Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-61
Author(s):  
Mukulika Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Social Imaginaries ◽  
Complete Dominance ◽  
Electoral Change ◽  
Paddy Cultivation ◽  
Left Front

Chapter 2 provides a detailed account of the three key stories of change that form the backdrop to this study—in paddy cultivation, electoral politics, and the practice of Islam. The two villages of Madanpur and Chishti (pseudonyms) are described. The changing dynamics of paddy cultivation and the challenges of the Green Revolution are introduced, as are the basic programs of land reform undertaken by communist governments. The story of huge electoral change from near-complete dominance of the communist parties of the Left Front from 1977 to their rout by Trinamool Congress in 2013 thirty four years later is outlined. The particular story of Islam, the origin of the elite Syeds from an Iranian ancestor, and present-day dynamics with reformist Islam are presented. Charles Taylor’s idea of “social imaginaries”—a key concept in the book—is discussed here.

scholarly journals An East Asian Approach to Rural Development: A Comparative of the Saemaul Undong and FELDA Programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-98
Author(s):  
Nurliana Kamaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
National Development ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Federal Land ◽  
Northeast Asian

The study of East Asia has generally focused on its national development experience with emphasis given to industrial urban-based growth. However, the region has also been credited for impressive rural growth due to the Northeast Asian land reform and overall investment for a Green Revolution by states. Less emphasis has been given to a comparative exploration of different rural development programs that existed. Studies on rural development programs within the region have been diverse with case-specific perspectives, rather than in accordance with a unified conceptualization of what it means to have successful rural development. This article attempts to address that gap by evaluating two cases, the South Korean Saemaul Undong and the Malaysian Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA). It applies three different development perspectives; the neoliberal approach, the developmental state approach, and the humancentered approach, to determine the degree to which these programs can be considered successful. An East Asian conceptualization of successful rural development is identified based on an emphasis on government capacity, grassroots participation, a shared mentality for national development and a prioritization on building human capital.

scholarly journals Biocultural Heritages in Mallorca: Explaining the Resilience of Peasant Landscapes within a Mediterranean Tourist Hotspot, 1870–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Murray ◽  
Gabriel Jover-Avellà ◽  
Onofre Fullana ◽  
Enric Tello
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Traditional Farming ◽  
Agrarian Capitalism ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Biocultural Heritage ◽  
Ecological Transition

Mallorca keeps an age-old biocultural heritage embodied in their appealing landscapes, largely exploited as an intangible tourist asset. Although hotel and real estate investors ignore or despise the peasant families who still persevere in farming amidst this worldwide-known tourist hotspot, the Balearic Autonomous Government has recently started a pay-for-ecosystem-services scheme based on the tourist eco-tax collection that offers grants to farmers that keep the Majorcan cultural landscapes alive, while a growing number of them have turned organic. How has this peasant heritage survived within such a global tourist capitalist economy? We answer this question by explaining the socio-ecological transition experienced from the failure of agrarian capitalism in the island, and the ensuing peasantization process during the first half of the 20th century through a local banking-driven and market-oriented land reform. Then, the early tourist specialization during the second half of the 20th century and the spatial concentration of the Green Revolution only in certain areas of the island meant a deep marginalization of peasant farming. Ironically, only a smallholder peasantry could keep cultivating these sustenance-oriented marginal areas where traditional farming was partially maintained and is currently being reinvigorated by turning organic. Now the preservation of these biocultural landscapes, and the keeping of the ecosystem services it provides to Majorcan society, requires keeping this peasantry alive.

scholarly journals Origin and evolution of tomato production Lycopersicon esculentum in México

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarsicio Medina Saavedra ◽  
Gabriela Arroyo Figueroa ◽  
Jorge Gustavo Dzul Cauih
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Ecological Principles ◽  
The World

ABSTRACT: Lycopersicon esculentum known as tomato, although has an Andean origin is a contribution of Mexico to the world is, being the first agricultural product to be exported. This research aimed to review the literature in relation to the origin and evolution of the production of tomato in Mexico within the historical development of the country. In ancient times, the tomato was cultivated in milpas (open field) and chinampas (artificial islands for riparian agriculture) using sustainable methods. Spanish colonizers showed the tomato to the rest of the world and diversified its uses. In independent Mexico, haciendas and railroads integrated the different farming regions. Production decreased during the Mexican revolution, and with land reform, the milpa returned. During the Green Revolution (1970), Sinaloa stood out, with the separation of two systems, subsistence, and modern with technology programs. Biotechnological development (1990) emerged parallel to organic production. So actually with this system, we could return to more sustainable pre-Hispanic ecological principles with less environmental impact.

scholarly journals Neem Coated Urea (NCU), An Efficient Nitrogen Source for Paddy Cultivation: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashvin Kumar Meena ◽  
R.N. Meena ◽  
Kartikeya Choudhary ◽  
Anoop Kumar Devedee ◽  
Kamlesh Meena
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Paddy Cultivation ◽  
The Right

