Transport: blood and circulation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Burton ◽  
Margaret Burton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Venous Return ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Blood System ◽  
Fluid Component ◽  
Nucleated Red Blood Cells ◽  
Ventral Aorta ◽  
Osmotic Effects

The blood system transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes; other functions include defence. Fish have a closed, single circulation in which blood is pumped by a contractile heart via a ventral aorta to the gills, then via the dorsal aorta to vessels supplying the tissues and organs, with a venous return to the heart. Large venous sinuses occur in elasmobranchs. Air-breathing fish have modifications of the circulation. Complex networks of narrow blood vessels can occur as red patches, retia, maximizing transfer of nutrients, oxygen or heat. Most fish have nucleated red blood cells (erythrocytes) with haemoglobin. The types of white blood cells (leucocytes) are similar to those of other vertebrates but there are thrombocytes rather than platelets. Nutrient transport is in the plasma, the fluid component of the blood, which may also carry antifreeze agents and molecules (e.g. urea in elasmobranchs) which counteract deleterious osmotic effects

Performance evaluation of Sysmex XN hematology analyzer in umbilical cord blood: a comparison study with Sysmex XE-2100

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanah Kim ◽  
Mina Hur ◽  
Sang-Gyeu Choi ◽  
Hee-Won Moon ◽  
Yeo-Min Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Nucleated Red Blood Cells ◽  
Hematology Analyzer

AbstractThe Sysmex XN (XN) modular system (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) is a new automated hematology analyzer equipped with different principles from its previous version, Sysmex XE-2100. We compared the performances of Sysmex XN and XE-2100 in umbilical cord blood (CB) specimens.In 160 CB specimens, complete blood count (CBC) parameters and white blood cells (WBC) differentials were compared between the two analyzers. Their flagging performances for blasts, abnormal/atypical lymphocytes, immature granulocytes and/or left-shift (IG), and nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) counts were compared with manual counts. For the blast flagging, Q values by Sysmex XN were further compared with manual slide review.Sysmex XN and XE-2100 showed high or very high correlations for most CBC parameters but variable correlations for WBC differentials. Compared with XE-2100, XN showed significantly different flagging performances for blasts, abnormal/atypical lymphocytes, and IG. The flagging efficiency for blasts was significantly better on Sysmex XN than on XE-2100 (85.0% vs. 38.8%): Sysmex XN showed a remarkably increased specificity of blast flag, compromising its sensitivity of blast flag. Among the 24 specimens with blasts (range, 0.5%–1.5%), only one (4.2%) showed a positive Q value.This study highlighted the remarkable differences of flagging performances between Sysmex XN and XE-2100 in CB specimens. The Sysmex XN modular system seems to be a suitable and practical option for the CB specimens used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as well as for the specimens from neonates.

scholarly journals Study of blood levels of Lactate, Vitamin D and Nucleated Red Blood Cells for early prediction of Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hosni Saad ◽  
Ahmed Thabet Mahmoud ◽  
Mohamed Abdelrehem Soliman ◽  
Alyaa Ahdy Abdelaziz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
P Value ◽  
Nucleated Red Blood Cells ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective and background: Perinatal asphyxia is a serious medical condition in which there is lack of oxygen or blood flow during, or even after the labor process. So, this study aimed to study serum blood levels of Lactate, vitamin D and count of nucleated Red Blood Cells (nRBCs) per 100 White Blood Cells (WBCs) as early biological predictors of Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) after birth Asphyxia.Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 20 neonates with HIE comprising the cases (APGAR ≤ 5) and another 20 neonates representing the control group with their age, sex, and weight matched, admitted to NICU from March 2020 to the end of September 2020 at Menoufia University Hospital and El-Bagour Central Hospital, Egypt. Venous blood samples for lactate, vitamin D and nucleated RBCs were drawn during 1st 6h of birth and sent for analysis. Sarnat score was used to assess the severity of HIE.Results: Venous blood levels of lactate and nucleated Red Blood Cells per 100 White Blood Cells (nRBC/100 WBC) counts were significantly higher in HIE neonates than in the control group with a highly significant difference (P-value < 0.001). While serum Vitamin D was significantly lower in the HIE group than in the control (P-value < 0.001).Conclusion: Serum lactate level, vitamin D level and nRBCs/100 WBCs might be used as biomarkers in the early prediction of HIE.

