The theoretical background to arts in health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Biomedical Model ◽  
Behavioural Medicine ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Arts In Health

This chapter explores how definitions of health have shifted over the past 200 years. It charts the rise of the biomedical model, considering its position in relation to other fields of work, including public health, psychosomatic medicine, and behavioural medicine. It examines the theories of psychiatrist George Engel and his proposition of the biopsychosocial model, and the steady increase in theory and research around mental health, positive psychology, and wellbeing. Research into the health benefits of the arts are then explored in relation to these theoretical frameworks to illustrate the wide-ranging biological, physiological, psychological, and social effects of the arts that have been identified.

scholarly journals A review of the tendencies and challenges in the European Union labour market

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Imola Cseh Papp ◽  
Norbert Bozsik ◽  
Erika Varga
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labour Shortage ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The paper presents the phenomenon of the past decade (2008-2018) that shaped the labour market all over Europe and also points out the differences lying beneath with the changes generated in the post-crisis period. In the context of this study this literature review is intended to provide a theoretical background for the development of a piece of research revealing the new labour market phenomena. Design/methodology/approach – The study first examines theoretical frameworks, solutions, and their practical operation through international experience. Findings – The economic crisis, initially of financial nature, had its percussions felt on the state budget and went on to real economy. Its consequences were also felt on the labour market. According to global experience, modern economies and societies are facing several challenges including unemployment, labour shortage and underemployment at the same time, in spite of the fact that the level of employment has significantly been rising in the past few years. Research limitations/implications – We applied an abductive approach. The reconstruction of past events is based on abduction, as we can deduce the events from their consequences and impacts on the present. Practical implications – Both unemployment, labor shortages and underemployment result in unfavorable economic conditions in a country. It is of utmost importance to effectively address these phenomena in order to reduce and control their negative effects. Originality/Value – Our study deals with the impact of employment on the labour market, the three key phenomena of the labor market: labour shortages, chnages in underemployment and international migration (labour migration) in European Union countries. Analysis is needed because conscious economic policy begins timely preparations for these changes. Keywords: job vacancy, labour market, labour shortage, migration, underemployment Research type (choose one): research paper JEL classification: J24, J62

Conceptualizing and planning interventions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Arts In Health

This chapter outlines the first four stages in the process of designing and delivering arts in health interventions. Using business models from industry, management, and health care, it provides a step-by-step guide to conceptualizing and planning effective arts in health interventions that meet a real need within health care. It shows how to scope national and local opportunities, identify specific challenges that the arts could address, select appropriate target groups, understand the needs of patients, public, and staff, undertake consultations, identify relevant research, develop initial ideas, plan for a pilot, and model the impact that the intervention could have. These steps will provide the foundation for a creative and novel intervention with the potential to have real impact and sustainability.

The political background to arts in health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Arts Funding ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Political Background ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Arts In Health

In recent decades, there has been an increasing number of national policy and strategy papers discussing arts in health in countries around the world. Some of this activity has been driven by national arts bodies, championing the value of the arts in health and wellbeing and advocating for their inclusion within core arts funding and practice. Other activity has been led by health bodies, including health departments within governments and health services themselves. This chapter explores some of the most influential documents and considers their implication for research and practice. It draws on case studies of activity within Ireland, the UK, the USA, Australia, and Nordic countries.

The Poetry and Music of Science

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom McLeish
Keyword(s):  
School Leaver ◽  
Creative People ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Poetry And Music

‘I could not see any place in science for my creativity or imagination’, was the explanation, of a bright school leaver to the author, of why she had abandoned all study of science. Yet as any scientist knows, the imagination is essential to the immense task of re-creating a shared model of nature from the scale of the cosmos, through biological complexity, to the smallest subatomic structures. Encounters like that one inspired this book, which takes a journey through the creative process in the arts as well as sciences. Visiting great creative people of the past, it also draws on personal accounts of scientists, artists, mathematicians, writers, and musicians today to explore the commonalities and differences in creation. Tom McLeish finds that the ‘Two Cultures’ division between the arts and the sciences is not after all, the best classification of creative processes, for all creation calls on the power of the imagination within the constraints of form. Instead, the three modes of visual, textual, and abstract imagination have woven the stories of the arts and sciences together, but using different tools. As well as panoramic assessments of creativity, calling on ideas from the ancient world, medieval thought, and twentieth-century philosophy and theology, The Poetry and Music of Science illustrates its emerging story by specific close-up explorations of musical (Schumann), literary (James, Woolf, Goethe) mathematical (Wiles), and scientific (Humboldt, Einstein) creation. The book concludes by asking how creativity contributes to what it means to be human.

Beyond the austerity-driven hypothesis: Political economic theses on penality and the recent prison population decline

2021 ◽  
pp. 147737082110006
Author(s):  
José A. Brandariz
Keyword(s):  
Prison Population ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Global North ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spending Cuts

In what might be called the ‘austerity-driven hypothesis’, a consistent strand of literature has sought to explain the prison downsizing witnessed in many jurisdictions of the global north over the past decade by referring to the financial crisis of the late 2000s to early 2010s and its effects in terms of public spending cuts. Since this economic phase is essentially over, whereas the (moderate) decarceration turn is still ongoing, there are good reasons to challenge this hypothesis. This article delves into the non-economic forces that are fostering a prison population decline that, 10 years on, is becoming the new ‘penal normal’. The article thereby aims to spark a dialogue not only with the scholarship exploring the prison downsizing but also with certain theoretical frameworks that have played a key role in examining the punitive turn era. Additionally, the article contributes to the conversation on the need to reframe materialist readings on penality in a ‘non-reductionist’ fashion. By revisiting heterodox theses and scrutinizing the impact of recent penal changes on traditional materialist accounts, the article joins the collective endeavour seeking to update political economic perspectives on punishment and the penal field.

