The Roman Annexation and Administration of Cyprus

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-56
Author(s):  
Ersin Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Local Interactions ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
New Material ◽  
Ptolemaic Egypt ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Material Record ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Roman Administration

The events leading up to and surrounding the annexation of Cyprus from Ptolemaic Egypt by Rome and the administration of the island have been studied at length. For the sake of brevity, this chapter summarizes key details in light of recent scholarly interpretations of the events that occurred throughout this period of transition in the island’s history (from Ptolemaic to Roman, then back to Ptolemaic rule, before securely returning to Roman rule once and for all in 30 BC). Literary evidence has been crucial for understanding the organization and character of Roman administration of the island from 58 to 22 BC. After 22 BC, literary references of the identities and activities of Roman officials posted to the island are sparse, and from here on it is the material record that is most instructive. This chapter examines familiar, previously overlooked, and new material, to analyse further the nature of local interactions with Rome’s representatives. The available evidence for the proconsuls of Roman Cyprus significantly outweighs information for other officials; therefore, this study deals only with their representation and does not address records of their subordinates. The following features of the epigraphic, numismatic, and literary sources will be examined: where monuments were set up, by whom and why; the use of epithets; and in general, the use of epigraphic conventions and language. This chapter presents a revised list of proconsuls before closing with discussion of local levels of administration—notably the koinon Kuprion

The Corrupting Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Bond
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Roman History ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Law ◽  
Institutional Decline ◽  
Roman Administration

The chapter focuses on a period that has often been described in terms of a moral and institutional decline. It interrogates both legal and literary sources pertaining to imperial Roman administration, and asks to what extent do they offer evidence of increasing corruption or merely greater awareness of its debilitating effects. In addition, it also explores the extent to which the rhetoric of corruption itself can be seen as an anticorruption tactic on the part of some elites, with the power to shape norms outside the formal remit of the law. Ultimately, what it shows is that, though corruption may not have been a problem unique to the later Roman Empire, the array and severity of anticorruption tactics introduced during this period do distinguish it from previous eras of Roman history.

Printers to Hendrik Niclaes: Plantin and Augustijn van Hasselt

Quaerendo ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Valkema Blouw
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Family ◽  
Religious Sect ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Publishing Business

AbstractFrom the chronicles of the Family of Love we know that, besides printers in Deventer and later in Cologne, both Plantin and Augustijn van Hasselt printed for this religious sect. On the basis of this information quite a large number of publications have hitherto been attributed to Plantin, while only one single edition in Latin was reckoned to be the work of Augustijn. An analysis of the typography, however, shows that apart from Hendrik Niclaes's chief work, Den Spegel der Gherechticheyt, Plantin only printed two of his minor writings and that all the other ascriptions to Plantin must be revised in favour of Augustijn van Hasselt. In 1561-2 Augustijn was running a printing shop in the Dutch town of Kampen, specially set up by HN for the purpose of publishing those of his works that had not previously been printed. Plantin, who was partly involved in this enterprise, took the opportunity to have a book printed on this press for his publishing business. The analysis providing the typographical evidence of this collaboration proves for the first time the accuracy of the literary sources as regards Plantin's involvement in the publication of the works of Hendrik Niclaes. In the presentation of the new evidence it was necessary to establish more clearly the date of Plantin's '[1561]' inventory and which roman and German types he owned at what times. The article ends with some notes regarding the end of the 'Bohmbargen' press at Cologne.

Soldiers in the Epigraphy of Ptolemaic Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-158
Author(s):  
Christelle Fischer-Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Ptolemaic Egypt ◽  
Funerary Inscriptions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Military ◽  
Over Time

Soldiers are heavily represented within the corpus of Greek inscriptions from Egypt, sometimes acting individually—especially officers—and sometimes as a group. The most common types of documents are dedications, along with signatures and proskynemata (acts of adoration)—generally simply graffiti. Smaller in number are the funerary inscriptions (mostly from Alexandria), and finally a few honorific decrees and petitions involving soldiers. The aim of this chapter is more generally to explain why there were so many inscriptions concerning soldiers and why their number increased over time, through the analysis of their content, form, and functions. Dedicatory inscriptions offer the clearest evidence for investigating this increase and therefore are the focus of the chapter, though some of the new habits are also reflected in other types of inscriptions. A number of inscriptions set up by members of the military were also preserved in hieroglyphs and Demotic Egyptian on statues and stelai and sometimes concern individuals who are also known from the Greek documentation.

