The Moral Worlds of Migration Policing

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-153
Author(s):  
Ana Aliverti
Keyword(s):  
Moral Economy ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The People ◽  
Conflicting Demands ◽  
State Coercion ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
Border Controls

This chapter focuses on the moral worlds of migration policing. It reflects on the moral categories officers mobilize to understand the people they deal with, the moral meaning they attach to their actions, as well as to their job, and the range of emotional reactions that they express -including the moral pains involved in doing border work. The moral economy of immigration work is dominated by distinct and often conflicting logics and rationales (the bureaucratic, the punitive, and the compassionate), and underpinned by a political economy of immigration controls which simultaneously moralize and normalize immigration lawbreaking. In exploring how officers on the ground navigate and give content to this moral economy, we grasp the complex, ambivalent, and polyvalent sentiments mobilized in the policing of migration, and the distinct moral dilemmas that these officers encounter in their daily work. In the quest to produce a ‘bordered order’ (Aas 2013), they appreciate not only the arbitrariness of border control (and its inadequacy to confront the profound global disparities underpinning status illegality), but also its capricious operation, which does not deliver on the promises of getting rid of criminals, and letting in ‘good’ migrants. They convey the emotionally and morally draining nature of border controls and its human costs on both sides of state coercion, which exercise can equally brutalize and humanize those bestowing it. In conciliating the conflicting demands for care and order, empathy and suspicion, these officers often felt unable to achieve either.

Framing Morality: How Antecedent-Focused Strategies Can Shape Moral Judgments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kappes ◽  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Process Dissociation ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
First Response ◽  
High Conflict

From moral philosophy to programming driverless cars, scholars have long been interested in how to shape moral decision-making. We examine how framing can impact moral judgments either by shaping which emotional reactions are evoked in a situation (antecedent-focused) or by changing how people respond to their emotional reactions (response-focused). In three experiments, we manipulated the framing of a moral decision-making task before participants judged a series of moral dilemmas. Participants encouraged to go “with their first” response beforehand favored emotion-driven judgments on high-conflict moral dilemmas. In contrast, participants who were instructed to give a “thoughtful” response beforehand or who did not receive instructions on how to approach the dilemmas favored reason-driven judgments. There was no difference in response-focused control during moral judgements. Process-dissociation confirmed that people instructed to go with their first response had stronger emotion-driven intuitions than other conditions. Our results suggest that task framing can alter moral intuitions.

scholarly journals Surveillance in Practice: Operators’ Collective Interpretation of CCTV Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-327
Author(s):  
Barbara Heebels ◽  
Irina Van Aalst
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Bodily Appearance ◽  
The People ◽  
Informal Practices ◽  
Cctv Surveillance ◽  
Social Sorting

CCTV surveillance is a cultural practice and collective effort. CCTV not only involves a technical assemblage that is used to discipline the surveilled, it is also a social assemblage in which the informal practices of operators play a major role in the multiple interpretations of images. This paper provides insights into the daily work practices and discourses of CCTV operators and their supervisors through observations of and interviews in the control room of public CCTV surveillance in Rotterdam. By providing a better understanding of the role of people in socio-technical assemblages, this paper contributes to the discussion on human mediation in computerized networks. The paper contributes to the expanding literature on surveillance as a cultural practice by combining insights on social sorting with insights on collective evaluation of unfolding situations—i.e., how group dynamics within the control room influence how people are “judged.” Building on Goffman’s frame analysis, the paper reveals the crucial role of talk and humor in re-performing what happens on the streets as well as evaluating situations and the people watched. Moreover, it discusses how these collective re-performances of what is being watched both reproduce and reshape “othering” practices within the control room. The paper shows how humorous utterances play an important part in overcoming hierarchy and collectively managing emotions, and explores how this humor influences profiling on the basis of bodily appearance.

Social identification with the “Yellow Vests”: An exploratory study in France.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Barbier ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco ◽  
Sylvain Delouvée
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The People ◽  
Full Swing ◽  
New Social Order

The present study was carried out in December, 2018 and aimed at exploring the “Yellow Vests” movement when the revolts were in full swing. It involved 260 French participants (Mage = 42.9 years, SDage 14.6, Min = 18 to Max = 88). Results confirmed our hypotheses. The people who most identified with the “Yellow Vests” are those who perceive the system to be less fair and more illegitimate, and who express more dissatisfaction with the democratic regime and are generally more politically cynical. They feel more alienated and affirm that they would be more likely to resort to violence in order to introduce a new social order. They adhere more to conspiracy theories. Finally, we found greater identification of the “Yellow Vests” with extreme compared to moderate political parties. We discuss these results from the defence of the moral economy principle.

