scholarly journals “Enhanced Tomato plant growth in presence of a novel microbial consortia useful in bio-organic waste degradation-A pilot level field study”

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar Nalla
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Human Wastes ◽  
Agricultural Yields

Sustainable use of natural resources and reuse of wastes has become an important global concern which promotes the efficiency of ecological system and promotes health by decreasing disease transmission and can contribute to increase in agricultural yield. In underdeveloped and developing countries, mal nutrition constitutes approximately 14% of global burden of disease, which supersedes the sanitation related disease, which is only 3.4% (Lopez et al., 2006). Human wastes contain millions of tons of fertilizer equivalents, which is roughly 20% to 30% of global industrial fertilizer production, annually (Winker et al., 2009). To main agricultural yields at high levels over the years, the nutrients removed by crops have to be replaced. For example, urine is rich in nitrogen, which is most limiting nutrient for plant growth while feces are rich in phosphorous, potassium and recalcitrant organic matter which can give substantial yield, especially on poor soil (Jonsson et al., 2004). This data reflects the urgent need of sustainable technologies of developing the agricultural practices towards improving the nutrient quality of foods. Hence, the developing nations like India are in great need of sustainable reuse oriented sanitational technologies, which prevent disease and promote health. Hence, the current research focusses on developing a sustainable technology which is microbial based conversion of human and animal excrements into agriculturally useful organic manure.

scholarly journals Protists as main indicators and determinants of plant performance

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Guo ◽  
Wu Xiong ◽  
Xinnan Hang ◽  
Zhilei Gao ◽  
Zixuan Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Beneficial Microorganisms ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Microbes

Abstract Background Microbiomes play vital roles in plant health and performance, and the development of plant beneficial microbiomes can be steered by organic fertilizer inputs. Especially well-studied are fertilizer-induced changes on bacteria and fungi and how changes in these groups alter plant performance. However, impacts on protist communities, including their trophic interactions within the microbiome and consequences on plant performance remain largely unknown. Here, we tracked the entire microbiome, including bacteria, fungi, and protists, over six growing seasons of cucumber under different fertilization regimes (conventional, organic, and Trichoderma bio-organic fertilization) and linked microbial data to plant yield to identify plant growth-promoting microbes. Results Yields were higher in the (bio-)organic fertilization treatments. Soil abiotic conditions were altered by the fertilization regime, with the prominent effects coming from the (bio-)organic fertilization treatments. Those treatments also led to the pronounced shifts in protistan communities, especially microbivorous cercozoan protists. We found positive correlations of these protists with plant yield and the density of potentially plant-beneficial microorganisms. We further explored the mechanistic ramifications of these relationships via greenhouse experiments, showing that cercozoan protists can positively impact plant growth, potentially via interactions with plant-beneficial microorganisms including Trichoderma, the biological agent delivered by the bio-fertilizer. Conclusions We show that protists may play central roles in stimulating plant performance through microbiome interactions. Future agricultural practices might aim to specifically enhance plant beneficial protists or apply those protists as novel, sustainable biofertilizers.

scholarly journals Technology and Corporate Social Responsibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8658
Author(s):  
Vojko Potocan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Interdisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Corporate Social

This study examined the importance of technologies in advancing modern organizations’ corporate social responsibility (CSR). Drawing upon environmentalist and technological theories, we analyzed the shift from the traditional development of technology to the development of sustainable technologies for the further sustainable advancement of organizations. Technology has decisively influenced the development of humankind, but its research has traditionally excluded sustainable development issues. Newer technological visions have addressed the incorporation of technologies in all industries more comprehensively to solve social issues related to environmental protection and sustainable economic development. Such an orientation is followed by several conceptual solutions, such as the sustainable use of traditional technologies, development of sustainable technologies, and interdisciplinary treatment of sustainable technology to extend the CSR model. The results of our study have theoretical implications, highlighting the effects of technological development and new technologies on the course of further societal sustainable development. Practical implications include extending CSR’s Triple Bottom model with a technological dimension to improve organizations’ further sustainable operating and behavior.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology Potential in Seed Priming for Sustainable Agriculture

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Anderson do Espirito Santo Pereira ◽  
Halley Caixeta Oliveira ◽  
Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto ◽  
Catherine Santaella
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Our agriculture is threatened by climate change and the depletion of resources and biodiversity. A new agriculture revolution is needed in order to increase the production of crops and ensure the quality and safety of food, in a sustainable way. Nanotechnology can contribute to the sustainability of agriculture. Seed nano-priming is an efficient process that can change seed metabolism and signaling pathways, affecting not only germination and seedling establishment but also the entire plant lifecycle. Studies have shown various benefits of using seed nano-priming, such as improved plant growth and development, increased productivity, and a better nutritional quality of food. Nano-priming modulates biochemical pathways and the balance between reactive oxygen species and plant growth hormones, resulting in the promotion of stress and diseases resistance outcoming in the reduction of pesticides and fertilizers. The present review provides an overview of advances in the field, showing the challenges and possibilities concerning the use of nanotechnology in seed nano-priming, as a contribution to sustainable agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Profiling of Plant Growth-Promoting Metabolites by Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in Maize Rhizosphere