Collaboration with Nazi Germany in Eastern Europe: the Case of the Estonian Security Police

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Bettina Birn
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
New Material ◽  
Set Up

Little has been written about collaboration with the Nazi occupiers in eastern Europe. Using new material from former Soviet archives, the issue of the security police in Estonia is presented as a case study. The commander of the German security police deliberately set up a structure whereby German and Estonian police officers worked closely together, thereby minimising the need for German personnel. Although the security police dealt with the issues which were politically and ideologically the most important, non-Germans like Estonians were accepted as collaborators.

Development of a Standard for Fusion Needs: Example of Introduction of Eurofer in RCC-MRx

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Muñoz Garcia ◽  
C. Pétesch ◽  
T. Lebarbé ◽  
P. Lamagnère ◽  
Y. Lejeail
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Research Reactor ◽  
Fusion Reactors ◽  
Vacuum Vessel ◽  
Material Data ◽  
New Process ◽  
French And English ◽  
New Material ◽  
Set Up ◽  
First Time

The 2018 edition of the RCC-MRx Code [1] will be issued by the end of the 2018, in French and English versions by AFCEN (Association Française pour les règles de Conception et de Construction des Matériels des Chaudières Electro-nucléaires). This Code set up design and construction rules of research reactor components (coming from the RCC-MX 2008 code developed within the context of the Jules Horowitz Reactor project), and to components operating at high temperature and to the Vacuum Vessel of ITER (coming from the RCC-MR 2007). The extension of the scope of the code to innovative systems such as fusion reactors leads to revisit the background of the code to define the requirements to introduce a new process or a new material. The developed methodology has been applied to the introduction of the Fe–9%Cr–1%W–TaV steel (Eurofer), today in the Probationary Phase Rules of RCC-MRx. It was the first time to introduce a “new” material into the code, new in the sense of non-existing in any current standardization. This process, still in progress, highlights the need to have a minimum of information on the expectation of the code regarding the material data. This paper describes the different steps of the introduction of the Eurofer in the RCC-MRx code as well as the tools developed to facilitate the process.

The first printed Latin editions of Dioscorides's De materia medica (1478, 1512): an inventory-based re-evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Funk
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Materia Medica ◽  
New Material ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Internal Relationship ◽  
Prime Source

Dioscorides's De materia medica from the first century AD was for about 1,800 years the most influential work and prime source in all matters concerning drugs and pharmacy. Originally written in Greek, the book was soon translated into Latin, thereby changing its structure from a systematic arrangement in five books according to the internal relationship of the drugs to a simply alphabetical order by the first letter of the name. Such an alphabetical order was also retained in the first printed version of the work in 1478. This edition was praised by recent researchers because of its supposed new material, by others, however, it was criticized severely with respect to its general set-up. The present paper discusses both opinions and substantiates some other neglected details regarding the 1478 edition. Besides the 1478 edition the amended new edition from 1512 is analysed too.

scholarly journals The Significance of the Divine Torah in Ptolemaic Egypt in Documentary and Literary Sources from the Third and Second Centuries BCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Peter Altmann
Keyword(s):  
Group Affiliation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Functional Nature ◽  
Ptolemaic Egypt

Abstract This essay analyzes the Torah’s role in Judean communities from Ptolemaic Egypt in order to evaluate the significance of the Judean claim of divine origins for their law in relation to the conceptual or functional nature of this law. An introductory step explores the nature of the Judean communities in Egypt under the Ptolemies. The essay then moves to consider the nature of judicial practice in Ptolemaic Egypt, especially among Judean communities, where scholars have asserted overlap with the written Greek Torah in the interpretation of legal records. Given the largely negative finds from papyri documents concerning practical judicial conceptions, the discussion turns to depictions of Torah in the Letter of Aristeas and other Hellenistic-Judean literature. The argument demonstrates that direct references to the Torah conceive of its importance in philosophical terms and group affiliation rather than judicial categories, even when the conception of God as a divine legislator emerges.

