Language, Physicality, and Mantra

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-39
Author(s):  
Patricia Sauthoff
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Ritual Language ◽  
Incorrect Usage ◽  
Composition Characteristics

Chapter 2 examines the nature of mantra. It first explores ideas of mantras as magic utterances and examines ritual language. This leads to a theoretical discussion that argues against Staal’s assertion that mantras are not speech acts. While Staal’s work is useful for understanding mantras, the chapter claims that the Netra and Svacchanda Tantras anticipate his argument and offer a counterexplanation. The perspective they offer is unique to these two texts, and the Netra Tantra’s twenty-first chapter provides a philosophically rigorous examination into the composition, characteristics, power, and productiveness of mantras. The Netra Tantra offers a tripartite explanation of mantras as formless, disembodied, and embodied or unmanifest potential, potential, and limited potential. This discussion presents the most important feature of mantras: that no matter their form (or lack thereof), the mantra and the deity are inseparable. This too helps explain the importance of encoding the mantra within the text. The chapter ends with a brief section on the practicalities of mantric recitation, namely, in the eleven types of sequences that protect the mantra from impurities such as mispronunciation or incorrect usage. Further, it presents a type of semantic analysis called nirvacana that uses the roots of words to demonstrate the eternal nature of the text itself.

scholarly journals VERBAL AGGRESSION IN THE SYSTEM OF SPEECH ACTS THE TATAR LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6(72) (1) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
G. A. Nabiullina
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
The Individual

Linguistic studies of the communicative culture of Turkic peoples are very relevant in modern linguistics. The purpose of this article is to study the means of expressing verbal aggression in Tatar linguistic culture. The research material is speech clichés with the meaning of speech aggression. Solving the tasks the author uses a descriptive and stylistic method, as well as continuous sampling, processing, interpretation and lexical-semantic analysis methods. The work reveals lexical and semantic methods and features of the expression of verbal aggression in the Tatar language. It is established that in the corpus of lexemes a special place is occupied by the use of colloquial offensive vocabulary, metaphors, epithets expressing insult, humiliation, nonsense, threat and the aggressive emotional state of the individual. The curse-malice (kargyshlar) is one of the idiomatic expressions of aggression directed against a person. The meaning of aggression is often given by interjections, introductory words, particles. The analysis shows that in the Tatar linguistic culture aggression is presented as a form of speech behavior, which is a negative emotional response of a linguistic personality. Excessive use of speech aggression in the colloquial and journalistic spheres of communication and in the language of fiction affects speech culture negatively.

Evidentiality in ritual discourse: The social construction of religious meaning

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohdan Szuchewycz
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Catholic Religion ◽  
Ritual Language ◽  
Religious Meaning ◽  
Ritual Speech ◽  
Micro Analysis

ABSTRACTThe communal creation of religious meaning is here examined in the context of an Irish Catholic Charismatic prayer meeting. Through a micro-analysis of the “spontaneous” ritual language of one such meeting, various discursive strategies are revealed which function to create for the participants an experience of divine/human communication. These include an explicit effort on the part of speakers to construct a thematically consistent and coherent ritual event out of a sequence of apparently spontaneous individual speech acts, as well as a marked use of evidentials to attribute spiritual authorship and authority to personal speech acts. In contrast to what has been suggested as the self-evident nature of ritual speech, the frequent use of evidentials is related to the relatively recent emergence of the movement, its ideology, and its emphasis on the personal narrative as the central form of religious discourse. (Ritual language, evidentials, Catholic religion, charismatic religion, religious movements, authority in discourse)

scholarly journals PENCEMARAN NAMA BAIK: KAJIAN LINGUISTIK FORENSIK

Paramasastra ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mintowati Mintowati
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Legal Sanction ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Points Of View

This paper aims to discuss lingual data of defamation cases based on analysis, lexical semantics, grammatical semantics, and pragmatic analysis (speech acts) which are part of linguistic forensic studies. From the lingual data on defamation that has been analyzed based on the three points of view, the following findings are obtained: (1) based on the lexical semantic analysis found the lexical meaning / meaning of word denotation; (2) based on the grammatical semantic analysis, the meaning of phrases, sentences, and discourse in accordance with the intended by the speaker; (3) there are speech acts of illocution and expressive perlokusi, both from speakers and partners said. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that a speech is classified as defamation and this can be utilized by the investigator as one of the basis for the preparation of the investigation event (BAP) as well as the decision making for the legal sanction for the defamation perpetrator

scholarly journals Actors and Actions in Prenups and Capitulaciones Matrimoniales: A Cross-Cultural Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Olga Denti ◽  
Michela Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Study ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
Human Actors

The investigation of a corpus of American prenuptial agreements and Spanish capitulaciones matrimoniales shows how the popularity of premarital contracts is spreading everywhere. The American and the Spanish documents, juridically diverse in many aspects, embedded in two different legal systems, belong to the genre of contracts and are classified as a type of negotiation/mediation. The lexical and semantic analysis focuses on the specialized terminology used to refer to the human actors and their actions within the documents. The aim is to discover whether and how legal, intercultural and sociological divergences emerge from the textual context. Participants play several roles in the various semantic-pragmatic units constituting the contract, being in turn considered as contracting parties, married couple, notary public, parents, esposos, padres, and otorgantes. Their actions are highlighted by a punctual and proper use of verbal constructions and speech acts, such as asserting, signing, stipulating, agreeing. The study demonstrates how actors and actions do not stand autonomously and separately: they perform and fulfil a specific pragmatic function in a precise legal and cultural context.

