scholarly journals High-Yielding Variety Policies in Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-254
Author(s):  
Christopher Cramer ◽  
John Sender ◽  
Arkebe Oqubay
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
High Yielding Variety ◽  
Basic Wage ◽  
High Investment ◽  
Effective Organization ◽  
Monitoring Performance

Chapter 10 highlights policy priorities capable of generating large productivity improvements, balance of payments improvements, and big increases in employment, especially for rural women. Growth, structural transformation, and welfare improvements in African economies require a sustained high investment rate, led by public sector spending to maximize crowding in of private investment; they require state support for the development of ‘national champion’ firms (and farms); they cannot be sustained without a massive export drive; investment needs to be encouraged in specific kinds of labour-intensive economic activities. This ‘possibilist’ strategy depends developing capabilities for monitoring performance and disciplining recipients of state resources; among the relevant targets for firms are measures to encourage the effective organization and voice of the workers they employ. The strategy also has to include policies to expand the non-inflationary supply of basic wage goods, including intervention to manage grain prices.

scholarly journals Public Sector Finances as Determinants of Private Investment in PPP Projects – Experiences from Select Countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Satinder Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
The Public

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects have been gaining in popularity in many developing countries along with developed countries. While there has been sufficient research on private sector capacity to make the partnership successful, not much research exists on the importance of the financial health of the public sector in PPP projects. The premise of the current research is that strong public sector finances instil confidence in the private sector of governments’ ability to honour PPP commitments and that, in turn, increases the attractiveness of PPP projects. Through a number of case studies relating to government finances of Indian states and other countries, it is seen that governments which have checks and balances to issuance of guarantees and other forms of indirect support for PPP projects are actually able to attract higher levels of PPP investment.

scholarly journals An Empirical Assessment of Participation and Decision Making by Rural Women in Agriculture and Livestock Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 009-012
Author(s):  
Rashmi Chaudhary ◽  
◽  
Yasmin Janjhua ◽  
Avineet ◽  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Women In Agriculture ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Selection Of

Women make essential contributions to agriculture and rural economic activities in all developing countries. Even though women contribute 60 to 80% of the labour in agriculture and animal husbandry, their involvement in selection of suitable crops and adoption of innovative and good management practices is very low. The study reported that sampled women respondents have shown participation in all the selected agriculture and livestock activities excluding marketing and financial management. The study put forth that very less households witness female participation in agriculture and livestock activities related decision making. Some of the important reasons for their subdued role in decision making in agricultural production could be lack of awareness about new opportunities and modern technologies, inadequate facilities for training and capacity building and poor access to extension workers for consultation whenever needed.

Sovereign Development Funds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bruce-Clark ◽  
Ashby H.B Monk
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Expected Return ◽  
Investment Returns ◽  
High Investment

In a slowing global economy with diminished confidence in the long-term prospects of public financial markets, many institutional investors are looking for innovative, and often private, investment strategies to meet expected return targets. One source of potential inspiration has, perhaps surprisingly, come from the community of sovereign development funds. SDFs are strategic, government-sponsored investment organizations with dual objective functions: to deliver high financial performance, while fostering development. Despite expectations that this dual function inevitably leads to financial underperformance, certain SDFs have actually delivered consistently high investment returns, especially in private markets. As such, SDF strategies are increasingly being used as models for investment strategies among non-developmental investment organizations. This chapter explores the rise of SDFs, explains the differences between SDFs and SWFs, and substantiates variations in their models of governance and management. In doing so, its goal is to situate SDFs in the changing world of global financial markets and public policy.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Women Involvement in Farming and Family Life in Rural Parts of Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
L. O. Ogunsumi ◽  
Victor A. Adeyeye ◽  
F. B. Fato
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Percent Confidence Level ◽  
Output Increase ◽  
Significant Difference

The study was carried out through the use of structured questionnaire administered on women in two agricultural zones of Oyo State. The main objective of this paper is to examine the extent of women’s participation in farming specifically, the paper is designed to identify the sources of income and compare income levels in two geographical settings, identify and compare farming activities in two different farming zones. In the paper attempt has been made to characterize the farm labour force, access to land and other inputs in the two different farming zones and on the basis of all these some recommendations that if implemented would lead to increase in output, increase in return from farm and consequently increase in their various contributions to the household have been proposed.Some fifty women were interviewed from the two selected zones. Descriptive statistics was used to explain the background information, socio economic activities farming activities, development projects, as well as the problems encountered by women in the two areas.Multiple regression analysis was used to show the extent to which variables such as age, hectarage, educational attainment and experience in farming affect the income of rural women in the study areas. Dummy variables were added to distinguish between the two areas. This is to show if there was a significant difference in the income levels of the rural women in the areas.The study revealed that the size of the farmland cultivated by women in the two areas was generally small. About 50 percent of the respondents cultivated one hectare of land or below. Low credit facility for farm work and lack of modern inputs like fertilizer and improved seeds were major constraints for increased productivity among the women respondents. Innovations introduced in the study areas include Adult education, improved seeds coupled with improved production package. The t-test revealed the lead equation being semi-log, the coefficients of which are hectarage cultivated, educational level and income from other sources were significant at 95 percent confidence level. About, 59 percent of the variations in the income of rural women interviewed were explained by the independent variables.

