Temporal Factors in Early Release Policy and Practice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Guiney
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Release Policy ◽  
Temporal Factors ◽  
Complex Picture

The chapter explores how temporal factors have influenced the development of early release in England and Wales. It begins with a number of broad observations upon the everyday business of penal administration and offers a view of policy development that departs from the standard model of the policy-making cycle. It goes on to explore the central role of path dependency in shaping the trajectory of early release policy and practice in England and Wales between 1960 and 1995, before turning to the less well understood catalysing role of ‘timing and sequence’ at key moments of policy reform. The chapter concludes with a critical appraisal of the complex picture of continuity and change that emerges from this book and advances the case for greater use of comparative historical study given how little attention is given to historical lessons in much contemporary public policy debate.

scholarly journals The European Teacher: Transnational Perspectives in Teacher Education Policy and Practice

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Michael Schratz
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Teacher Professionalism ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Teacher Education Policy ◽  
Teacher Competences ◽  
Career Structure ◽  
Unity In Diversity

The future role of teachers in Europe will contribute to raising the awareness of a new expectation of what it means to be a “European Teacher”. If there is unity in diversity through national identities, the question remains: what makes a teacher “European”? Answering this unusual question, one encounters several aspects that have strong national traits ofwhat it means to teach in a particular country (e.g. political culture), which still does not enable teachers to easily move their employment from one country to another because of differences in career structure, teacher education, selection and recruitment, etc. However, there are many similarities in general teacher competences that are required throughout Europe and beyond. This paper looks at teacher professionalism from various perspectives, attempts to discern the “Europeanness” in teachers’ work and mobility as a goal, and highlights particular policy development areas necessary to stimulate further discussions. The depiction of a European Doctorate in Teacher Education concludes the paper.

scholarly journals Strategic complexities and opportunities in Welsh youth justice: exploring YJB Cymru

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Case
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Youth Justice ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Practice Development ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – The paper presents and discusses the findings of a Strategic Insight Programme placement that explored the Youth Justice Board for Wales (YJB Cymru), a division of the YJB for England and Wales since the abolition of the regional structure in April 2012. The focus of the placement was on exploring the role of YJB Cymru in the development of youth justice policy and practice in the unique, partially devolved context of Wales. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The research was conducted over a six-month period from February to July 2013. A multiple methods design was adopted, consisting of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (YJB Cymru staff, Welsh Government staff and Youth Offending Team staff), observations of policy and practice mechanisms (YJB Cymru meetings, YOT projects) and documentary analysis of YJB Cymru publications. Findings – Thematic analyses demonstrated that YJB Cymru has an increasingly important role in policy and practice development structures and processes in England and Wales more broadly (e.g. within the YJB for England and Wales) and in the Welsh national context specifically. YJB Cymru fulfills a role of dual influence – working both with government (UK and Welsh) and youth justice practitioners (mainly YOT managers and staff) to mediate and manage youth justice tensions in the partially devolved Welsh policy context through relationships of reflective and critical engagement. Originality/value – This study draws inspiration from the groundbreaking research of Souhami (2011) and builds on those findings to provide a unique insight into the organisation and role YJB Cymru in the complex and dynamic context of youth justice in Wales.

Postscript

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Guiney
Keyword(s):  
New Labour ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Differential Treatment ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Penal Policy ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Serious Offenders

The Postscript traces the evolution of early release since the events described in this book. It examines the growing influence of a ‘strategy of bifurcation’ within penal policy and considers how the differential treatment of low-level and serious offenders has transformed the policy and practice of early release in England and Wales. Given the space available, this involves painting with broad brush strokes and this postscript is loosely divided into three political interludes: the early years of New Labour, 1997 to 2003; the later stages of the New Labour project, 2004 to 2010; and the Coalition and Conservative governments that have followed since 2010.

A Very British Compromise

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Guiney
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Early Release ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Legal Effect ◽  
Parole System ◽  
The Impact

The chapter explores the impact of Roy Jenkins’ appointment as Home Secretary and the detailed legislative planning that resulted in the complex system of parole given legal effect by the Criminal Justice Act 1967. It goes on to examine the administrative steps taken in 1968 to establish the new parole system and limit the damage of a small number of high profile crimes committed by the first cohort of parolees. The chapter concludes by reflecting on the idiosyncratic operation of parole in England and Wales at this time; a very British compromise that would exert a significant influence over the trajectory of early release policy and practice in the subsequent thirty years.

scholarly journals Pruned, policed and privatised: the knowledge base for children and families social work in England and Wales in 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Tunstill
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
Social Work Policy

