Timber

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Charles Taylor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Forestry Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Timber Market

During the civil war, Liberia’s forestry sector rose to prominence as Charles Taylor traded timber for arms. When the war ended, the UN’s timber sanctions remained in effect, reinforced by the Forestry Development Authority’s (FDA) domestic ban on logging. As Liberians waited for UN timber sanctions to be lifted, a burgeoning domestic timber market developed. This demand was met by artisanal loggers, more commonly referred to as pit sawyers. Out of this illicit economy emerged the Nezoun Group to provide local dispute resolution between the FDA’s tax collectors and ex-combatant pit sawyers. The Nezoun Group posed a dilemma for the government. On the one hand, the regulatory efforts of the Nezoun Group helped the FDA to tax an activity that it had banned. On the other hand, the state’s inability to contain the operations of the Nezoun Group—in open contravention of Liberian laws—highlighted the government’s capacity problems.

MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER SEJAK USIA DINI

Edupedia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Agus Supriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early Age ◽  
National Education ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Character education is a vital instrument in determining the progress of a nation. Therefore the government needs to build educational institutions in order to produce good human resources that are ready to oversee and deliver the nation at a progressive level. It’s just that in reality, national education is not in line with the ideals of national education because the output is not in tune with moral values on the one hand and the potential for individuals to compete in world intellectual order on the other hand. Therefore, as a solution to these problems is the need for the applicationof character education from an early age.

scholarly journals Wealth, Slave Ownership, and Fighting for the Confederacy: An Empirical Study of the American Civil War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Hall ◽  
Connor Huff ◽  
Shiro Kuriwaki
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Free Rider ◽  
American Civil War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Confederate Army ◽  
Free Ride ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Personal Wealth ◽  
The One

How did personal wealth and slaveownership affect the likelihood southerners fought for the Confederate Army in the American Civil War? On the one hand, wealthy southerners had incentives to free-ride on poorer southerners and avoid fighting; on the other hand, wealthy southerners were disproportionately slaveowners, and thus had more at stake in the outcome of the war. We assemble a dataset on roughly 3.9 million free citizens in the Confederacy, and show that slaveowners were more likely to fight than non-slaveowners. We then exploit a randomized land lottery held in 1832 in Georgia. Households of lottery winners owned more slaves in 1850 and were more likely to have sons who fought in the Confederate Army. We conclude that slaveownership, in contrast to some other kinds of wealth, compelled southerners to fight despite free-rider incentives because it raised their stakes in the war’s outcome.

Competing constraints in alternative dispute resolution

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Community Justice ◽  
Justice Program ◽  
The One

Despite rapid growth in the provision of alternative dispute resolution services by governments, little sociological attention has been paid to the emerging form these services take. In this paper I offer a preliminary analysis of mediations conducted by the Community Justice Program in Queensland. I focus on the interactional management of two competing constraints on the talk. On the one hand mediation services must provide an accountably standardised and recognisable process. This creates the need for formalisation of the mediation process. On the other hand, because of philosophical commitments to disputant control over the dispute and its outcome, Community Justice Program mediations must be conducted in such a way as to display this commitment to disputant control and authority in the proceedings. This creates a conflicting need for displays of informality. This paper focuses on some strategies which appear to be designed to achieve this mix of formality and informality in Community Justice Program mediations.

scholarly journals AKAR-AKAR TRADISI POLITIK SUNNI DI INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Great Influence ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The Sunni doctrine plays an important role in the government. Its accommodative characteristic is something important that makes Sunni doctrine to be a device of the legitimation of the authority. The Muslim thinkers of classical Sunni such as al-Mawardi (975-1058 M), al-Ghazali (1058-1111 M) and lbn Taimiyah(1263-1329 M) have a great role in formulating the political doctrine of Sunni. In spite of the different nuance, all of these three classical Sunni thinkers develop the moderate political doctrine of Sunni. On the one hand, it is, of course, significant in situating the harmonious relation between the ruler and community. Therefore, the social and political stabilities will be well-maintained On the other hand, such a thought for a certain extent evokes stagnancy. Because there is no radical thought which is critical and opposite against the authority, the Sunni idea is frequently made use for the instantaneous interests of power. On evenlttally, the mutual interrelationship between the Sunni ulama and the ruler often happens. While ulama feel obtaining the patronage from the authority, the ruler gains religious justification from ulama. In this context, Indonesia as the country with the majority of Sunni Muslims, as a matter of fact, applies the political doctrine of Sunni. It is because Sunni has had a long and establishei root since. the period of Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago, before Dutch-Colonial period. The archipelago ulama also formulated the harmonious relation between Islam and authority as formulated by the ulama of classical Sunni. The polotical tradition of Sunni was becoming stronger in line with the great influence of ulama in the archipelago kingdoms. This article tries to elaborate the relation between the Sunni ulama with the power of the kings in the archipelago and the patronage of the archipelago rulers toward them.