The borderization of waiting: Negotiating borders and migration in the 2011 Syrian civil conflict

2020 ◽  
pp. 239965442094359
Author(s):  
SUZAN ILCAN
Keyword(s):  
Civil Conflict ◽  
The State ◽  
Border Control ◽  
City Street ◽  
Policy Program ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
Depth Interviews

The past several decades has witnessed diverse techniques of border control and migrant experiences and negotiations of border controls. This article focusses on the spatio-temporal dimensions of border control that underscore the deceleration of migration movements and stimulate certain kinds of agency, processes that bring attention to what is referred to as the borderization of waiting. Drawing on and contributing to critical migration and border studies, the analysis first draws attention to city street protests in Syria that demanded political change, which in turn created powerful responses including the expansion of protests against the state, the circulation of fear by the state, and the movements of people out of Syria. It then demonstrates how the borderization of waiting during the 2011 Syrian civil conflict occurs at many different points along migrant journeys and encompasses not only precarity but also fear, insecurity, invisibility, and presence. This form of waiting encourages ‘agency-in-displacement,’ which involves strategizing journeys and negotiating inter-state military checkpoints, state territorial borders, and holding zones in order for people on the move to access safety and protection. The analysis draws on policy, program, and scholarly documents, and on a selection of fifty-five in-depth, interviews with Syrians, now resettled in Canada, about their experiences and negotiations of border controls during their departures from the civil conflict.

Ritual Time and Popular Expectations of Papal Rule in Early Modern Rome

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-49
Author(s):  
John M. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Imminent Death ◽  
Early Modern Rome ◽  
The City

The political and ritual life of early modern Rome provided its inhabitants ample opportunities not only to express grievances with papal government but also to voice expectations of newly elected pontiffs. Three ritual moments in particular—each linked as a cycle related to the pope’s reign—looked toward the future. These were the papal election, the possesso (the newly elected pontiff’s procession to San Giovanni in Laterano), and the pope’s death. As the papal election commenced in the conclave, Romans communicated their hopes for a pontiff who would adhere to a traditional moral economy by keeping the city abundantly supplied with grain and other foodstuffs. The ceremonies connected to the possesso reinforced these concerns; during the pope’s procession from Saint Peter’s to San Giovanni, the people greeted him with placards, statues, and ritual shouts, which reminded him to uphold this sacred duty. A pope who failed to abide by this moral economy faced popular discontent. This took the form of murmuring and pasquinades that wished for his imminent death, thus anticipating an end to his odious reign and to the future freedoms of the vacant see, a time in which the machinery of papal government and justice halted, allowing the people to vocalize their anger. Immediately on the heels of the pope’s death came the papal election, starting the cycle anew. This paper will argue that the rhythms of papal government enabled the people to articulate their expectations of papal rule, both present and future, grounded in traditional paternalism.

Riding the rails of removal: The impact of railways on border controls and expulsion practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-210
Author(s):  
Torsten Feys
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Railway Networks ◽  
Central Pillar ◽  
Border Controls ◽  
The Impact

Nineteenth-century Belgian authorities liked to consider themselves as liberal towards migrants, but the 340,000 expulsions carried out between 1835 and 1913 paint a different picture. This article assesses how the development of Belgian railway networks influenced controls of entry and expulsion practices through seven borderland hubs with international rail connections. It first details how control stations followed changes in transport infrastructure and that some form of border control on human mobility was upheld throughout the nineteenth century. Second, it explains how railways drastically changed expulsions allowing the Sûreté Publique (i.e. the Belgian Foreigners Police) to establish a well-oiled deportation apparatus which became a central pillar of migration policies. Using Walters' concept of “viapolitics”, it details how transport systems and infrastructure shaped the state's ability to govern migrants.

scholarly journals Understanding professional expertise in unfamiliar face matching

