Some Considerations against the Way of Ideas

2019 ◽  
pp. 76-104
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Transcendental Idealism ◽  
The Way

In this chapter, I offer some considerations against the way of ideas. I do not claim that these considerations are ultimately decisive against all version of the way of ideas. Three different version of the way of ideas in metaphysics are presented and assessed, including Kant’s transcendental idealism, Frege’s aspirational Platonism, and Strawson descriptive metaphysics. Though none of the three is decisively refuted, some shortcomings of each are demonstrated. These shortcomings motivate a turn away from the way of ideas in metaphysics and toward the way of reference in metaphysics.

Internalism, externalism, and transcendental idealism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zahavi
Keyword(s):  
Transcendental Idealism ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The Mind

Whereas a certain popular (Fregean) interpretation of Husserl’s theory of intentionality makes Husserl into an internalist and methodological solipsist, the aim of Chapter 4 is to show that Husserl’s commitment to transcendental idealism prevents his theory from being either. I first discuss competing interpretations of Husserl’s concept of the noema, and argue that the Fregean interpretation misreads the transcendental character of Husserl’s phenomenology. I next present an interpretation of Husserl’s transcendental idealism that highlights its difference from metaphysical idealism and shows why Husserl’s conception of the mind–world relationship cannot be adequately captured within the internalism–externalism framework. In the final part of the chapter, I discuss how the claim that Husserl is a methodological solipsist fails to engage properly with his account of transcendental intersubjectivity, and how that latter account eventually transforms the very character of the transcendental project.

Denationalization

2017 ◽  
pp. 357-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Gibney
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
State Power ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Citizenship Status ◽  
The Way

Citizenship in the modern state is in many ways uniquely secure as a status. Yet states have always possessed some bases through which they may remove citizenship, including fraud, disloyalty, acquisition of another citizenship, marriage to a foreigner, and threat to public order. Indeed, denationalization powers have recently gained attention as many liberal states have created new laws to strip citizenship from individuals involved with terrorism. In this chapter, I explore the practice of denationalization. I first consider the definition, grounds, and historical development of denationalization power. I then draw from recent academic work to show how denationalization offers insights into questions of significance relating to the ethical limits of state power, the historical development of citizenship status, and the way restrictive immigration controls impact upon state members. I conclude with a discussion of some outstanding issues raised by the denationalization for scholars of citizenship.

Trade and Financial Relations between India and Pakistan

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-182
Author(s):  
Pallavi Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Face ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

In this chapter, I chart out how partition shifted the terms of trade between two points now divided by the boundary line. While, on the one hand, both governments made lofty declarations of carrying out trade with one another as independent nation states—taxable, and liable to regulations by both states—on the other, they were also forced to come to a series of arrangements to accommodate commercial transactions to continue in the way that they had always existed before the making of the boundary. In many instances, in fact, it was actually impossible to physically stop the process of commercial transactions between both sides of the border, and the boundary line. Therefore, the question this chapter is concerned with is the extent to which both governments’ positions were amenable to the necessities of contingency, demand, and genuine emergency, in the face of a great deal of rhetoric about how the Indian and Pakistani economies had to be bolstered on their own merits.

Transcendental idealism and metaphysics: Kant’s commitment to things as they are in themselves

Kant Yearbook ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Allais
Keyword(s):  
Transcendental Idealism ◽  
Pure Reason ◽  
Critique Of Pure Reason ◽  
Epistemological Position ◽  
Metaphysical Position ◽  
The Way

Abstract One of Kant’s central central claims in the Critique of Pure Reason is that we cannot have knowledge of things as they are in themselves. This claim has been regarded as problematic in a number of ways: whether Kant is entitled to assert both that there are things in themselves and that we cannot have knowledge of them, and, more generally, what Kant’s commitment to things in themselves amounts to. A number of commentators deny that Kant is committed to there actually being an aspect of reality which we cannot cognise; they argue that he is committed merely to the idea that we cannot avoid the concept of things as they are in themselves. I will argue in this paper that while transcendental idealism is partly an epistemological position, it is also partly a metaphysical position, and in specific, that Kant is committed to the claim that the things we cognise have, in addition to the way they appear to us, a nature that is independent of us, which we cannot cognise.