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND PLANTING DENSITY ON PERIPHERAL BLOOD PARAMETERS OF THE AFRICAN SHARPTOOTH CATFISH IN THE CONDITIONS OF RAS

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Т. М. Shlenkina ◽  
◽  
Е. М. Romanova ◽  
V.V. Romanov ◽  
L. А. Shadyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Blood System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Differential Blood Count ◽  
African Sharptooth Catfish

The article presents the results of research on the influence of biotic and abiotic factors, in particular, planting density and temperature on the peripheral blood composition of the African sharptooth catfish. It was found that when the water temperature decreases by 4-60С, compared with the optimal temperature, the structure of differential blood count, the content of red blood cells and white blood cells changes in catfish. The answer to the effect of temperature factor affected polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes in differential blood count, and to a lesser extent, lymphocytes. The other components of differential blood count did not change significantly. Significant changes occurred in red blood system. When the temperature decreased, the content of red blood cells in the blood significantly decreased. At the same time, the content of white blood cells significantly increased. Similar reactions of the blood system were observed with increased planting density. It was shown that the proportion of monocytes with increased planting density increased significantly. It is monocytes that carry out phagocytosis, which allows the body to fight naturally against the penetration of foreign invaders. It should be noted that the proportion of monocytes increased by more than for 76% against the background of increased planting density. This is obvious due to the fact that with a high planting density, the concentration of fish metabolites in water increases.. A high level of organic matter contributes to the development of pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic microbiota that threatens the body of fish. It is this process that, in our opinion, stimulates mechanism of increased production of monocytes.

An Evaluation of the Performance of Sysmex XE-2100 in Enumerating Nucleated Red Cells in Peripheral Blood

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (7) ◽  
pp. 1077-1083
Author(s):  
Gene Gulati ◽  
Eric Behling ◽  
William Kocher ◽  
Roland Schwarting
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Nucleated Red Blood Cells ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Blood Smear Examination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Automated Methods

Abstract Context.—Automated methods of enumerating nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) in blood are gaining acceptance in many laboratories. Objective.—To evaluate the performance of Sysmex XE-2100 in enumerating NRBCs in peripheral blood. Design.—Automated relative number of NRBCs per 100 white blood cells (NRBC%) results for a total of 460 specimens run on the XE-2100 were compared with manual NRBC% results obtained by performing a 100-cell differential on a Wright-stained smear prepared from each specimen. To assess within-day reproducibility, 64 specimens were rerun on the XE-2100, and a second 100-cell differential was performed on the original blood smear. Excel software was used for data analysis. Results.—Regression analysis of automated NRBC% versus manual NRBC% yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.9712. No NRBCs were seen in the blood smear on 35 (15.1%) of 232 specimens with automated NRBC% of 0.1 to 1.9. The XE-2100 generated an NRBC% of 0.0 on 5 (6.8%) of 74 specimens, revealing 1 NRBC per 100 or more white blood cells by blood smear examination. The mean percent difference between duplicate automated results was 16.7 compared with 78.1 for the duplicate manual results. There were 9 instances in which the XE-2100 either did not detect the presence of more than 8 NRBCs per 100 white blood cells or generated an automated NRBC% of 18.1 or 18.8 when the smear revealed none. All of these were, however, flagged for smear review. Conclusions.—Overall correlation between the automated and manual results was excellent. The automated method revealed better precision than the manual method. The number of specimens with false automated results was very small, and all were flagged for verification by a smear review.

Comparing Nucleated Red Blood Cells in Neonates with and without Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Boskabadi ◽  
Nafiseh Pourbadakhshan ◽  
Esmaeil Pishghadam ◽  
Maryam Zakerihamidi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nucleated Red Blood Cells

