Abundant Properties

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer McKitrick
Keyword(s):  
Causal Powers ◽  
The Real ◽  
Trope Theory ◽  
Property Instances ◽  
Semantic Values

On an abundant conception of properties, properties serve as semantic values for most predicates and property names. Abundance is central to Dispositional Pluralism. Dispositional Pluralism is compatible with different theories of the metaphysics of properties. According to universalism (realism) properties are universals that are wholly present wherever they are instantiated. According to extensionalism (class nominalism) properties are sets of objects. According to trope theory, properties are sets of particular property instances, or tropes. In any case, properties correspond to sets of objects. Abundance is preferable to sparsity—the view that only an elite minority of sets of particulars correspond to properties. On most sparse views, the “real” properties are largely unknown. Consequently, sparse properties are unfit for the roles properties are posited to play: They rarely serve as the semantic values of predicates; they do not explain familiar causal powers; and it is not clear how they explain apparent similarities.

scholarly journals Hume: três problemas centrais

DoisPontos ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Causal Inference ◽  
David Hume ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Causal Beliefs ◽  
Causal Powers ◽  
Causal Induction ◽  
The Real ◽  
Sensible Qualities

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir três problemas centrais na filosofia de David Hume. O primeiro é o do papel da associação de idéias: no Tratado há dois conceitos distintos dessa associação, falha corrigida na primeira Investigação, em que é eliminado o conceito de “associação costumeira” e não se atribui à associação qualquer papel na formação de inferências causais. O segundo diz respeito ao verdadeiro papel da indução. A filosofia humeana trata da descoberta dos poderes causais dos objetos, sem nunca se ocupar de generalizações acerca de qualidades sensíveis. Hume descobriu o problema da “indução causal”, mas apenas como conseqüência de sua análise da inferência causal. O último de nossos problemas é o do exato conceito humeano daquele instinto que ele chama de “costume ou hábito”. O princípio de Hume mostra ser apenas uma sensibilidade à repetição de conjunções, sendo relevante apenas o elemento “repetição”, sem haver qualquer influência significativa da passagem do tempo, o que impede a interpretação desse princípio como “habituação” ou algo equivalente. Hume: three majors problems Abstract This article aims to discuss three central problems in David Hume’s philosophy. A first central problem in Hume’s philosophy concerns the role of the association of ideas: there are in the Treatise two distinct concepts of this association, a negligence that was corrected in the first Enquiry, where the concept of “customary association” is eliminated and no role is assigned to association in the formation of causal beliefs. The second is about the real meaning of induction. Hume’s philosophy discusses the discovery of the causal powers of objects, setting aside any generalisation about sensible qualities. Hume did discover the problem of “causal induction”, but only as a consequence of his analysis of causal inference. The last of our three problems concerns the exact Humean concept of the instinct he calls “custom or habit”. It is noticeable that Hume´s principle is just sensitiveness to the repetition of conjunctions, with no meaningful influence of the passage of time, and this goes against any interpretation of this principle as “becoming accustomed” or anything of the kind.

scholarly journals Triangles, Tropes, and τὰ τοιαʋ ̃τα: A Platonic Trope Theory

Plato Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Christopher Buckels
Keyword(s):  
Standard Interpretation ◽  
Trope Theory ◽  
Property Instances

A standard interpretation of Plato’s metaphysics holds that sensible particulars are images of Forms. Such particulars are fairly independent, like Aristotelian substances. I argue that this is incorrect: Platonic particulars are not Form images but aggregates of Form images, which are property-instances (tropes). Timaeus 49e-50a focuses on “this-suches” (toiauta) and even goes so far as to claim that they compose other things. I argue that Form images are this-suches, which are tropes. I also examine the geometrical account, showing that the geometrical constituents of the elements are also Form images. Thus everything in the sensible world is composed of tropes.

scholarly journals Vers le sens social du phénomène du djihad : cas des djihadistes

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
Patrycja Chruściel
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Social ◽  
Semantic Values

TOWARDS THE SOCIAL MEANING OF THE JIHAD PHENOMENON. THE CASE OF JIHADISTSThe aim of this article is to describe the elements of social meaning given by the French news­papers to the phenomenon of jihad. In this purpose, we adopt the methods of the school of discourse analysis. We study the discursive moment of press production about jihad which emerged after the real event of November 13, 2015. The analysis of this production in a defined time frame makes it possible to establish a list of reformulations of the headword djihadistes in French and to observe semantic values which are attributed to them in the discourse although they do not appear in their common lexical definitions.

Scanning electron microscopy of human iliac bone by a simple preparation method

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Takita ◽  
Tomonori Naguro ◽  
Toshio Kameie ◽  
Akihiro Iino ◽  
Kichizo Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Recently with the increase in advanced age population, the osteoporosis becomes the object of public attention in the field of orthopedics. The surface topography of the bone by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is one of the most useful means to study the bone metabolism, that is considered to make clear the mechanism of the osteoporosis. Until today many specimen preparation methods for SEM have been reported. They are roughly classified into two; the anorganic preparation and the simple preparation. The former is suitable for observing mineralization, but has the demerit that the real surface of the bone can not be observed and, moreover, the samples prepared by this method are extremely fragile especially in the case of osteoporosis. On the other hand, the latter has the merit that the real information of the bone surface can be obtained, though it is difficult to recognize the functional situation of the bone.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

Current Issues: Evidence-Based Practice for the Real World: Thoughts on Clinical Education in Communication Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Bothe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Education ◽  
Real World ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Real ◽  
Language Pathology

This article presents some streamlined and intentionally oversimplified ideas about educating future communication disorders professionals to use some of the most basic principles of evidence-based practice. Working from a popular five-step approach, modifications are suggested that may make the ideas more accessible, and therefore more useful, for university faculty, other supervisors, and future professionals in speech-language pathology, audiology, and related fields.

Preparing Future Professionals—What’s the Real Story?

ASHA Leader ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ellen Uffen
Keyword(s):  
The Real

The real cost of pain management

Anaesthesia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1031-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Cost
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