scholarly journals Elements of expressionism in the story of A. Green «Gray Car»

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Konstantin S. Pozdnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Hidden Order ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Empirical Material

The topic of the work is relevant, since at present the Russian literary criticism is rediscovering the features of the artistic expression of Soviet literature of the 1920s. The aim of the study was to discover the features of the poetics of Greens text that allow us to identify the novel under consideration as expressionist. Research methods used in the article: comparative-historical and semantic analysis of texts. At the beginning of the article, the research of the novella Gray Car by A.V. Polupanova and L.U. Zvonareva is considered, inaccuracies and obvious factual errors are noted, indicating a lack of understanding of the text, a mixture of such forms of expression of the authors position (according to B.O. Korman) as hero-narrator and author-narrator. As an empirical material, in addition to the novel by A. Green, the works of G. Mayrink, F. Kafka and L. Perutz were used. As a result of consideration of the novels the Golem, Castle, the Cossack and the Nightingale, the Wizard of judgment was allocated with the following features art in the world of the expressionist literary works: a) the problem of identity associated, as a rule, the main character; 2) semema madness, which became a constant for expressionist texts; 3) mysterious (hidden) order of a seemingly chaotic world; 4) the lack of success of speech acts. All these features were found in the story of A. Green, so it seems that the new approach to the work of the writer as a representative of Russian expressionism, demonstrates its consistency and can be contrasted with the more traditional consideration of the authors prose as a super-textual unity.

scholarly journals Finding a model for contrastive lexical semantics: A look at verbal communication verbs

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 195-215
Author(s):  
Åke Viberg
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Parallel Corpus ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Decompositional Analysis

A basic problem for contrastive lexical studies in general is to find a model for the semantic analysis. This paper is one in a series of corpus-based contrastive studies of the field of Verbal Communication Verbs (VCVs) in English and Swedish. Searle’s classification of speech acts serves as an important starting point but is not directly concerned with lexical structure, which is a major concern for the two theories that are compared in this study. FrameNet based on Fillmore’s theory of semantic frames and Wierzbicka’s theory of semantic primitives (or “primes”). The theories are applied and tested on data from the English Swedish Parallel Corpus (ESPC) containing English and Swedish original texts together with their translations into the other language. Primarily two groups of English verbs and their Swedish correspondents will be analyzed: (1) Information verbs such as tell, inform, notify, report, narrate and describe and (2) Speech activity verbs such as talk, speak, chat, converse, gossip, discuss, debate, negotiate and bargain. There is also an analysis of Swedish berätta ‘tell, narrate’ based on the Multilingual Parallel Corpus (MPC) as an example of multilingual contrastive analysis. Frames relate in a clear way the conceptual structure and the syntactic argument structure, which is very useful in a contrastive study. However, the definition of the meaning of individual verbs is incomplete and needs to be complemented with some kind of decompositional analysis such as the theory of semantic primes. A special section is devoted to an analysis of a large number of compound and derived forms of the Swedish verb tala ‘speak’ and a discussion of how contrasts in morphological structure can affect the lexical contrasts between two languages.

Whose face to be saved? Mubarak’s or Egypt’s? A pragma-semantic analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir H.Y. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The 25th of January, 2011 witnessed a wave of political unrest all over Egypt, with repercussions that have re-shaped the future of contemporary Egypt. For the first time in the modern history of Egypt since the 1952 Nasserite revolution, grass-root protestors went to streets chanting slogans against the military regime headed by the (since then ex-) President of Egypt, Hosni Mubarak. This placed the then regime, as well as its mainstay, the National Democratic Party (NDP), in a political crisis on both local and international scales. It is this critical moment that led Mubarak to give his unprecedented speech on February 1st, 2011. The speech has brought about epoch-making political changes in the history of contemporary Egypt. Under public pressure, two seminal declarations were made in this speech: (1) Mubarak’s intention not to nominate himself for a new presidential term; (2) a call on the Houses of Parliament to amend articles 76 and 77 of the constitution concerning the conditions on running for presidency and the period for the presidential term in Egypt. The present paper seeks to answer the following overarching question: what are the discursive strategies used for saving the political face of Mubarak in his speech on February 1st, 2011? I follow a text-analytic framework based on the socio-semantic theory of social actors and the pragmatic models of speech acts and face-threatening acts. The analysis reveals Mubarak’s attempt to save his positive political face as a legitimate President who regarded himself as the official ruler invested with absolute power over Egypt.

A semantic metalanguage for a crosscultural comparison of speech acts and speech genres

1985 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Speech Genres ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Area Of Study

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses a number of speech acts and speech genres from English, Polish, and Japanese, approaching them through the words which name them. It is claimed that folk names of speech acts and speech genres are culture-specific and provide an important source of insight into communicative routines most characteristic of a given society; and that to fully exploit this source one must carry Out a rigorous semantic analysis of such names and express the results of this analysis in a culture-independent semantic metalanguage. The author proposes such a metalanguage and illustrates her approach with numerous detailed semantic analyses. She suggests that analyses of speech acts and speech genres carried out in terms of English folk labels are ethnocentric and unsuitable for crosscultural comparison. She tries to show how folk labels of speech acts and speech genres characteristic of a given language reflect salient features of the culture associated with that language, and how the use of the proposed semantic metalanguage, derived from natural language, helps to achieve the desired double goal of insight and rigor in this area of study. (Speech acts, speech genres, semantics, lexicography, language and culture)

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