Social Cohesion and Identity

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-79
Author(s):  
Nils Holtug
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Regime Theory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Identity Thesis

This chapter explains what social cohesion is and why it is important. The case for thinking that trust and solidarity are especially important for egalitarian redistribution is presented, and different accounts of their sources are considered. This includes a discussion of strategic, institutional, and moral models for trust and solidarity, welfare regime theory, and how perceptions of deservingness are fundamental for solidarity. Initial reflections on how immigration and diversity might impact these dimensions of social cohesion are introduced. Furthermore, the ‘identity thesis’ is explained, according to which sharing an identity tends to promote such cohesion, and different types of mechanisms that might explain it are distinguished. Finally, the concept of a ‘community conception’ is introduced, and it is explained how different such conceptions differ as regards the values that, if shared, are thought conducive to social cohesion.

Has Social Policy Expansion in Latin America Reduced Welfare Decommodification and Defamilialisation? Evidence from an Overview of the Mexican Welfare Regime

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-659
Author(s):  
Ricardo Velázquez Leyer
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Regime Theory ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Design And Implementation

Mexican social policy has been transformed in recent years with the introduction and expansion of social assistance programmes, causing a diversion from the trajectory based on social insurance since the first decades of the twentieth century. This article aims to understand the outcomes of that transformation, by applying welfare regime theory to establish how social policy reforms have affected the distribution of welfare responsibilities among the state, markets and families. The research identifies (de)commodification and (de)familialisation outcomes of policy changes in pensions, healthcare, unemployment and family support. Results suggest that the expansion has not produced significant reductions in decommodification or defamilialisation because of: a) the explicit or implicit role assigned to markets in policy design and implementation, and b) the reliance of the process of economic liberalisation on the welfare role performed by families. The case of Mexico may illustrate the current welfare challenges faced by societies across Latin America.

The development of ideal-typical welfare regime theory

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Aspalter
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Welfare Analysis ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Regime Theory ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Key Features ◽  
First Time

This paper focuses on recent developments in ‘ideal-typical’ welfare analysis, including findings on East Asia, Eastern Central Europe and, for the first time, Latin America. The characteristics of a new ideal-typical welfare regime in large parts of Latin America are singled out, looking at key features of major welfare state systems.

The genesis of welfare regime theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Martin Seeleib-Kaiser ◽  
Jakub Sowula
Keyword(s):  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Regime Theory

Reimagined Communities

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-63
Author(s):  
Jenifer L. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Social Space ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types

This chapter argues that the social relations of disability had a profound and long overlooked effect on slave families, communities, and culture. Dismissed and deemed worthless by slaveholders, enslaved people with disabilities occupied a marginalized but uniquely empowered social space. They often escaped sale and provided important labor to their families and communities, representing stability and social cohesion to vulnerable communities threatened by separation and disruption. Shared experiences of disability banded smaller groups of enslaved people together, sometimes across different types of impairment. Broader understandings of certain conditions such as blindness and dwarfism as markers of spiritual power meant that disability figured prominently in healing practices like conjuration and suggest how perceptions of the body played a role in African cultural retentions.

The puzzle of Japans welfare capitalism: a review of the welfare regimes approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-110
Author(s):  
Martin Powell ◽  
Ki-tae Kim ◽  
Sung-won Kim
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Welfare Capitalism ◽  
Different Types

ABSTRACTThere has been little consensus on Japans welfare regime since Esping-Andersens [1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Cambridge: Polity Press] unclear categorisation of Japan as his only non-Western welfare state. This article is the first attempt to analyse academic research published in both English and Japanese. It presents a review of 40 collected studies (including 15 Western, 6 Asian and 19 Japanese articles), reached a wide variety of conclusions, defining Japan as eight different types: We point out that while the majority of Western studies tend to run statistical models including Japan among otherwise Western welfare states with little theoretical justification, Japanese scholars tend to focus on Japan as a single case. The two very different approaches may have something to learn from each other, as in thesis antithesis synthesis. Now that we are aware of very different approaches to and conclusions about Japans welfare regime, the topic appears ripe for greater co-operation between scholars.