6 Expedited Proceedings: (SIAC RULE 5)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choong John
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Arbitration ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The One

One of the criticisms against international arbitration is its occasional failure to live up to its potential for the expeditious resolution of disputes. Indeed, there is a tension at the core of modern international arbitration. On the one hand, parties seek speedy, cost-efficient, and final dispute resolution; while on the other hand, the absence of an appeal mechanism for arbitral awards generates a perceived need for exhaustive analysis of every fact and conceivable argument and for the retention of the ‘best’ (and therefore the busiest) lawyers and arbitrators, creating an attendant risk of ever-longer and more expensive arbitration proceedings. This chapter discusses the SIAC's rules designed to achieve expedition and cost-efficiency in all cases. These include Rule 5.1 on circumstances in which the expedited procedure may be appropriate, and Rule 5.2 covering the SIAC expedited procedure.

Dualisme Pelestarian dan Pengembangan Musik Keroncong pada Tahun 1970-an

Metahumaniora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Raden Muhammad Mulyadi ◽  
Dian Indira
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Arts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Music Genre ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Keroncong merupakan suatu genre musik yang khas Indonesia, keberadaanya selalu dikaitkan dengan statusnya sebagai salah satu warisan seni budaya bangsa Indonesia yang perlu dilestarikan. Selain perlu dilestarikan, para penggiat keroncong dan pemerintah pun menganggap perlu mengembangkan keroncong dalam segi musik maupun perluasan peminatnya, khususnya di kalangan generasi muda. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan popularitas keroncong yang sudah menurun sejak akhir tahun 1960-an bahkan pada tahun 1970-an keroncong sudah dinyatakan harus diselamatkan atau dilestarikan. Perkembangan keroncong terhambat oleh semangat pelestarian musik tersebut. Pelestarian keroncong terhambat oleh pakem-pakem yang ditentukan oleh para tokoh senior musik tersebut. Pakem-pakem keroncong merupakan suatu bentuk hegemoni para tokoh senior keroncong untuk memberi batasan keroncong yang baik dan benar menurut versi mereka. Pada satu sisi, pakem-pakem dalam keroncong telah dapat menjaga kelestarian keroncong, sementara pada sisi lainnya tidak berhasil mengembangkan keroncong kepada peminat yang lebih luas.  Keroncong is a music genre that is typical of Indonesia, its existence is always associated with its status as one of the Indonesian cultural arts heritage that needs to be preserved. Besides needing to be preserved, keroncong activists and the government also consider it necessary to develop keroncong in terms of music and the expansion of their interests, especially among the younger generation. This study examine that the popularity of keroncong which has declined since the late 1960s even in the 1970s that keroncong has been declared to be saved or preserved. Keroncong development is hampered by the spirit of preservation of the music. Keroncong conservation is hampered by the standards determined by the senior figures of the music. Pakem-pakem (standards) keroncong is a form of hegemony of senior keroncong figures to limit the keroncong to good and correct according to their version. On the one hand, the features in keroncong have been able to preserve keroncong, while on the other hand they have not succeeded in developing keroncong for wider interested ones.