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the reasons of blindness in children. Numerous predisposing factors have been reported, including prematurity and oxygen therapy. We assessed the number of nucleated red blood cells in neonates with ROP and compared it with the patients that didn t suffer from the situation. Methodology: This case-control study was performed on 151 neonates with birth weight<1500 gr and/or gestational age< 32 weeks that were born in Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad from 2017 to 2020. A Cell Blood Count (CBC) sample and peripheral blood smear was taken. The Number of nucleated red blood cells or NRBC per 100 white blood cells was reported. Complete characteristics of neonates (birth weight, sex, gestational age, Apgar Score), mother's history (age, pregnancy and labor problems, kind of delivery, and pariety), and lab results were collected and recorded in the checklist. The assessment of the patients were continued until they were discharged and then they got visited by an ophthalmologist at the age of 32 weeks or four weeks after birth in terms of ROP and followed up. Control group included premature neonates without ROP. Results: Among of 151 neonates studied, 47 cases (24.9%) were normal and 104 ones (75.1%) had retinopathy of prematurity. Differences of measured factors in two groups of neonates with and without ROP were as followed: NRBC/100 (P = 0.009), absolute NRBC (P = 0.465), Apgar score of first (P = 0.131) and fifth (P = 0.002) minutes. Conclusion: Increasing umbilical cord NRBC/100 of neonates along with other available methods can be useful as a predictor factor of ROP and it can also predict the ROP intensity.

scholarly journals Study of Lactate, Vitamin D and Nucleated Red Blood Cells for Early Prediction of Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Saad ◽  
ahmed Thabet ◽  
Mohamed Soliman ◽  
Alyaa Abdel-Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nucleated Red Blood Cells ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Objective and backgroundPerinatal asphyxia is a serious medical condition in which there is a lack of oxygen or blood flow during, or even after the labor process. So this study aimed to study serum blood levels of Lactate, vitamin D and count of Nucleated Red Blood Cells (NRBCs) per 100 White Blood Cells (WBCs) as early biological predictors of Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE) after birth Asphyxia. MethodsA cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on 20 neonates with HIE comprising the cases (APGAR ≤ 5) and another 20 neonates representing the control group with their age, sex, and weight matched, admitted to NICU from March 2020 to the end of September 2020. Venous blood samples for lactate, vitamin D and nucleated RBCs were drawn after birth and sent for analysis. Sarnat score was used to assess the severity of HIE. ResultsVenous blood levels of lactate and nucleated red blood cells per 100 white blood cells (NRBC/100 WBC) counts were significantly higher in HIE neonates than in the control group with a highly significant difference (P-value <0.001). While serum Vitamin D was significantly lower in the HIE group than in the control (P-value <0.001). ConclusionSerum lactate level, vitamin D level and NRBCs/100 WBCs might be used as biomarkers in the early prediction of HIE.

scholarly journals Parameters of neonate serum acid-base state and gas composition in multifetal pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 612-621
Author(s):  
S. A. Kalashnikov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Gas Composition

Aim: to study ABS parameters, blood gas composition and complete blood count in newborns upon multiple pregnancy depending on the order of twin birth, neonate weight, and accompanying chronic hypoxia. Materials and Methods. Laboratory parameters assessed in the twin-collected venous blood were analyzed: hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) level, count of red blood cells (RBC), platelets (PLT) and white blood cells (WBC), base excess (BЕ), partial pressure of oxygen (рО2) and carbon dioxide (рСО2), оxygen saturation (sО2), standard and total carbon dioxide level (НСО–3, tСО2). Results. The second vs. first twin after vaginal delivery had decreased level of рН (7.30 ± 0.08 and 7.35 ± 0.09; р = 0.03, respectively), рО2 (18.2 ± 13.1 and 27.1 ± 10.7 mm Hg; р = 0.03), sО2 (29.7 ± 22.7 and 41.8 ± 20.3 %; р < 0.001). Metabolic acidosis exacerbated in case of birth interval extending more than 30 minutes. The hypotrophic vs. normotrophic neonates had a decreased WBC (14.2 ±5.9 vs. 15.9 ± 6.5×109/L; р = 0.02), рО2 (19.3 ± 13.6 vs. 22.6 ± 10.6 mm Hg; р = 0.03), sО2 (27.9 ± 19.5 vs. 33.8 ± 20.6 %; р = 0.04). PH and PLT level were lower in newborns with intraventricular hemorrhages (7.29 ± 0.07 and 243.1 ± 75.4×109/L), whereas ВЕ magnitude was higher (–4.9 ± 5.2 mmol/L) than in those lacking intraventricular hemorrhages (7.34 ± 0.06; р = 0.03; 265.4 ±71.6×109/L; р < 0.001; –3.2 ± 4.2 mmol/L; р = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion. During the vaginal delivery, a birth interval should not exceed 30 minutes. In case of diagnosing fetal growth retardation and hypoxia during pregnancy, caesarean section is an optimal option.

