The ‘Stop-Go’ Squeezes of the 1950s and 1960s

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hood ◽  
Rozana Himaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Currency Crises ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
The Core ◽  
The People ◽  
State Expenditure ◽  
State Growth ◽  
The 1960S

This chapter describes four fiscal squeezes across two decades marked by broadly full employment and no major recession, albeit with slow economic growth, recurring currency crises, and ‘stop-go’ policies to dampen consumer demand. The first squeeze in the mid-1950s reflected the Conservatives’ uphill struggle to deliver on their 1951 election promise to cut taxes and ‘set the people free’ against the background of currency weakness and the Korean and Cold Wars. Spending restraint in this era put the emphasis on cutting wartime legacy spending rather than checking the core drivers of welfare state growth. The subsequent three squeezes under Conservative and Labour Governments in the 1960s all put a heavier emphasis on revenue than spending to support welfare state expenditure and stabilize the currency, but the Wilson Labour Government made significant defence cuts in the late 1960s.

The Irreversible Welfare State: Its Recent Maturation, its Encounter with the Economic Crisis, and its Future Prospects

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Therborn ◽  
Joop Roebroek
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
State Growth ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Welfare State

The rise of the welfare state in the 1960s and 1970s meant important changes within the Western states: apparatuses of armed forces, bureaucratic ordering, and public transport and communication became institutions of transfer payments to households, and public education, caring and social services. In this article we describe the influence of the current economic crisis on the welfare state. Average yearly growth of social security expenditure continues, but has declined since 1981. Generous systems of social security clearly provide no security against the consequences of the economic crisis, especially unemployment. Public commitment to social security and full employment are largely independent of each other. We describe how, under the surface of welfare state growth, the political relations of force have changed in favor of those social forces advocating fundamental reappraisal of the welfare state over those supporting its maintenance or extension. The resistance to significant changes is so strong, however, that fundamental reconstruction of the welfare state is as yet excluded. We hold that the welfare state is an irreversible major institution of advanced capitalist countries, as long as democracy prevails. The building of a majoritarian anti-welfare state coalition seems impossible for the foreseeable future, but in some countries significant cuts must be expected; we end by specifying some economic and political preconditions for such cuts.

scholarly journals Mellom kjernen og periferien i den norske velferdsstaten. Idrettsbevegelsesens vekslende posisjoner

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Asle Bergsgard
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Government Funding ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Relative Autonomy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Modern Welfare State ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S

Artiklen belyser prioriteringen idrætten i den norske velfærdsstat i relation til Bourdieus kapital og velfærd og diskuterer idrættens autonomi.The modern welfare state in most western countries is characterised by a stepwise expansion of government responsibilities: from the basic tasks of the state like defence and policing, via core welfare state issues such as social security, to secondary welfare state issues like leisure policy. Starting out with a brief historical presentation, this article describes sport’s pendulum movement between the core and the periphery in the Norwegian welfare state. Further it is argued that sport was constituted as a distinct social field in a Bourdieuan sense in the 1960s and 70s. The article then analyses whether the specific logic of this field is adaptable to the ever- stronger presence of the welfare logic during the last decades, or if the welfare logic is a threat to the structure of the field of sport and hence to the relative autonomy of the voluntary organised sports movement. In addition it is discussed if the voluntary organised sports movement is now at a crossroads, either becoming a balancing item for the government with preserved autonomy, or an important tool in the government’s toolbox but with less autonomy. The consequence of the choices made will change the field of sport and hence the allocation of government funding to organised sport.

Liberal Economists and the British Welfare State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Peden
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
New Right ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Individual Liberty ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The 1960S

The chapter explores changing liberal attitudes to the welfare state. Hayek shared much common ground with Beveridge and Keynes in the 1940s, but saw postwar expansion of welfare services combined with inflationary full-employment policy as a threat to individual liberty. Other liberal economists thought Hayek exaggerated the threat, but were nevertheless critical of state monopoly in welfare provision and were keen to maintain the independence and individual responsibility of citizens. From the 1960s neoliberal ideas that had originally been conceived within the Liberal Party became associated with Conservatism and the New Right. The New Right had a considerable impact on housing policy and set an agenda for free-market alternatives in the provision of health and education services.