Dualisme Pelestarian dan Pengembangan Musik Keroncong pada Tahun 1970-an

Metahumaniora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Raden Muhammad Mulyadi ◽  
Dian Indira
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Cultural Arts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
Music Genre ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Keroncong merupakan suatu genre musik yang khas Indonesia, keberadaanya selalu dikaitkan dengan statusnya sebagai salah satu warisan seni budaya bangsa Indonesia yang perlu dilestarikan. Selain perlu dilestarikan, para penggiat keroncong dan pemerintah pun menganggap perlu mengembangkan keroncong dalam segi musik maupun perluasan peminatnya, khususnya di kalangan generasi muda. Penelitian ini memperlihatkan popularitas keroncong yang sudah menurun sejak akhir tahun 1960-an bahkan pada tahun 1970-an keroncong sudah dinyatakan harus diselamatkan atau dilestarikan. Perkembangan keroncong terhambat oleh semangat pelestarian musik tersebut. Pelestarian keroncong terhambat oleh pakem-pakem yang ditentukan oleh para tokoh senior musik tersebut. Pakem-pakem keroncong merupakan suatu bentuk hegemoni para tokoh senior keroncong untuk memberi batasan keroncong yang baik dan benar menurut versi mereka. Pada satu sisi, pakem-pakem dalam keroncong telah dapat menjaga kelestarian keroncong, sementara pada sisi lainnya tidak berhasil mengembangkan keroncong kepada peminat yang lebih luas.  Keroncong is a music genre that is typical of Indonesia, its existence is always associated with its status as one of the Indonesian cultural arts heritage that needs to be preserved. Besides needing to be preserved, keroncong activists and the government also consider it necessary to develop keroncong in terms of music and the expansion of their interests, especially among the younger generation. This study examine that the popularity of keroncong which has declined since the late 1960s even in the 1970s that keroncong has been declared to be saved or preserved. Keroncong development is hampered by the spirit of preservation of the music. Keroncong conservation is hampered by the standards determined by the senior figures of the music. Pakem-pakem (standards) keroncong is a form of hegemony of senior keroncong figures to limit the keroncong to good and correct according to their version. On the one hand, the features in keroncong have been able to preserve keroncong, while on the other hand they have not succeeded in developing keroncong for wider interested ones.

Private Confederacies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Broomall
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Military Service ◽  
White Men ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Military Units

How did the Civil War, emancipation, and Reconstruction shape the masculinity of white Confederate veterans? As James J. Broomall shows, the crisis of the war forced a reconfiguration of the emotional worlds of the men who took up arms for the South. Raised in an antebellum culture that demanded restraint and shaped white men to embrace self-reliant masculinity, Confederate soldiers lived and fought within military units where they experienced the traumatic strain of combat and its privations together--all the while being separated from suffering families. Military service provoked changes that escalated with the end of slavery and the Confederacy's military defeat. Returning to civilian life, Southern veterans questioned themselves as never before, sometimes suffering from terrible self-doubt. Drawing on personal letters and diaries, Broomall argues that the crisis of defeat ultimately necessitated new forms of expression between veterans and among men and women. On the one hand, war led men to express levels of emotionality and vulnerability previously assumed the domain of women. On the other hand, these men also embraced a virulent, martial masculinity that they wielded during Reconstruction and beyond to suppress freed peoples and restore white rule through paramilitary organizations and the Ku Klux Klan.

scholarly journals International System and Technologies of Rebellion: How the End of the Cold War Shaped Internal Conflict

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
STATHIS N. KALYVAS ◽  
LAIA BALCELLS
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
International System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cold War

Because they are chiefly domestic conflicts, civil wars have been studied primarily from a perspective stressing domestic factors. We ask, instead, whether (and how) the international system shapes civil wars; we find that it does shape the way in which they are fought—their “technology of rebellion.” After disaggregating civil wars into irregular wars (or insurgencies), conventional wars, and symmetric nonconventional wars, we report a striking decline of irregular wars following the end of the Cold War, a remarkable transformation of internal conflict. Our analysis brings the international system back into the study of internal conflict. It specifies the connection between system polarity and the Cold War on the one hand and domestic warfare on the other hand. It also demonstrates that irregular war is not the paradigmatic mode of civil war as widely believed, but rather is closely associated with the structural characteristics of the Cold War.

scholarly journals Postkeynesianische Finanzpolitik zwischen Gestaltungsoptionen und Steuerungsgrenzen

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (123) ◽  
pp. 269-284
Author(s):  
Arne Heise
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Keynesian Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Scientific Debates

The public budget has always been a much debated object at the political level as well as in academia. This is not surprising as it mirrors the political intentions and ideologies of those running the government on the one hand and taking into account that economics is a multiparadigmatic science on the other hand. Against this backcloth, the current unambiguity of budgetary restriction in recent political and scientific debates seems curious. The paper aims at explaining this development and questions its validity by framing a concept of budgetary sustainability on the grounds of a heterodox, post Keynesian model.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document