics data is a remaining challenge in bioinformatics. The deep learning methods, which can be used for the prediction of hidden information from the biological data, are widely used in the industry and academia. The authors have discussed the similarity and differences in the widely utilized models in deep learning studies. They first discussed the basic structure of various models followed by their applications in biological perspective. They have also discussed the suggestions and limitations of deep learning. They expect that this chapter can serve as significant perspective for continuous development of its theory, algorithm, and application in the established bioinformatics domain.

Large-Scale Data Streaming in Fog Computing and Its Applications

The emerging trends in fog computing have increased the interests and focus in both industry and academia. Fog computing extends cloud computing facilities like the storage, networking, and computation towards the edge of networks wherein it offloads the cloud data centres and reduces the latency of providing services to the users. This paradigm is like cloud in terms of data, storage, application, and computation services, except with a fundamental difference: it is decentralized. Furthermore, these fog systems can process huge amounts of data locally and can be installed on hardware of different types. These characteristics make fog suitable for time- and location-based applications like internet of things (IoT) devices which can process large amounts of data. In this chapter, the authors present fog data streaming, its architecture, and various applications.

An Insight on the Class Imbalance Problem and Its Solutions in Big Data

Expansion of data in the dimensions of volume, variety, or velocity is leading to big data. Learning from this big data is challenging and beyond capacity of conventional machine learning methods and techniques. Generally, big data getting generated from real-time scenarios is imbalance in nature with uneven distribution of classes. This imparts additional complexity in learning from big data since the class that is underrepresented is more influential and its correct classification becomes critical than that of overrepresented class. This chapter addresses the imbalance problem and its solutions in context of big data along with a detailed survey of work done in this area. Subsequently, it also presents an experimental view for solving imbalance classification problem and a comparative analysis between different methodologies afterwards.

Large-Scale Data Storage Scheme in Blockchain Ledger Using IPFS and NoSQL

The future applications of blockchain are expected to serve millions of users. To provide variety of services to the users, using underlying technology has to consider large-scale storage and assessment behind the scene. Most of the current applications of blockchain are working either on simulators or via small blockchain network. However, the storage issue in the real world is unpredictable. To address the issue of large-scale data storage, the authors have introduced the data storage scheme in blockchain (DSSB). The storage model executes behind the blockchain ledger to store large-scale data. In DSSB, they have used hybrid storage model using IPFS and MongoDB(NoSQL) in order to provide efficient storage for large-scale data in blockchain. In this storage model, they have maintained the content-addressed hash of the transactions on blockchain network to ensure provenance. In DSSB, they are storing the original data (large-scale data) into MongoDB and IPFS. The DSSB model not only provides efficient storage of large-scale data but also provides storage size reduction of blockchain ledger.

Integrating Blockchain and IoT in Supply Chain Management

Internet of things(IoT) is the conception of interfacing the devices to the internet to make life more efficient. It comprises the large amount of data in its network where it fails to assure complete security in the network. Blockchain is a distributed ledger where it mainly focuses on the data security. Every block in the blockchain network is connected to its next block, which prevents threats like large data loss. In the area of agri-food supply chain, where IoT plays a very important role, there occurs data integrity issues or data tampering. This can lead to improper supply chain management, timely shortage of goods, food spoilage, etc. So the traceability of agri-food supply chain is necessary to ensure food safety and to increase the trust between all stakeholders and consumers. Many illegal activities can be prevented, and cold chain monitoring can be achieved by bringing in transparency and traceability.

Blockchain-Based Digital Rights Management Techniques

The usage of information is essential for data-driven capabilities in artificial intelligence. The data-driven AI techniques lead to several security and privacy concerns. Among various digital techniques, digital rights management is required as one of collaboration scheme that ensures the security and privacy of intellectual rights. Though a number of researchers have proposed various security techniques, none of them have proposed an efficient and effective privacy procedure for digital rights. Recently, blockchain technique is considered as one of the major security methods to ensure a transparent communication among individuals. It can be used by various applications such as industries, marketing, transportation systems, etc. The aim of this chapter is to propose an ensured resource allocation algorithm that validates the scheme by comparing various security measures against previous approaches. Further, the proposed phenomenon ensures the transparency on security and privacy due to its integration.

Trust and Reliability Management in Large-Scale Cloud Computing Environments

Trust is a firm belief over a person or a thing in distributed environment based on its feedback on review based on its performance by others. Similarly, in cloud, trust models play an important role in solving various open challenges in cloud environment. This chapter showcases all such issues that can be solved by trust management techniques. This work discourses various trust management models and its categorization. The work discourses existing work using trust models from the field of grid computing, cloud computing, and web services because all these domains are sub child of each other. The work provides an abstract view over all trust models and find the suitable one for cloud and its future prospects.