Green revolution dramatically change the nitrogen application in paddy cultivation and day by day its demand increased but excessive and imbalanced use of nitrogen fertilizer has raised certain global concerns, also its low nitrogen use efficiency. Nitrogen is required in huge amounts for rice and supply of N in the right amount, at the right rate and at right time throughout the growing season is most important to increase the yield. Approximately 90% of the N-fertilizer applied worldwide is in the NH4+ form, which is rapidly oxidized to NO3- by soil nitrifier bacteria. Whereas, NCU temporarily delays the bacterial oxidation of the ammonium-nitrogen by depressing over a certain period of time the activity of Nitrosomonas bacteria in the soil. So far more than 75 studies have been conducted to study the performance of NCU in increasing the yield of rice and several other crops. In rice more than 30% of the urea consumed in India is applied, the mean increase in grain yield by replacing urea with NCU is 5 to 6%. NCU has been observed to improve nitrogen use efficiency and subsequently grain yield of rice. Possibly, applying NCU following the site-specific nutrient management principles will lead to paddy production of higher levels as observed with ordinary urea but with lower fertilizer application rates.

scholarly journals LAND REFORMS IN AN INDIAN STATE: LESSONS FROM THE EXPERIENCES OF IMPLEMENTATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Prabhat Kumar Datta ◽  
Panchali Sen
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
The Poor ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Left Front

Until the shift of developmental policy in India in 1990s the state used to play an instrumental role India’s development. By the time India attained independence it was widely regarded that semi feudal landlordism was the main obstacle in the way of national economic regeneration. In this paper an attempt has been to capture the processes of land reforms in India’s West Bengal under the Left Front rule and to critically review impact of this programme on village society. This paper also seeks to identify reasons with the help of empirical studies why it has not been possible for the Left Front Government to achieve the declared objectives of the programme. Major transformations in economic, social and political fields during the first two decades of the Left Front rule characterized by the successful implementation of land reform programmes but failed to produce sustained benefits to the poor beneficiaries of land reforms. The panchayat institutions were unsuccessful in making the poor realize that the existing social situation was not conducive for meeting their basic needs. The concluding part of the paper tries to bring together the lessons that the other countries or states in a federal system can learn from the experiences of implementation of land reforms programme in West Bengal. 

Green Revolution, Land Reform, and Household Income Distribution in the Philippines

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keijiro Otsuka ◽  
Violeta Cordova ◽  
Cristina C. David
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
The Philippines

scholarly journals Determinants of Redistributive Politics: An Empirical Analysis of Land Reforms in West Bengal, India

2010 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1572-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranab Bardhan ◽  
Dilip Mookherjee
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Reform Implementation ◽  
Political Determinants ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lack Of Commitment ◽  
Left Front

We investigate political determinants of land reform implementation in the Indian state of West Bengal. Using a village panel spanning 1974–1998, we do not find evidence supporting the hypothesis that land reforms were positively and monotonically related to control of local governments by a Left Front coalition vis-à-vis the right-centrist Congress party, combined with lack of commitment to policy platforms. Instead, the evidence is consistent with a quasi-Downsian theory stressing the role of opportunism (reelection concerns) and electoral competition.(JEL D72, O13, O17, Q15)

Political Realignment

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Politics ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Green Parties ◽  
Electoral Change ◽  
Political Realignment ◽  
The Impact

The pace of electoral change is accelerating in contemporary democracies. This study explains why. Green parties, far right parties, and shifting voting patterns reflect deeper processes of electoral realignment. This book tracks the evolution of citizen and party elite opinions on economic and cultural issues from the 1970s to the 2010s—and the impact of these opinions on electoral politics. Economic issues remain important predictors of vote, but are now matched by cultural issues. An unprecedented time series of empirical evidence from Europe and the United States shows how these changes have reshaped party systems, and the policy linkages between voters and parties.

Beyond Conspiracy and Coordinated Ascendancy: Revisiting Caste Question in West Bengal under the Left Front Rule (1977–2011)

2021 ◽  
pp. 2455328X2110084
Author(s):  
Ayan Guha
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Unintended Consequence ◽  
Political Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Tactics ◽  
Lower Castes ◽  
Left Front

This article has critically engaged with the speculative claim that the disappearance of caste question from public discourse during Left rule in West Bengal was a result of conscious upper-caste ploy to silence articulation of caste interests and tactfully eliminate the possibility of Dalit political assertion. To verify the veracity of this claim, this study has critically scrutinized Left Front’s political mobilization strategy of rural population and also its landmark land reform initiative. The investigation attempted by this article, in this regard, has revealed that there is little to suggest the existence of any organized upper-caste conspiracy. It is, however, true that the articulation and aggregation of political demands along the lines of caste was indeed averted in West Bengal through political tactics and developmental strategies devised by the upper castes. But, the marginalization of the caste question in mainstream politics was an unintended consequence of such political tactics and developmental strategies which were primarily designed with the objective to preserve and enlarge the political support base, rather than to contain the lower castes. Thus, political motives acted as far more important determinants of political and developmental activities rather than any inherent caste bias.

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