Understanding Culture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babette Hellemans
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Duration Analysis ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

This pioneering textbook explores the theoretical background of cultural variety, both in past and present. How is it possible to study 'culture' when the topic covers the arts, literature, movies, history, sociology, anthropology and gender studies? Understanding Culture examines the evolution of a concept with varying meanings depending on changing norms. Offering a long-duration analysis of the relationship between culture and nature, this book looks at the origins of studying culture from an international perspective. Using examples from the several scholarly traditions in the practice of studying culture, Understanding Culture is a key introduction to the area. It identifies the history of interpreting culture as a meeting point between the long-standing historical investigation of 'humanism' and 'postmodernism' and is a comprehensive resource for those who wish to further their engagement with culture as both a historical and contemporary phenomenon.

Against generalisation: Data-driven decisions need context to be human-compatible

2021 ◽  
pp. 026638212110619
Author(s):  
Sharon Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
Data Driven Decisions

During the past two decades, there have been a number of breakthroughs in the fields of data science and artificial intelligence, made possible by advanced machine learning algorithms trained through access to massive volumes of data. However, their adoption and use in real-world applications remains a challenge. This paper posits that a key limitation in making AI applicable has been a failure to modernise the theoretical frameworks needed to evaluate and adopt outcomes. Such a need was anticipated with the arrival of the digital computer in the 1950s but has remained unrealised. This paper reviews how the field of data science emerged and led to rapid breakthroughs in algorithms underpinning research into artificial intelligence. It then discusses the contextual framework now needed to advance the use of AI in real-world decisions that impact human lives and livelihoods.

pARTiCI[TY]pate?!

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Judith Laister ◽  
Anna Lipphardt
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Research Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Qualitative Empirical Research ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
Urban Planning And Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City ◽  
Practice Fields

Over the past decades, ‘participation’ has evolved as a key concept in a multitude of practice fields and discursive arenas, ranging from diverse political and economic contexts, through academic research, education and social work, urban planning and design, to arts institutions and artistic projects. While participation originally is a political concept and practice, it has long set out as a ‘travelling concept’ (Bal 2002). This special issue focuses on its travels between three fields of practice: the city, the arts and qualitative empirical research. Each of these practice fields over the past decades has yielded distinct understandings, objectives and methods in respect to participations, yet they also increasingly intersect, overlap and fuse with each other within specific practice contexts. What is more, many of the individual actors engaging in these initiatives on behalf of the city – from temporary projects to long-term collaborations – are not situated in one practice field only. Along with Jana König and Elisabeth Scheffel we understand them as ‘double agents’ (König and Scheffel 2013: 272–3) or even ‘multiple agents’, with simultaneous entanglements and commitments in more than one practice field.

Pourquoi? Explaining Ourselves to the Literature Major

PMLA ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
H. Jay Siskin
Keyword(s):  
William Shakespeare ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Twelfth Night ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Arts

Sir Toby. Pourquoi, my dear knight?Sir Andrew. What is “Pourquoi”? Do or do not? I would I had bestowed that time in the tongues that I have in fencing, dancing, and bear-baiting. O, had I but followed the arts!–William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night (1.3)I was asked to address thequestions “why major in literature?” and “What do we tell our students?” I make this assignment explicit because my initial reflections left me bewildered. Is not the study of literature part of the humanistic mission of the liberal arts? Or has the major changed in some way that would prompt these questions? To be certain that I had not missed any reconceptualizations of the discipline, I decided to investigate the rationales for the study of literature over the past century.

scholarly journals The patterns of the dropout of doctoral students

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-302
Author(s):  
Fruzsina Szigeti
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Doctoral Education ◽  
National Database ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
Hungarian Population ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Informational System

Compared to the trends of the OECD countries, the proportion of graduated higher educational students is low in Hungary, especially in the doctoral education; however, the need for doctoral education has been increased due to the expansion in the past two and half decades. According to the report of the European Committee, the ratio of those having a PhD degree is 0.8 per mille among the 25- to 34-year-old Hungarian population that is not advantageous. As a causal factor, the dropout can be detected. The aim of my investigation is to detect the pattern of the dropout of the doctoral students. Who are those who quit their studies before finishing it? In which field is the ratio of graduation the lowest? I hypothesize that approximately one fifth of the students enrolled for a doctoral course quit their studies during the education. According to the educational fields, the dropout ratio is the lowest in the natural, medical, and agricultural sciences, whereas it is the highest in the arts, human, and social sciences. The basis of the current research is provided by a huge national database entitled Higher Educational Informational System, containing the data of doctoral students enrolled in the autumn semester of the school years 2010/2011 and 2014/2015.

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