scholarly journals Nucleated RBCs in umbilical cord blood as marker in cases of fetal asphyxia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Ayush Shrivastava ◽  
Jayant Vagha ◽  
Rajendra Borkar
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Fetal Asphyxia ◽  
Nucleated Red Blood Cells ◽  
Health Organization

Background: World health organization (WHO) has defined perinatal asphyxia as a failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth. HIE is one of the most common complication in an asphyxiated neonate because of its serious long term neuromotor sequalae among the survivors. Nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) count in umbilical cord of newborns is been suggested as a sign of birth asphyxia. As the present markers are not accurate in diagnosis and assessing the severity of fetal asphyxia, this study was undertaken to find the values of NRBCs in normal and asphyxiated neonates and the correlation of NRBCs with birth asphyxia.Methods: Eighty neonates with asphyxia along with eight healthy newborns were undertaken for two years study period. Maternal and neonatal information was recorded follow by clinical and laboratory evaluation. NRBC levels was determined per 100 white blood cells (WBC). After discharge, immediate follow-up of asphyxiated infants was performed. Neonates were divided into two groups, with favorable and unfavorable outcome based on discharge or death.Results: We observed that NRBC count with more than 10 per 100 WBC/mm3, had sensitivity of 88.75% and specificity of 100% in predicting complications of asphyxia, while in NRBC count with more than 10, the sensitivity and specificity were 88.75% and of 100%, respectively. Conclusions: We demonstrate that NRBC/100 WBC can be used as prognostic marker for neonatal asphyxia, which in combination with the severity of asphyxia could indicate high infant mortality, immediate outcome and complications of asphyxia

Ultrastructural changes in murine lymphoma cells exposed to ultraviolet-A radiation

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Delma P. Thomas ◽  
Dianne E. Godar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Murine Lymphoma ◽  
Transmission Electron

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from all three waveband regions of the UV spectrum, UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (200-290 nm), can be emitted by some medical devices and consumer products. Sunlamps can expose the blood to a considerable amount of UVR, particularly UVA and/or UVB. The percent transmission of each waveband through the epidermis to the dermis, which contains blood, increases in the order of increasing wavelength: UVC (10%) < UVB (20%) < UVA (30%). To investigate the effects of UVR on white blood cells, we chose transmission electron microscopy to examine the ultrastructure changes in L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells.

The Effect of Red Blood Cells on the ADP-induced Aggregation of Human Platelets in Flow Through Tubes

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N Bell ◽  
Samira Spain ◽  
Harry L Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Mean Transit Time ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryThe effect of red blood cells, rbc, and shear rate on the ADPinduced aggregation of platelets in whole blood, WB, flowing through polyethylene tubing was studied using a previously described technique (1). Effluent WB was collected into 0.5% glutaraldehyde and the red blood cells removed by centrifugation through Percoll. At 23°C the rate of single platelet aggregtion was upt to 9× greater in WB than previously found in platelet-rich plasma (2) at mean tube shear rates Ḡ = 41.9,335, and 1,920 s−1, and at both 0.2 and 1.0 µM ADP. At 0.2 pM ADP, the rate of aggregation was greatest at Ḡ = 41.9 s−1 over the first 1.7 s mean transit time through the flow tube, t, but decreased steadily with time. At Ḡ ≥335 s−1 the rate of aggregation increased between t = 1.7 and 8.6 s; however, aggregate size decreased with increasing shear rate. At 1.0 µM ADP, the initial rate of single platelet aggregation was still highest at Ḡ = 41.9 s1 where large aggregates up to several millimeters in diameter containing rbc formed by t = 43 s. At this ADP concentration, aggregate size was still limited at Ḡ ≥335 s−1 but the rate of single platelet aggregation was markedly greater than at 0.2 pM ADP. By t = 43 s, no single platelets remained and rbc were not incorporated into aggregates. Although aggregate size increased slowly, large aggregates eventually formed. White blood cells were not significantly incorporated into aggregates at any shear rate or ADP concentration. Since the present technique did not induce platelet thromboxane A2 formation or cause cell lysis, these experiments provide evidence for a purely mechanical effect of rbc in augmenting platelet aggregation in WB.

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