Disease in fisheries and aquaculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-210
Author(s):  
Donald C. Behringer ◽  
Chelsea L. Wood ◽  
Martin Krkošek ◽  
David Bushek
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Species Management ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Opening Up

Infectious marine diseases have profound impacts on fisheries and aquaculture through their effects on growth, fecundity, mortality, and marketability. Economic losses have motivated research to minimize the negative impacts of disease on these industries. However, this relationship is reciprocal, as fishing and aquaculture can shape disease transmission. The effects of fisheries and aquaculture on disease are scale dependent, with different outcomes at the population, metapopulation, community, and ecosystem levels. Management approaches are limited in fisheries, and intense in aquaculture, sometimes with undesirable impacts on wild species. Management needs can be particularly intense in hatcheries, where stocks are sensitive and kept at high densities. Increased interest in microbiome–disease interactions are opening up new opportunities to manage marine diseases in aquaculture. Solutions for marine diseases in fisheries and aquaculture may ultimately improve human health by reducing exposure to pathogens and increasing nutrient quality, but could negatively impact human health through exposure to antibiotics and other chemicals used to treat parasites.

Positive and Negative Impacts of Selenium on Human Health and Phytotoxicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Gyanendra Tripathi ◽  
Dhirendra Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Vishal Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Negative Impacts

scholarly journals Presence of subclinical infection in gene-targeted human prion protein transgenic mice exposed to atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 2819-2827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Wilson ◽  
Karen Dobie ◽  
Nora Hunter ◽  
Cristina Casalone ◽  
Thierry Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Human Prion Protein

The transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to humans, leading to variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease has demonstrated that cattle transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) can pose a risk to human health. Until recently, TSE disease in cattle was thought to be caused by a single agent strain, BSE, also known as classical BSE, or BSE-C. However, due to the initiation of a large-scale surveillance programme throughout Europe, two atypical BSE strains, bovine amyloidotic spongiform encephalopathy (BASE, also named BSE-L) and BSE-H have since been discovered. To model the risk to human health, we previously inoculated these two forms of atypical BSE (BASE and BSE-H) into gene-targeted transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the human prion protein (PrP) (HuTg) but were unable to detect any signs of TSE pathology in these mice. However, despite the absence of TSE pathology, upon subpassage of some BASE-challenged HuTg mice, a TSE was observed in recipient gene-targeted bovine PrP Tg (Bov6) mice but not in HuTg mice. Disease transmission from apparently healthy individuals indicates the presence of subclinical BASE infection in mice expressing human PrP that cannot be identified by current diagnostic methods. However, due to the lack of transmission to HuTg mice on subpassage, the efficiency of mouse-to-mouse transmission of BASE appears to be low when mice express human rather than bovine PrP.

scholarly journals Border Habitat Effects on Captures of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Pheromone Traps and Fruit Injury at Harvest in Apple and Peach Orchards in the Mid-Atlantic, USA

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
James Christopher Bergh ◽  
William R. Morrison ◽  
Jon W. Stallrich ◽  
Brent D. Short ◽  
John P. Cullum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Alternative Management ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Tree Fruit ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Fruit Orchards

The invasive Halyomorpha halys invades crop fields from various bordering habitats, and its feeding on crops has caused significant economic losses. Thus, H. halys is considered a perimeter-driven threat, and research on alternative management tactics against it has focused on intervention at crop edges. Woodlands adjacent to crop fields contain many hosts of H. halys and are therefore considered “riskiest” in terms of pest pressure and crop injury. However, tree fruit orchards in the Mid-Atlantic, USA, are often bordered on one or more sides by woodlands and other habitats, including other tree fruit blocks, and field crops. Monitoring H. halys using pheromone traps has most often focused on the crop–woodland interface, but the relative effects of woodlands and other habitats bordering orchards on pest pressure and crop injury have not been examined. A two-year study comparing seasonal captures of H. halys and fruit injury among different habitats bordering commercial apple and peach orchards in the Mid-Atlantic revealed that while woodland borders often posed the greatest risk, other border habitats also contributed significantly to captures and injury in numerous instances. The relevance of these findings to refining and optimizing perimeter-based monitoring and management approaches for H. halys is discussed.

