Forced sterilization under the NazisPreventing people with neuropsychiatric disorders from polluting the German gene pool

2020 ◽  
pp. 319-370
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Zeidman
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Huntington's Chorea ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
Forced Sterilization ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Appeals Courts ◽  
Symptomatic Epilepsy ◽  
The Law

The first negative eugenic measure passed by the Hitler regime in July 1933 was the forced sterilization law, which primarily targeted neuropsychiatric patients with “feeblemindedness,” schizophrenia, and epilepsy. Also included were Huntington’s chorea, bipolar disorder, and alcoholism, along with other congenital defects. The law was based on a prior Weimar Germany draft that was never enacted. Although Germany was late to enact a sterilization law, it was more rapidly implemented and executed than in other countries. In 12 years of the Nazi regime, 400,000 people were forcibly sterilized. The hypocritical execution of the law, supposedly foolproof because of the use of “hereditary health courts” and appeals courts, resulted in people of lower socioeconomic background being preferentially affected, and also in non-hereditary forms of diseases (e.g., symptomatic epilepsy) being included. Most in German neuroscience also seemed unconcerned with the 0.5% mortality rate of sterilization procedures, resulting in at least 2000 deaths.

A phenomenological exploration of change towards healthier food purchasing behaviour in women from a lower socioeconomic background using a health app

Appetite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 104566
Author(s):  
Sarah Jane Flaherty ◽  
Mary B. McCarthy ◽  
Alan M. Collins ◽  
Claire McCafferty ◽  
Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Food Purchasing ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour ◽  
Phenomenological Exploration

Some Psychological Correlates of Civil Rights Activity

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy A. Evans ◽  
Sheldon Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
External Control ◽  
Ego Strength ◽  
Psychological Correlates ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Group Memberships

Northern Negroes and whites at varying levels of participation in college student civil rights groups were compared with selected groups of northern, Negro non-members of civil rights groups on a number of personality and demographic variables (race, geographic location). Negro Actives showed more repression and ego strength than Negto non-actives. White Actives showed less social approval motivation and less repression than Negro Actives. In contrast to studies of southern Negroes, in this study, Negro Actives came from a lower socioeconomic background than Negro non-actives; internal vs external control of reinforcement and number of non-civil rights group memberships were unrelated to civil rights activity level. Factors other than activity level are important in predicting personality and demographic differences among civil rights activists and non-activists. The importance of additonal empirical research is also discussed.

Why do Swedes use less cash-for-childcare than Norwegians?

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
Julia Höppner
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explain the rather large difference in the take-up of the cash-for-childcare (CFC) benefit between Norway and Sweden. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach is employed, including the analysis of descriptive statistics of data on parents’ attitudes concerning the distribution of paid work and care and a robust regression analysis of data on parents’ behaviour regarding the distribution of paid work and care. Findings The results show that attitudes regarding childcare and mothers’ and fathers’ employment differ in the two countries. Swedish parents support public childcare and a gender equal employment distribution more than Norwegians. Thereby, attitudinal differences explain why Norwegian parents use the benefit more frequently. The findings indicate that in Sweden, parents’ socioeconomic background affects the duration of public childcare to a lesser extent than in Norway. Nevertheless, the economic incentives of the CFC benefit are more attractive for families with lower socioeconomic status. This explains why Swedes respond less to the incentives of the CFC benefit than Norwegians. Originality/value While previous research has focussed on the effect of policies on the take-up of the CFC benefit, this study shows that parents’ attitudes and behaviour are important explanatory variables to explain differences in the take-up of the benefit.

How to Find the Law

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
George J. Annas
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
Court System ◽  
District Courts ◽  
Appeals Courts ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Student ◽  
Law Library ◽  
Federal District Courts

The purpose of this column is not to teach you how to use the law library to perform legal research (something very few lawyers know how to do efficiently), but to give you enough information so that you can locate the legal materials cited in Nursing Law & Ethics. To locate most references cited in this newsletter, you will have to use a law library. The first rule of research in any unfamiliar library is, of course, to ask the reference librarian for assistance.All law schools have substantial libraries, as do many local bar associations. To obtain admission to the law library of your local law school, you may need special permission from the school or the assistance of a law student. Once inside, you will discover the principal problem with writing about “the law” in the United States: each of the 50 states has its own court system and legislature, and therefore, each has its own set of statutes and case reporters. Superimposed on this structure is a system of federal district courts and federal appeals courts.