Istitutions for Social Well-Being: una discussione a piů voci

2009 ◽  
pp. 75-102
Author(s):  
Franco Bassanini ◽  
Guido Fabiani ◽  
Sebastiano Fadda ◽  
Elena Granaglia ◽  
Alberto Quadrio Curzio
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Extensive System ◽  
State Growth ◽  
The Welfare State

- This article sets out the contributions to the roundtable held on presentation of the book Institutions for Social Well-Being edited by Lilia Costabile. The authors discuss the relevance of the role played by the Welfare State and the costs and effects of economic growth, and go on to analyse the balance between Institutions, Society and the Market. Also taken into consideration are the possible disincentives deriving from an extensive system of social guarantees, and the policies most likely to curtail its negative effects.EconLit Classification: D600, O430, E020Keywords: Welfare State, Growth, Institutions and GrowthParole chiave: Welfare state, Crescita, Istituzioni e crescita

Social Policy in Europe in the Twentieth Century

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Paul Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
National Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
State Expenditure ◽  
Post War ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
European Welfare States

The 1980s proved to be a tough decade for European welfare states. The post-war ‘welfare consensus’, which perhaps had never been quite so strong or coherent as many contemporary historians and commentators had assumed, was finally laid to rest. The five great spectres identified by Beveridge want, disease, ignorance, squalor and idleness had not been humbled by public welfare provision despite its ever growing scale and cost. At the beginning of the 1980s the OECD published a report on The Welfare State in Crisis which pointed out that as welfare state expenditure had roughly doubled as a percentage of national income in most west European countries since the late 1950s, so economic growth rates had plummeted. The European welfare states appeared to produce few positive welfare benefits, and this minimal achievement was produced at enormous cost which was to the detriment of overall economic growth and societal well-being.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Brid Featherstone ◽  
Anna Gupta ◽  
Kate Morris ◽  
Sue White
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
The Core ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Welfare State

This introductory chapter provides a background of child protection and its intersection with wider social policies and social trends. The modern child protection system emerged in the 1960s, rooted in a concern to stop babies dying or being ‘battered’ by parents who were considered to be suffering from a lack of empathic mothering in their own lives. Poverty, bad housing, and other social factors were screened out as holding helpful explanatory value in relation to why some babies were seriously harmed by their carers. From those beginnings, rooted in care for babies who were powerless and voiceless, and compassion for emotionally deprived parents, the system has expanded enormously in terms of remit, research base, influence, and power within a complex and changing society. The chapter then considers the core aspects and assumptions behind the welfare state and the emergence of a discourse around individual responsibility and risk that encompasses cause, consequence, and attribution.

HUKUM DAN TEKLOGI SUATU KAJIAN TEORITIS TERHADAP PENOMENA LAYANAN TRANSFORTASI ONLINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Aria Dimas Harapan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Times

ABSTRACTThe essence of this study describes the theoretical study of the phenomenon transfortation services online. Advances in technology have changed the habits of the people to use online transfortation In fact despite legal protection in the service based services transfortation technological sophistication has not been formed and it became warm conversation among jurists. This study uses normative juridical research. This study found that the first, the Government must accommodate transfotation online phenomenon in the form of rules that provide legal certainty; second, transfortation online as part of the demands of the times based on technology; third, transfortation online as part of the creative economy for economic growth . 

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

Physical Trauma As Presesnted In Monica Ali’s Brick Lane

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Roy PP
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Young Children ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
The People ◽  
Provincial Capital ◽  
The 1960S

Monica Ali was born in 1967 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, but grew up in England. Her English mother met her Bangladeshi father at a dance in northern England in the 1960s. Despite both of their families` protests, they later married and lived together with their two young children in Dhaka. This was then the provincial capital of East Pakistan which after a nine-month war of independence became the capital of the People`s Republic of Bangladesh. On 25 March 1971 during this civil war, Monica Ali`s father sent his family to safety in England. The war caused East Pakistan to secede from the union with West Pakistan, and was now named Bangladesh.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document