The Comorian People

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-232
Author(s):  
Iain Walker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future

The final chapter looks more closely at the islands’ people: their matrilineal kinship systems, age systems, associated rituals and powerful forces for social cohesion. It surveys their material culture, clothing, music and food, and explores the different types of social and ethnic identities that Comorians might invoke, particularly the hierarchies that continue to distinguish the noble born, those of Arab ancestry, and the descendants of slaves, the African, particularly on Ndzuani. On Mayotte, now firmly part of France, different identities are at play. The importance of the Comorian diaspora is explained, whether in Zanzibar, Madagascar or in France, and their contribution, particularly in terms of remittances, to local economic development. This chapter ends with some reflections on the future of the archipelago – both the independent state and French Mayotte.

Welfare regime analysis: 30 years in the making

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Aspalter
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Welfare Regime ◽  
Regime Theory ◽  
Welfare Capitalism ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Policy Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Regime Analysis ◽  
Research Studies

This article analyses the past two and a half decades of welfare regime analysis in comparative social policy, particularly referring to the avalanche of research studies set off by Esping-Andersen’s book The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, and the main developments it led to in terms of developing welfare regime theories, with special reference to the development of ideal types. The article applies the method of developing social policy theory, in particular ideal-typical welfare regime theory. It looks at the differences between the theory (and method) of using ‘ideal types’ and the ones that rely on ‘real types’. In particular, the study will discuss different choices and ways of how to develop ideal types in comparative welfare regime analysis.

scholarly journals KEBERKESANAN RANCANGAN INTEGRASI MURID UNTUK PERPADUAN (RIMUP) DALAM MEMUPUK KESEPADUAN SOSIAL

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
HASNUL HUSNA HUSSIEN ◽  
MOHD SYARIEFUDIN ABDULLAH
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Different Types

Abstrak Rancangan Integrasi Murid Untuk Perpaduan (RIMUP) adalah program yang dibangunkan untuk memupuk perpaduan dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah pelbagai etnik melalui program-program yang dijalankan. Justeru, kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi menilai persepsi pelajar terhadap keberkesanan program RIMUP yang telah dilaksanakan di sekolah. Antara elemen yang dikenal pasti dalam mencapai matlamat RIMUP adalah aktiviti RIMUP dan keberkesanan usaha memupuk kesepaduan sosial dalam kalangan pelajar yang berbeza etnik. Kajian ini dilaksanakan dalam kalangan pelajar di dua buah sekolah rendah yang berlainan jenis di Selangor. Responden terdiri daripada 80 orang pelajar iaitu, 47 pelajar Melayu dan 33 pelajar Cina. Kaedah tinjauan menggunakan borang soal selidik telah diaplikasi untuk proses pengumpulan data menerusi persampelan rawak mudah. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan pelajar Melayu secara signifikannya menerima baik keseluruhan aktviti yang dilaksanakan dalam program RIMUP. Namun, penerimaan dalam kalangan pelajar Cina pula didapati kurang memuaskan. Bagaimanapun, terdapat tiga aktiviti dikesan diterima baik oleh kedua-dua etnik tersebut, iaitu aktviti sukan dan permainan, aktviti perayaan dan perhimpunan, dan aktviti perkhemahan dan lawatan. Ketigatiga aktviti tersebut dikesan mempunyai potensi memupuk kesepaduan sosial dalam kalangan etnik yang dikaji.Kata kunci: RIMUP, kesepaduan sosial, sekolah, etnik, kokurikulum. Abstract The Rancangan Integrasi Murid Untuk Perpaduan (RIMUP) programme is designed to instil harmony among school students of various ethnicities. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of RIMUP programmes implemented in schools. Among the elements identified to achieve the goals of RIMUP were RIMUP activities and the effectiveness of the efforts to inculcate societal cohesion among students of different ethnic backgrounds. The study was conducted among primary school students from two different types of schools in Selangor. A questionnaire survey was administered using simple random sampling method in the data collection process. 80 respondents in total were involved namely Malay respondents and 33 Chinese respondents. Findings showed that RIMUP activities were well-accepted among Malay students. However, the results indicated the rate of acceptance among Chinese students as less satisfactory. Nevertheless, three activities were well-accepted by both ethnic groups. These were sports and games activities, celebrations and gathering activities, and camping and visiting activities. These activities were identified as potentially able to inculcate social cohesion among the ethnic groups in the study.Keywords: RIMUP, social cohesion, nation, school, ethnic, cocurriculum.

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