scholarly journals An Investigation of Pakistani University Students’ Socioeconomic Classes, Gender and Dimensions in Epistemological Beliefs: Dependencies and Interlinks probed by Structural Equation Modeling Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-643
Author(s):  
Rafaquat Ali ◽  
Furrukh Bashir ◽  
Hafeez Ur Rehman ◽  
Rashid Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
University Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Epistemological Beliefs ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Impact

Epistemological beliefs impact all aspects of students’ academic and learning behaviours. The different dimensions of epistemological beliefs comprise structure, source, certainty, ability to learns and speed to learn. The students’ naive and inadequate epistemological beliefs can have negative impacts on their regulation of learning, self-efficacy, interest in study, academic performance and persistence in studies. Likewise, the socioeconomic background can explain various differences in students’ beliefs. Epistemological beliefs have social and cultural underpinnings as well. For these reasons, the researchers examined the impact of university students’ socioeconomic classes on their epistemological beliefs. In survey research design, the data were collected from university students in an online survey. The structural equation modeling approach was chosen to detect significant regression paths in the model. The lower and upper lower socioeconomic classes were found to have significant impact on students’ epistemological beliefs. The variable gender did not appear to make significant contribution to students’ epistemological beliefs. The naive beliefs can severely impact university students’ academic behaviour, therefore epistemological beliefs of students from lower and upper lower socioeconomic backgrounds should be challenged and improved.

scholarly journals ‘Ow Cockney is Beckham Twenty Years On? An Investigation into H-dropping and T-glottaling

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Sofia Dahou ◽  
Jasmine Hamlin
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Football Player ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Linguistic Change ◽  
Language Choices ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Celebrity Status ◽  
The Common ◽  
Social Causes

This research paper examines how language change can occur across the lifespan through the linguistic analysis of East Londoner, and world renowned football player, David Beckham. Specifically, we look at his use of the consonantal variables of t-glottaling and h-dropping and how the frequency of these forms change over a 20-year period. We discuss the background of the linguistic phenomena under investigation and the common environments in which these non-standard variants are likely to occur. We also take a closer look at how the forms are being used in certain phonotactic environments, for example, word-medial and word-final positions, and the potential reasons behind them being less common when preceding or following certain sounds. We discuss some common theories associated with language change across the lifespan, using quantitative data to find trends and qualitative interpretation to suggest social causes for our findings. The paper allows us to critically evaluate language change theories, such as Labov’ s (1978) apparent time theory.In designing our study, we hypothesised that Beckham would be seen to undergo linguistic change from his classic East London Cockney features to more prestigious forms. As t-glottaling and h-dropping are stigmatised forms which are commonly associated with a working-class background, we believed that Beckham would go from using a high rate of these variants in his teenage years, due to his lower socioeconomic background, to producing standard /t/ and /h/ more frequently, reflecting his dramatic upward social climb. Due to his rise to fame, we expected that his celebrity status would bring an added pressure to speak in a “correct”  manner, therefore influencing Beckham to opt for the standard variants more frequently. The variants we looked at are also commonly associated with younger speakers, so we expected Beckham’ s aging to further affect his language.Our results support our hypothesis, showing the extent to which David Beckham’s language choices have changed over time. We found that he showed a significant decrease in both h-dropping and t-glottaling in all phonotactic environments. However, we also found a surprisingly high rate of t-glottalisation before consonants and after vowels in Beckham’ s 2014 recordings. Our data support theories concerning age, social class, sex and dialect convergence. Overall, our paper offers insight into the methodology and theory surrounding language change across the lifespan through the analysis of particular linguistics variables of an English speaker.

scholarly journals Continuities and Discontinuities: Antiziganism in Germany and Italy (1900-1938)

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-80
Author(s):  
Jennifer Illuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
Executive Authority ◽  
Legislative Policies ◽  
The Law

In both Germany and Italy before WWI, populations labelled as Gypsies found themselves in a “state of exception” which aimed at their elimination from the nation-state by targeting them with policies emanating from the executive. Both states adhered to the liberal idea of equality before the law, but used the flexibility provided by executive authority to pressure Gypsies to leave the state. After WWI, both Germany and Italy were forced to retain “Gypsies” inside the state as a result of changing geopolitical circumstances. However, in fascist Italy before WWII, executive authorities continued to operate in a “state of exception” and ceased adhering to the rule of law, interning Gypsies in concentration camps and seeking to eliminate them through forced assimilation. In Weimar Germany, legislative policies sought to eliminate Gypsies through bringing them inside of the law. The contradiction between increasingly racialized notion of Gypsy inassimilability and forced assimilation’s inevitable failures certainly laid the groundwork for extreme measures in both places during WWII.