The Three Age System as Predator: Copenhagen and Lund 1836–1850

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rowley-Conwy
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Second Development ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Anglophone World ◽  
Material Record

We saw in the last chapter how Thomsen’s Three Age System was establishing itself as the ancient historical chronology started to fail in the 1830s. The years immediately following its publication in 1836 saw two major developments that Thomsen could never have foreseen. The first development was that three entirely separate chronologies came to maturity, and were grafted by their makers onto Thomsen’s stone–bronze–iron sequence. These chronologies were Sven Nilsson’s economic scheme of hunter-gatherers preceding farmers; Japetus Steenstrup’s environmental scheme of successive forest types; and the craniological scheme of racial replacement devised by Daniel Eschricht and Anders Retzius, and championed by Sven Nilsson. None could easily be linked to the ancient historical chronology; but since all three were based on material remains rather than literary sources, they were easier to link with Thomsen’s artefactual scheme, so they naturally gravitated towards it. Only Steenstrup’s environmental scheme provided any hint of absolute chronology—and the hint it gave was so revolutionary that Steenstrup initially lacked the confidence to make much of it. But as it became more secure, it gradually became evident that the human time depth revealed by the broadened Three Age System dwarfed the conception of ancient history. The First part of this chapter examines how these chronologies developed and then attached themselves to Thomsen’s. The second development was that, having attracted to itself these other chronologies, the Three Age System (in the hands of J. J. A. Worsaae) went over to the attack against ancient history. The second part of this chapter examines how Worsaae used archaeological excavation and data to wrest large parts of the material record from the ancient historians, by demonstrating that their use of it had been substantially inept. As a direct result, much of the ancient historical account lost its historical force and reverted to the status of literature and legend, leaving archaeology as the dominant voice speaking for the ancient past. In the later 1840s nationalist agendas were sharpening in various parts of Europe, and Worsaae used the archaeological voice to refute an aggressive historical claim by a German whose name is well-known in the Anglophone world— none other than Jacob Grimm, one of the brothers responsible for the fairy tales that are still so associated with their name.

The Lightweight Design for Tractor Frame of the Coal Mine Belt Horizontal Extension Transfer Machine

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 730-733
Author(s):  
Ping Huai Mao ◽  
Bing Zhai ◽  
Jing Xi Li
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Frame Size ◽  
Material Optimization ◽  
New Material ◽  
Loading Problem ◽  
Set Up

Coal mine horizontal belt extension transfer machine is designed in order to solve the mine loading efficiency is not high, especially the most loading mechanical failed to solve continuous loading problem. Among them, the tractor as power to provide the transfer machine, its importance cans be imagined. Through the statics analysis of the tractor frame, we draw the conclusion: Preliminary plan is too conservative given frame size, frame heavier, cause material waste, processing difficult. We will through two aspects of size parameters optimization and material optimization design, make the tractor frame on the premise of guarantee function materials more provinces, lighter weight, lower cost. Size options and set up new material selection, and then we stand for the statics analysis. Analysis results show that our lightweight design of tractor frame is a success.

scholarly journals Assessment of physical and mechanical indicators of sandy soils by static and dynamic probing data

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Anatoаlii Lytvynenko ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Alieksieienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Mechanical Parameters ◽  
Tabular Data ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Material

In the work, on the basis of the analysis of tabular data of both current and former normative documents on engineering-geological surveying and design of soil bases and foundations of structures and literary sources, as well as own experience, a graphical and analytical interpretation of determination of the basic values of physical-mechanical normative and calculated indices of sandy soils according to the indicators of static q, MPa and dynamic RD, MPa probing are given. The use of the proposed empirical analytical dependencies can significantly accelerate the processing of field engineering-geological surveying and provide more objective comparison of such soils condition at different objects while making design decisions. They can also be used in the development of resident software, in case of its development and manufacture for automatically calculating the values of the physical and mechanical parameters of sandy soils. The obtained analytical dependencies are presented in the form of two tables for different types of sandy soils: separately for surveying that are carried out using both static and dynamic probes. And the graphs allow you to visually compare these dependencies, that can provide new material for further scientific generalizations and conclusions in the field of soil science and mechanics.

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