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071
Author(s):  
Minchong Shen ◽  
Jiangang Li ◽  
Yuanhua Dong ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Junwei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Microbial Treatments

Microbial treatment has recently been attracting attention as a sustainable agricultural strategy addressing the current problems caused by unreasonable agricultural practices. However, the mechanism through which microbial inoculants promote plant growth is not well understood. In this study, two phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were screened, and their growth-promoting abilities were explored. At day 7 (D7), the lengths of the root and sprout with three microbial treatments, M16, M44, and the combination of M16 and M44 (Com), were significantly greater than those with the non-microbial control, with mean values of 9.08 and 4.73, 7.15 and 4.83, and 13.98 and 5.68 cm, respectively. At day 14 (D14), M16, M44, and Com significantly increased not only the length of the root and sprout but also the underground and aboveground biomass. Differential metabolites were identified, and various amino acids, amino acid derivatives, and other plant growth-regulating molecules were significantly enhanced by the three microbial treatments. The profiling of key metabolites associated with plant growth in different microbial treatments showed consistent results with their performances in the germination experiment, which revealed the metabolic mechanism of plant growth-promoting processes mediated by screened PSB. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of PSB in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Sustainable agriculture: The study on farmers’ perception and practices regarding nutrient management and limiting losses

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kiełbasa ◽  
Stefan Pietrzak ◽  
Barbro Ulén ◽  
Jan-Olof Drangert ◽  
Karin Tonderski
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Scientific Project ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

AbstractThe paper presents the results of a scientific project focused on limiting nutrient losses from farms by introducing measures to apply fertilizers in a more sustainable way. It is a case study of selected aspects of farm management, focussing on the issue of sustainable agriculture and their tools. The main aim of the study was to analyse and evaluate farmers’ knowledge of the fertilizing process and its aspects, as well as applying sustainable agricultural activities on farms. The study emphasised the importance of nutrient management, as very important for sustainable farming. Also, the links between farmers’ opinions and their activities were analysed. The important issue concerned measures for sustainable farm management introduced on the farms, as well as measures to limit nutrient leaching into groundwater. Twenty-eight farmers from two regions in Poland were interviewed about their perceptions for the case study. In general, the farmers considered their farm activities to be more sustainable than in the past. They demonstrated an understanding of the general idea of sustainable agriculture. However, many farmers still demonstrated a poor grasp of nutrient flows and nutrient balances on farms. Their knowledge and perception was based on general, rather than specific knowledge gleaned from an academic/vocational course. The farmers demonstrated a realization that there were some new, or low-cost measures that could be introduced to make management more sustainable and pro-environmental, but there was still a need for wider adoption of sustainable agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Population status of Heptner's markhor Capra falconeri heptneri in Tajikistan: challenges for conservation

Oryx ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Michel ◽  
Tatjana Rosen Michel ◽  
Abdusattor Saidov ◽  
Khalil Karimov ◽  
Munavvar Alidodov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
Trophy Hunting ◽  
Disjunct Populations

AbstractHeptner's markhor Capra falconeri heptneri is an Endangered wild goat occurring in disjunct populations in southern Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. Surveys to determine the total population in Tajikistan were conducted during February–April 2012. A total of 1,018 animals were observed. In most areas, which include state protected areas and family- and community-based conservancies, markhor populations are stable or increasing. Threats include illegal hunting, habitat degradation, competition with livestock and disease transmission. To motivate conservancies economically to protect markhor populations, trophy hunting should be permitted to accommodate the sustainable use of markhor, with revenues distributed in a transparent and equitably shared manner.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Bacterial and Fungal Community Profiles in Bulk Soil and Rhizospheres of Three Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] Genotypes through PCR-DGGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Anna Mae M. de los Reyes ◽  
Eureka Teresa M. Ocampo ◽  
Ma. Carmina C. Manuel ◽  
Bernadette C. Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Rhizosphere Effect ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity

Each plant species is regarded to substantially influence and thus, select for specific rhizosphere microbial populations. This is considered in the exploitation of soil microbial diversity associated with important crops, which has been of interest in modern agricultural practices for sustainable productivity. This study used PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) in order to obtain an initial assessment of the bacterial and fungal communities associated in bulk soil and rhizospheres of different mungbean genotypes under natural field conditions. Integrated use of multivariate analysis and diversity index showed plant growth stage as the primary driver of community shifts in both microbial groups while rhizosphere effect was found to be less discrete in fungal communities. On the other hand, genotype effect was not discerned but not inferred to be absent due to possible lack of manifestations of differences among genotypes based on tolerance to drought under non-stressed environment, and due to detection limits of DGGE. Sequence analysis of prominent members further revealed that Bacillus and Arthrobacter species were dominant in bacterial communities whereas members of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were common in fungal communities of mungbean. Overall, fungal communities had higher estimated diversity and composition heterogeneity, and were more dynamic under plant growth influence, rhizosphere effect and natural environmental conditions during mungbean growth in upland field. These primary evaluations are prerequisite to understanding the interactions between plant and rhizosphere microorganisms with the intention of employing their potential use for sustainable crop production.

scholarly journals Control of Tutaabsoluta using pheromone traps on tomato crops under greenhouse in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mohamed Bellatreche ◽  
◽  
Saida Messgo-Moumene ◽  
Atika Guendouz-Ben Rima ◽  
Ikbal Chaieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
The West ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Remarkable Reduction ◽  
Integrated Control System

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of pheromone traps of adults of Tuta absoluta in 4 potential tomato production areas in Algeria: Tipaza (Center), Mostaganem (West), Jijel (East) and Biskra (South), during the 2012-2014 campaigns. Two tomato greenhouses were considered for each zone in which, one was protected by the setup of pheromone traps and the other as an insecticide sprayed control. Tomato leaf samples were taken from each greenhouse, each month of each year according to the areas of studies to calculate the rates of infestation. Higher infestation rates were recorded in the greenhouses with local agricultural practices (control) compared with those protected by pheromone traps. With the use of the pheromone traps, a remarkable reduction affected the infestation of the greenhouses in the 4 studied areas during the years 2012 to 2014. The southern area seemed to be the most infested and at a least degree the areas of the West, the Center and the East, respectively. The temporal evolution of infestation rates showed an increase since January until July with June and July showing the higher infestation rates. These results showed the efficacy of trapping of T. absoluta males and the importance of their sustainable use in the integrated control system against this devastating insect in Algeria.

scholarly journals The Morphological Change in Sunflower Plant under Hardening Conditions to Drought Tolerance. II. Leaf Number and Leaf Area

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-479
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Leaf Formation ◽  
Neutron Moisture

The study was conducted during the spring season of 2000 and2001. The objective was to study the changes in leaves number of sunflower plants and its leaf area during growth stages under hardening conditions to drought tolerance. Agricultural practices were made according to recommendations.Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications.The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to100%(full irrigation),75and50%of available water.The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments:Control(unsoaking), soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution(500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained their original weight. Amount of water for each irrigation were calculated to satisfy water depletion in soil using a neutron moisture meter. Results indicated that stress 800Kp reduced leaves number after 72 days from Planting by 5.29% compared with full irrigation as a mean of seasons.Increased stress to 600 and 800 Kp caused decreasing in leaf area at physiological maturation by 36.10 and 44.32% than full irrigation as a mean of seasons. Flame was superior over Euroflor after 58 days from planting in leaves number by 12.30 % in the season of 2001, while Euroflor was superior by 4.87% after58 days from planting in the season of 2000 ,and in leaf area by 58.25% after 44 days from planting in the season of 2001, and by 34.72% as a mean of seasons.Soaking the seeds presowing in paclobutrazol and pix solutions enhanced leaf formation , the percentage of increase reached to 5.57 and 7.49% after 86 days from planting as a mean of seasons, and leaf area by 35.9 and 36.95% respectively, compared with unsoaked as a mean of seasons. This study suggest that it could improve plant growth and kept sutable leaf area during seeds filling and drought tolerance by soaking the seeds presowing in water or plant growth regulators.

Disease in fisheries and aquaculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-210
Author(s):  
Donald C. Behringer ◽  
Chelsea L. Wood ◽  
Martin Krkošek ◽  
David Bushek
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Species Management ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Opening Up

Infectious marine diseases have profound impacts on fisheries and aquaculture through their effects on growth, fecundity, mortality, and marketability. Economic losses have motivated research to minimize the negative impacts of disease on these industries. However, this relationship is reciprocal, as fishing and aquaculture can shape disease transmission. The effects of fisheries and aquaculture on disease are scale dependent, with different outcomes at the population, metapopulation, community, and ecosystem levels. Management approaches are limited in fisheries, and intense in aquaculture, sometimes with undesirable impacts on wild species. Management needs can be particularly intense in hatcheries, where stocks are sensitive and kept at high densities. Increased interest in microbiome–disease interactions are opening up new opportunities to manage marine diseases in aquaculture. Solutions for marine diseases in fisheries and aquaculture may ultimately improve human health by reducing exposure to pathogens and increasing nutrient quality, but could negatively impact human health through exposure to antibiotics and other chemicals used to treat parasites.

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