Negotiating Identity While Scaling the Walls of the Ivory Tower

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Refugia Olivas
Keyword(s):  
Graduate School ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Ivory Tower ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Identity Constructions ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Within these pages I engaged in critical autoethnographic storytelling, referred to as cuentos, to highlight the reflexive processes impacting my identity negotiation while in graduate school (an “Appendix” further explicating this critical autoethnographic approach is also provided). As will be seen, the reflexivity necessary to explore the impact my past had on my interactions while a graduate student stemmed from understanding borderland theorizing (Anzaldúa, 1987). Through cuentos about my Mago, Margaret Ruth, Margo, and Margarita Refugia identity constructions, I painfully expose lived experiences representing surreal, emotional, often devastating, unshakable, and unbelievable lived realities. In contrast to the cuentos sections of this article, the scaling the walls of the Ivory Tower sections are presented in a less emotional, more intellectual state of mind reflecting borderland theorizing about (post)colonial wounds and assimilationist socialization processes that eventually lead to my emerging conciencia de la Mestizo—processes that bring to light academic and socialization challenges I faced while attending graduate school as a racial/ethnic minority woman and single mother of lower socioeconomic background.

scholarly journals Meningioma Infiltrative Accompanied by Organic Delusional Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Ahmad Asmedi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Brain Mass ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Female Predominance ◽  
Perifocal Oedema ◽  
The Right

A B S T R A C TIntroduction. Meningiomas are primary extra-axial tumours of the central nervoussystem (CNS) with an incidence of 2 in 100,000 in adults. There is an estimate of a3: 1 female predominance of these tumours mainly due to the action of estrogen.Meningiomas are commonly associated with headaches, imbalances, visualdisturbances, and other neurological problems which can be very debilitating. Thiscase report will describe a case of a brain tumour accompanied by psychiatricdisorders. Case presentation. Mrs W, a 37 years old woman, a housewife, Javanese,Moslem, married, lower socioeconomic background, came with her family to theNeurology polyclinic because she experienced changes in behaviour since sevenmonths ago in the form of much silence, daydreaming, cannot communicate,sometimes talking to herself, eating drinking and bathing must be helped and served.Four months before being admitted to the hospital, because the patient's headachesworsened and the patient became increasingly withdrawn, accompanied by weaknessin both legs. From the results of CT-scan with contrast, the results showed that themeningioma infiltrates and perifocal oedema, which caused subfalcine herniation asfar as 2.73 cm to the right. Conclusion. Infiltrative meningioma is often accompaniedby mental disorders in the form of personality changes, depressive-like symptomsand neurological symptoms. Clinicians should be able to detect a brain mass so thatmanagement can be undertaken immediately.

Effect of Peer Counselors on Adolescent Compliance in Use of Oral Contraceptives

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
M. Susan Jay ◽  
Robert H. DuRant ◽  
Tamsen Shoffitt ◽  
Charles W. Linder ◽  
Iris F. Litt
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Pregnancy ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Counseling Program ◽  
Guttman Scale ◽  
Appointment Adherence ◽  
Peer Counselors ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic

Poor compliance with contraceptive regimens has been shown to be an important antecedent of adolescent pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to test prospectively the effect of a peer v nurse counseling program on adolescent compliance with the use of oral contraceptives. Fifty-seven females aged 14 to 19 years from a lower socioeconomic background were randomly assigned to a peer (n = 26) or nurse (n = 31) group. At the initial visit and at 1-, 2-, and 4-month follow-up visits, subjects received Ortho-Novum 1/35 combined with a tablet marker and were counseled by a nurse or peer. Noncompliance was measured using a Guttman scale consisting of: (1) avoidance of pregnancy, (2) appointment adherence, (3) pill count, and (4) urinary fluorescence for riboflavin. At the first and second follow-ups, the adolescents counseled by a peer had a significantly (P ≤.038) lower noncompliance level than the nurse-counseled group. Adolescents with more frequent sexual activity (P ≤.027), with one sexual partner (P <.04), and who worried that they might become pregnant (P ≤.01) had significantly lower levels of noncompliance when counseled by a peer than by a nurse. At the fourth month follow-up, adolescents who expressed feelings of hopelessness about the future had significantly (P ≤.036) higher levels of noncompliance when counseled by a nurse than when counseled by a peer. These results suggest that incorporating a peer counselor into the health care team may be an effective method of increasing adolescent compliance.

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