The Brute Force View

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-56
Author(s):  
Tamar Schapiro
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Action ◽  
Brute Force ◽  
Intuitive Appeal ◽  
The Way

In this chapter, I consider a conception of inclination that haunts the theory of action. It is alluded to in metaphors, but it is almost never defended systematically. This “brute force view” holds that our relation to our inclinations is analogous to our relation to external, brute forces. The intuitive appeal of this view is that it seems to capture two features of the way our inclinations influence us: they exert asymmetric pressure on us, and they are non-voluntary. But it does not capture a third feature, namely the deliberative role inclinations play. I claim further that upon closer inspection, the brute force view does not, in fact, adequately capture the first two features. The reason is that the brute force view makes inclinations external to us, in the wrong way. It makes being inclined to φ‎ too unlike φ‎-ing.

scholarly journals Social Interaction Processes and Personality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja Back
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
The Way

Social interactions are one of the most relevant contexts of our lives and they are intimately connected to the conceptualization, dynamics, development, and consequences of personality. In this chapter, I will first analyze the way social interactions unfold via interaction states of all interaction partners and describe how people differ in social interaction processes. Following the PERSOC model, I will argue that these individual differences are a key window to understanding the nature of some of the most popular personality traits (e.g., extraversion, dominance, shyness, agreeableness, narcissism), as well as their effects on and development in social relationships. Empirical research on individual differences in interaction state levels, contingencies, and fluctuations is summarized. In closing, I describe a couple of current limitations, and outline perspectives for understanding and assessing personality traits as dynamic social interaction systems.

scholarly journals Hume's Correlationism: On Meillassoux, Necessity and Belief

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-160
Author(s):  
Paul O'Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Weak Form ◽  
Transcendental Idealism ◽  
Sufficient Reason ◽  
A Priori Knowledge ◽  
Sufficient Criterion ◽  
Principle Of Sufficient Reason ◽  
Final Causes ◽  
The Way ◽  
Priori Knowledge

The article argues that Meillassoux's 'After Finitude' underestimates the nature and profundity of Hume's sceptical challenge; it neglects the fact that Hume's scepticism concerns final causes (and agrees fundamentally with Bacon and Descartes in this respect), and that in Hume even the operations of reason do not furnish entirely a priori knowledge. We contend that Hume himself institutes a form of correlationism (which in part showed Kant the way to counter the sceptical challenge via transcendental idealism), and sought not merely to abolish the 'principle of sufficient reason' but to salvage it in a weak form, in turning his attention to the grounds for our beliefs in necessity. We argue further that the 'mathematizability' of properties is not a sufficient criterion to yield realist, non-correlational knowledge, or to demonstrate the 'irremediable realism' of the 'ancestral' statement. Finally, we contend that Meillassoux himself relies on a certain 'Kantian moment' which exempts the reasoning subject from otherwise 'omnipotent' chaos, and that ultimately the 'speculative materialist' position remains exposed to the original Humean sceptical challenge. 

scholarly journals جهود الكندي في التوفيق بين الفلسفة والإسلام

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-209
Author(s):  
د/ عرفه محمد حماد النور
Keyword(s):  
Translation Method ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
The Third ◽  
Islamic Belief ◽  
The Way

In this research, I tackled the Arab philosopher Alkindi, the pioneer of Islamic philosophy, who is one of Islamic scholars. I tackled the meaning  of  word philosophy in the first chapter; then I tackled the  conception of philosophy in ancient Greeks including naturalists, Stoics and  Atheists as well as I tackled the way that Greek wisdom (philosophy) extracted  by Arabs; particularly translation method which was used in translating  many books of logic, philosophy and others. The second chapter includes Alkindi’s life; his birth, education, ancestry, his work in translation and philosophy.  In the third chapter, I tackled the efforts that were done by Alkindi to harmonize between philosophy and Islam; in other words, between mentality and inspiration through his Islamic theories in which  he based  his own Islamic belief, his great Islamic culture and knowledge of ancients. He gave evidences and proofs to pursue his theories and ratify theories of disbelievers of Greek philosophers. I also mentioned his great and unique additions to science of philosophy, which paved the way for Islamic philosophers who appeared after his era. The research ended bya conclusion and recommendations

scholarly journals Nostalgia

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
Heather Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Energy Innovation ◽  
Scarce Data ◽  
The Way

AbstractNostalgia is a longing for the past and the way we remember how things used to be done, including a wish for things to stay the same. Nostalgia is a central part of understanding societal responses to change because every new technology and way of doing something is, in effect, competing with nostalgia. In this chapter, I examine how nostalgia can hamper efforts at energy innovation, particularly in terms of how it blinds us to change already under way, and how memories of certain innovations can in subtle ways encourage or hinder innovation. I explore three diverse case studies about nostalgia: memories of pioneering international smart grid experiments, scarce data about off-grid households, and big infrastructure energy solutions.

What Causes Variation in Functional Response Parameters?

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-46
Author(s):  
John P. DeLong
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
The Way

The parameters of the functional response are not traits. They represent processes such as hunting and digesting prey. Thus, all the traits that influence the way predators and prey encounter each other in space and the morphologies and behaviors that influence capture, evasion, or digestion are all potential sources of variation in the functional response parameters. In this chapter, I cover how we break the parameters down mathematically so that the connection between the parameters and traits is more transparent. I review the empirical evidence for the dependence of functional response parameters on phenotypic traits, temperature, and habitats, and I showcase some examples of these effects.

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