Impact of hybrid seeds on demand for labour: the case of chilli production in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-685
Author(s):  
Apri Laila Sayekti ◽  
Di Zeng ◽  
Randy Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Household Decision ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Gender Specific

PurposeThis paper examines the labour demand associated with hybrid chilli adoption, a relatively labour-intensive crop in Indonesia.Design/production/approachUsing 228 chilli producing households in West Java Province, Indonesia’s primary chilli production region, the analysis extends previous research on household labour demand by assessing the impacts of hybrid chilli seed adoption on both family and hired labour on a gender-specific basis. Instrumental variables 2SLS approach is employed to address potential endogeneity that may occur related to hybrid seed choices.FindingsThe results demonstrate that hybrid chilli seed use is more likely to increase demand for hired labour, particularly female hired labour; However, hybrid seed adoption is insignificantly associated with demand for male and female family labour.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size used in this paper is relatively small; however, the sample is chosen from the biggest chilli producing area in Indonesia and can still be considered reasonably representative.Social implicationsThe results indicate that hybrid seed adoption creates rural employment opportunities for rural women in Indonesia, which could potentially help empower them in rural economic activities and household decision making.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature assessing modern agricultural technologies by evaluating rural employment impacts on a source- and gender-specific basis, which is much less understood. It, therefore, complements the existing knowledge regarding welfare impacts in other aspects such as poverty reduction, food security and nutrition enhancement and suggests another dimension where desirable impacts may occur through associated women’s empowerment.

The State and Capital Accumulation in Mexico

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V.K. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Case ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

The economic activities of the state have rightly been regarded as a crucial factor in the remarkably rapid process of capitalist expansion experienced by Mexico in the two decades after the Second World War, and must also be seen as such in the imbalance that has emerged over the last ten years –an imbalance that itself led to an accelerated growth of the public sector. State intervention in the process of capital accumulation during the period of dependent import-substituting industrialization is common to the experience of Latin America as a whole, but in Mexico the scale and scope of this intervention appear to have been greater than elsewhere, generating an important debate over the size of the Mexican public sector in the 1960s, and now providing a significant case to be examined in the light of current discussions as to the relative autonomy of the state in capitalist economies.

scholarly journals Dutch Trade with Senegambia, Guinea, and Cape Verde, c.1590–1674

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
FILIPA RIBEIRO DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Private Investors

Little attention has been given to the economic activities of European private investors in the Western African trade. To partly fill this void in the literature, this chapter examines the private investment of the entrepreneurs and businessmen of the Dutch Republic in the ‘Guinea of Cape Verde’ between c.1590 and 1674. It analyses the entrepreneurs financing the insurances of ships and cargos for the Guinea of Cape Verde. The chapter also studies the Republic's businessmen operating in the long-distance circuits between the ‘Guinea of Cape Verde’, Europe and the Americas. In addition, it determines the commercial agents of the Republic's merchants and looks at their agency in the Guinea of Cape Verde's trade. This study is based on the collection of Notarial contracts of Amsterdam's Municipal Archive, the Dutch West India Company's archives and on German and Dutch travelling accounts.

scholarly journals Determinants of Private Investment in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Muhammad Suleman ◽  
Abdur Rehman ◽  
Haroon Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
Short Run

Private investment has a significant relation with the economic growth of the country. It plays an important role in reduction of unemployment and poverty by promoting efficiency and competition among the firms. This study is an attempt to investigate the determinants of private investment in Pakistan. For this purpose, time-series data is utilized for the period 1974-2013. The ARDL (Auto Regressive-Distributed Lag) modeling technique of co-integration was employed to estimate the short-run and long-run determinants of private investment in Pakistan. Empirical findings of this study indicated that in the short-run private investment in Pakistan is determined by the growth rate of GDP, public sector investment, and domestic savings. While in the long run it is determined by the official exchange rate, the growth rate of GDP, public sector investment, domestic savings, trade openness, and interest rate. The results also revealed that in the case of Pakistan different political regimes (democratic, non-democratic) have no significance in the determination of private investment. Stability tests of CUSUM and (CUSUMSQ) (Cumulative Sum Control Chart) were performed in this study. These tests indicated a stable, long run as well as short-run structural stability of the model.

scholarly journals Propuesta de mejora en la calidad del aire: caso Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Joel Garcia Galvan ◽  
◽  
Martin G. Romero Morett ◽  
Maria Magdalena Velazquez Contreras ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Focus ◽  
Didactic Material ◽  
The Relationship

This essay aims to analyze the various scenarios in economic activities and the relationship that exists between the Public Sector and the Private Sector, by proposing to work in a coordinated manner on an investment project with an environmental focus. For this case, about a decrease in air pollution in a part of the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area (Jalisco, Mexico). Based on the information seen in the Seminar “Prospective, complex thinking and transdiscipline”, and as part of the indicated activities, was? didactic material that exemplifies the development of concepts, methodology and economic and financial analysis tools used in the subject of Formulation and Evaluation of Projects taught in the Economics Degree of the University of Guadalajara. The logical framework methodology is used, in which the relationship between the Public Sector and the Private Sector is articulated, as links that occur systematically in a complex environment, such as air pollution in cities and that it affects the public health of the population.

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