Thiol-mediated etching of gold nanorods as a neoteric strategy for room-temperature and multicolor detection of nitrite and nitrate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Sepahvand ◽  
Forough Ghasemi ◽  
Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Living Organisms

The excessive presence of nitrite and nitrate in the environmental matrixes has raised concerns among the scientific communities due to their negative impacts on human health and living organisms. Considering...

scholarly journals Economic Impacts on Human Health Resulting from the Use of Mercury in the Illegal Gold Mining in the Brazilian Amazon: A Methodological Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11869
Author(s):  
Leonardo Barcellos de Bakker ◽  
Pedro Gasparinetti ◽  
Júlia Mello de Queiroz ◽  
Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Methodological Assessment

Artisanal small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in the Amazon results in the dumping of tons of mercury into the environment annually. Despite consensus on the impacts of mercury on human health, there are still unknowns regarding: (i) the extent to which mercury from ASGM can be dispersed in the environment until it becomes toxic to humans; and (ii) the economic value of losses caused by contamination becomes evident. The main objective of this study is to propose a methodology to evaluate the impacts of ASGM on human health in different contexts in the Brazilian Amazon. We connect several points in the literature based on hypotheses regarding mercury dispersion in water, its transformation into methylmercury, and absorption by fish and humans. This methodology can be used as a tool to estimate the extent of environmental damage caused by artisanal gold mining, the severity of damage to the health of individuals contaminated by mercury and, consequently, can contribute to the application of fines to environmental violators. The consequences of contamination are evaluated by dose-response functions relating to mercury concentrations in hair and the development of the following health outcomes: (i) mild mental retardation, (ii) acute myocardial infarction, and (iii) hypertension. From disability-adjusted life years and statistical life value, we found that the economic losses range from 100,000 to 400,000 USD per kilogram of gold extracted. A case study of the Yanomami indigenous land shows that the impacts of mercury from illegal gold mining in 2020 totaled 69 million USD, which could be used by local authorities to compensate the Yanomami people.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes and behaviour regarding waste management options in Romania: results from a school questionnaire

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin KOLBE
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Human Health ◽  
School Students ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Waste Hierarchy ◽  
Disposal Options ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Environmentally Sound

This study analyses knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in the area of different waste management approaches of pupils in Romania. Examining school students’ knowledge about waste management options and finding out the reasons that prevent them from participating in environmentally sound disposal options is essential for teachers and legislators. For this purpose, questionnaires were designed and distributed in two schools in Romania.The analysis revealed that knowledge is highly developed in Romania regarding the potential of recycling, while the concepts of waste management technologies are far less known about and understood. Landfill is seen as a problem for human health and the environment. However, recycling behaviour is low - partly as a result of limited possibilities. In general, the treatment hierarchy that is recommended in the "European waste hierarchy" is only partly reflected in students’ attitudes towards waste management options.

scholarly journals “Enhanced Tomato plant growth in presence of a novel microbial consortia useful in bio-organic waste degradation-A pilot level field study”

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Nalla
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Human Wastes ◽  
Agricultural Yields

Sustainable use of natural resources and reuse of wastes has become an important global concern which promotes the efficiency of ecological system and promotes health by decreasing disease transmission and can contribute to increase in agricultural yield. In underdeveloped and developing countries, mal nutrition constitutes approximately 14% of global burden of disease, which supersedes the sanitation related disease, which is only 3.4% (Lopez et al., 2006). Human wastes contain millions of tons of fertilizer equivalents, which is roughly 20% to 30% of global industrial fertilizer production, annually (Winker et al., 2009). To main agricultural yields at high levels over the years, the nutrients removed by crops have to be replaced. For example, urine is rich in nitrogen, which is most limiting nutrient for plant growth while feces are rich in phosphorous, potassium and recalcitrant organic matter which can give substantial yield, especially on poor soil (Jonsson et al., 2004). This data reflects the urgent need of sustainable technologies of developing the agricultural practices towards improving the nutrient quality of foods. Hence, the developing nations like India are in great need of sustainable reuse oriented sanitational technologies, which prevent disease and promote health. Hence, the current research focusses on developing a sustainable technology which is microbial based conversion of human and animal excrements into agriculturally useful organic manure.

Treatment of Pediatric OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Evelyn Stewart ◽  
Clare Bleakley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
First Line ◽  
Pediatric Ocd ◽  
Response Predictors ◽  
Augmentation Strategies ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Management Approaches

Appropriate OCD treatment has the potential to reverse negative impacts on the developmental trajectory of youth with this disease. First-line treatments for pediatric OCD have been well established, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRI), and the combination thereof. However, a significant proportion of OCD-affected youth do not achieve response or remission following initial treatment, and access to OCD-focused CBT treatment is often limited. Knowledge of CBT and SRI response predictors, mechanisms of action, and augmentation strategies for pediatric OCD should be exploited to guide individual clinical decision making. Further investigation is required to identify specific management approaches in treatment-resistant cases and putative OCD subtypes. This chapter summarizes proven first-line pharmacological and psychological treatments, discusses potential augmentation strategies, and suggests practical management tips for use in pediatric OCD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document