The focus of this chapter is on the knowledge base for social work practice with children and families and its relationship to current social work policy development in England and Wales for the foreseeable future. It is argued that over the last ten years, the nature of the knowledge base for children and family social work, including the way it is generated, accessed and applied, has been increasingly subject to politically initiated change. This article argues that over the previous ten years of ‘austerity’, knowledge for social work has been purposely, and increasingly, ‘weaponised’ as a component of the same political system which introduced and now sustains neo-liberalism and austerity.  Deliberate decisions have been taken by government in order to initiate- through a variety of inter-linked and mutually reinforcing strategies- the reframing and repackaging of the role of knowledge in social work practice with children and families. Following a review of current approaches to understanding social work knowledge, the article identifies five key inter-linked projects , which have been established by the Conservative government . It argues that these are intended to deliver a far-reaching political colonisation of the existing knowledge base for social work, which should be resisted by all social work stakeholders.

scholarly journals Exploring the Gap between Museum Policy and Practice: a Comparative analysis of Scottish, English and Welsh Local Authority Museum Services

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikki McCall
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Cultural Services ◽  
Cultural Sector

This paper explores the gap between museum policy and practice in the UnitedKingdom (UK) by offering empirical evidence from a comparative street-levelanalysis of museum services in Scotland, England and Wales. Exploringdevolution in cultural services from the ground-level using Lipsky’s (1980) ‘streetlevel’approach gives new insights to the role of ground-level workers in culturalpolicy. It shows that museum workers had an awareness of national policies, butimplementation was mainly influenced by a mixture of challenges in the everydaydelivery of the museum services studied. Museum workers understood policy assomething symbolic rather than relating to action, which reinforced policy distance.Workers at the ground-level had more similarities than differences throughoutScotland, England and Wales and the structural challenges within museum servicesindicated a complex negotiation that increased agency at the ground-level. Thesefindings outline the potential limitations of written national and international policyin the cultural sector as it is the activities, values and behaviours at the front-lineof cultural services that ultimately creates policy in the cultural sector. 1Key words: Cultural policy; museum workers; UK devolution; policy distance; street-levelanalysis; Lipsky

Authority of Law: An Analysis of The Role of Police

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Keir
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
The University

<div class="page" title="Page 3"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Veronika is a recent graduate from the Honours Legal Studies program at the University of Waterloo. Her passions are socio-legal research, policy development, feminist legal theory, and crime control development. Veronika is currently working a full-time job at Oracle Canada, planning on pursuing further education in a Masters program. </span></p></div></div></div>

Some Practical Implications for Policy and Practice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Henham
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Working Relationship ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Community Based ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Probation Service ◽  
Practical Implications

This chapter explains the practical consequences of what has been proposed. It begins by evaluating current models and suggested approaches for incorporating public opinion into sentencing, explaining how the proposed changes would differ. It then sets out some practical reforms to sentencing in England and Wales, including greater coordination between the national regulation of sentencing discretion through the Sentencing Council and regional or community-based sentencing practices. Regional branches of the Sentencing Council are also advocated. In addition to further practical reforms, a greater role for the Sentencing Council in the ethical surveillance of sentencing, the development of new procedural rules, and enhanced training for judges and magistrates are proposed. Finally, a closer working relationship between the Sentencing Council, the courts, the CPS, defence lawyers, and the Probation Service is advocated to develop guidance clarifying their role within the new sentencing framework.

The Politics of Inertia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Guiney
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Home Office ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Early Release ◽  
Short Sentence ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
The Face

The chapter explores the ever more complex policy debates that surrounded the efforts to extend a system of early release to short sentence prisoners. It begins with an overview of the main candidates for reform and the strengths and weaknesses of these policy options. It explores the Home Office Review of Parole in England and Wales and considers why these recommendations were so quickly abandoned in the face of political and judicial pressure. It then goes on to examine the passage of the Criminal Justice Act 1982, a significant piece of legislation which resulted in wide-ranging reform of parole in England and Wales. The chapter concludes with a number of reflections upon the policy inertia of the early 1980s and what that reveals about the changing aims and techniques of criminal justice at this time.

The State versus the People

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Rendle
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
State Control ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
The Military

This book provides the first detailed account of the role of revolutionary justice in the early Soviet state. Law has often been dismissed by historians as either unimportant after the October Revolution amid the violence and chaos of civil war or even, in the absence of written codes and independent judges, little more than another means of violence. This is particularly true of the most revolutionary aspect of the new justice system, revolutionary tribunals—courts inspired by the French Revolution and established to target counter-revolutionary enemies. This book paints a more complex picture. The Bolsheviks invested a great deal of effort and scarce resources into building an extensive system of tribunals that spread across the country, including into the military and the transport network. At their peak, hundreds of tribunals heard hundreds of thousands of cases every year. Not all ended in harsh sentences: some were dismissed through lack of evidence; others given a wide range of sentences; others still suspended sentences; and instances of early release and amnesty were common. This book, therefore, argues that law played a distinct and multifaceted role for the Bolsheviks. Tribunals stood at the intersection between law and violence, offering various advantages to the Bolsheviks, not least strengthening state control, providing a more effective means of educating the population on counter-revolution, and enabling a more flexible approach to the state’s enemies. All of this adds to our understanding of the early Soviet state and, ultimately, of how the Bolsheviks held on to power.

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