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David White ◽  
Alice Towler ◽  
Richard Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Identity Verification ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
Face Matching ◽  
The People ◽  
Unfamiliar Face Matching ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Specialist Groups ◽  
Modern Identity

Deciding whether or not two images are of the same unfamiliar face is an important task in many professions. These decisions are a critical part of modern identity verification processes with direct – and often profound – consequences for individual rights and the security of society. As a result, the public expect the people entrusted with these decisions to perform accurately. But do they? Here we review 29 published tests comparing face matching accuracy in professional and novice groups. Twelve of these tests show no significant differences between professional and novice groups, suggesting that merely performing the task in daily work is not sufficient to improve accuracy. However, specialist groups of Facial Examiners and Police Super- recognisers consistently outperform novices. Staff selection, mentorship, deliberate practice, motivation, feedback and training may all contribute to enhancing the performance of individuals working in these groups and future research is necessary to delineate their relative contributions.

scholarly journals Refleksi terhadap kewarganegaraan ekologi dan tanggung jawab warga negara melalui program “ecovillage”

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Halimah ◽  
Siti Fauziah Nurul
Keyword(s):  
Community Research ◽  
Civic Responsibility ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
The People ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
River Region ◽  
The Government

This research raises the problem of the Citarum River which is increasingly being neglected even though the Provincial and Regional Governments have conducted various solutions at a significant cost. This should be a concern for us together and the community around the Citarum River Region in particular in general the people of West Java. In addition to the program that was launched, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten bandung Barat (DLH KBB) created an ecovillage program as a facilitator to the community directly with the aim of changing the mindset so as to maintain a clean and healthy environment. At this time civic responsibility is needed so that the programs organized by the government are successful and efficient. The problem to be examined is how the DLH program and the role of ecovillage in building the Citarum River civic responsibility are in line with the expectations and targets of DLH KBB program. The research method uses a qualitative approach by conducting observations, interviews with related sources both in the office, village head and community who are moving as ecovillage cadres. The results of community research still do not have full participation even to the awareness of civic responsibility due to various factors ranging from mindset, education, even daily work that hinders the success of the program.

scholarly journals Political Dogma Stroll’s non political moral decision making

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Noorani ◽  
Khurram Shakir ◽  
Muddasir Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
Moral Decisions

Ethical enigma kernelling concerns about actions against concerns about consequences have been dealt by philosophers and psychologists to measure “universal” moral intuitions. Although these enigmas contain no evident political content, we decipher that liberals are more likely than conservatives to be concerned about consequences, whereas conservatives are more likely than liberals to be concerned about actions. This denouement is exhibited in two large, heterogeneous samples and across several different moral dilemmas. In addition, manipulations of dilemma averseness and order of presentation suggest that this political difference is due in part to different sensitivities to emotional reactions in moral decision-making: Conservatives are very much inclined to “go with the gut” and let affective responses guide moral judgments, while liberals are more likely to deliberate about optimal consequences. In this article, extracting a sample from Western Europe, we report evidence that political differences can be found in moral decisions about issues that have no evident political content. In particular, we find that conservatives are more likely than liberals to attend to the action itself when deciding whether something is right or wrong, whereas liberals are more likely than conservatives to attend to the consequences of the action. Further, we report preliminary evidence that this is partly explained by the kernel of truth from the parodies – conservatives are more likely than liberals to “go with the gut” by using their affective responses to guide moral judgment.

Historicizing Mobility: Coyoterismo in the Indigenous Ecuadorian Migration Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 676 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Stone-Cadena ◽  
Soledad Álvarez Velasco
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Contemporary Context

Based on ethnographic research in the Ecuadorian Highlands, this article puts the mobility, migration, and smuggling practices of Ecuador’s indigenous people in historical and contemporary context. The people of Ecuador’s Southern Highlands have been on the move for generations, and migration is deeply embedded in the social and cultural landscape. In the rural communities of Cañar, indigenous coyotes are more than facilitators of migration: they are community members operating amid broader structural constraints, which have led to the emergence of specific trends in the facilitation of irregularized migration, yet they are expected to adhere to communal principles of reciprocity and trust. We place indigenous migrant narratives of mobility and identity at the center of our analysis of human smuggling, articulating a counternarrative to that of criminalization prevalent in transnational debates of irregularized migration, national security, and border control.

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