Integrating Mind and Brain Science

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Brain Science ◽  
The Core ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Brain Sciences ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Primary Strategy

There is growing appreciation that understanding the complex relationship between neuroscience and psychological science is of fundamental importance to achieving progress across these scientific domains. One primary strategy for addressing this issue centers around understanding the nature of explanation in these different domains. This chapter provides a field guide to some of the core topics that have shaped and continue to influence the debate about explanation and integration across the mind and brain sciences. In addition to surveying the overall intellectual terrain, it also introduces the main proposals defended in the individual chapters included in the volume and highlights important similarities and differences between them.

Explanation and Integration in Mind and Brain Science

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Brain Science ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Complete Independence ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
Total Dependence ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary Strategy

While it has long been a topic of discussion among philosophers and scientists alike, there is growing appreciation that understanding the complex relationship between neuroscience and psychological science is of fundamental importance to achieving progress across these scientific domains. Is the relationship between them one of complete independence or autonomy—like two great ships passing in the night? Or is the relationship one of total dependence—where one is entirely subordinate to the other? Or perhaps the correct picture is one of mutually beneficial interaction and integration—lying somewhere in the middle of these two extremes? We argue that one primary strategy for addressing this issue centers around understanding the nature of explanation in these different domains. By deepening our understanding of the similarities and differences between the explanatory patterns employed across these scientific domains, the contributed chapters in this volume shed valuable light on the relationship between neuroscience and psychology.

Of Means and Ends: Mind and Brain Science in the Twentieth Century

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Casper
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Brain Science ◽  
American Science ◽  
Means And Ends ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
Brain Sciences ◽  
Epistemic Culture ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Recent Tendency

What role does context play in the mind and brain sciences? This introductory article, “Of Means and Ends,” explores that question through its focus on the ways scientists and physicians engaged with and constructed technology in the mind and brain sciences in the twentieth century. This topical issue addresses how scientists, physicians, and psychologists came to see the ends of technology as important in-and-of themselves. In so doing, the authors of these essays offer an interpretation of historian Paul Forman's revisionist and highly contextualist chronology of the twentieth century, which presents the comparatively recent tendency to aggrandize the ends of technology as evidence of a major, epochal transformation in the epistemic culture of twentieth-century American science. This collection of papers suggests that it was in the vanguard of such fields as psychology, psychiatry, and neurophysiology in North America and Europe that the ends and applications of technology became important in-and-of themselves.

Reply to Connor and Evers (2020): Critique of the Bias of Crowds Model Simply Restates the Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Payne ◽  
Heidi A. Vuletich ◽  
Kristjen B. Lundberg
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Core ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Implicit Biases ◽  
The Individual

The Bias of Crowds model (Payne, Vuletich, & Lundberg, 2017) argues that implicit bias varies across individuals and across contexts. It is unreliable and weakly associated with behavior at the individual level. But when aggregated to measure context-level effects, the scores become stable and predictive of group-level outcomes. We concluded that the statistical benefits of aggregation are so powerful that researchers should reconceptualize implicit bias as a feature of contexts, and ask new questions about how implicit biases relate to systemic racism. Connor and Evers (2020) critiqued the model, but their critique simply restates the core claims of the model. They agreed that implicit bias varies across individuals and across contexts; that it is unreliable and weakly associated with behavior at the individual level; and that aggregating scores to measure context-level effects makes them more stable and predictive of group-level outcomes. Connor and Evers concluded that implicit bias should be considered to really be noisily measured individual construct because the effects of aggregation are merely statistical. We respond to their specific arguments and then discuss what it means to really be a feature of persons versus situations, and multilevel measurement and theory in psychological science more broadly.

Coda

2018 ◽  
pp. 277-280
Author(s):  
Erika Lorraine Milam
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Ongoing Study ◽  
Human History ◽  
The Public ◽  
Brain Sciences ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
The Mind

This concluding chapter reflects on the lessons presented by this volume as a whole and considers the ongoing study into the origins of humanity in the post-1970s era. In the decades after, readers have not lost their passion for epic evolutionary dramas in which the entirety of human history unfolds before their eyes. Yet when students today respond to the question “What makes us human?” they are far more likely to invoke neurological facts than paleontological ones. The public battlefield over violence and cooperation has since shifted to new ground in the mind and brain sciences. Despite the apparent polarization of scientists writing about human nature into culture- and biology-oriented positions, the intellectual landscape defined by scientists working on the interaction between culture and biology has continued to flourish.

scholarly journals ‘It’s All Done With Mirrors’: V.S. Ramachandran and the Material Culture of Phantom Limb Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Mirror Neurons ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Mirror Therapy ◽  
Brain Sciences ◽  
Mirror Box ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
Dualistic Ontology ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Phantom Limbs

This article examines the material culture of neuroscientist Vilayanur S. Ramachandran’s research into phantom limbs. In the 1990s Ramachandran used a ‘mirror box’ to ‘resurrect’ phantom limbs and thus to treat the pain that often accompanied them. The experimental success of his mirror therapy led Ramachandran to see mirrors as a useful model of brain function, a tendency that explains his attraction to work on ‘mirror neurons’. I argue that Ramachandran’s fascination with and repeated appeal to the mirror can be explained by the way it allowed him to confront a perennial problem in the mind and brain sciences, that of the relationship between a supposedly immaterial mind and a material brain. By producing what Ramachandran called a ‘virtual reality’, relating in varied and complex ways to the material world, the mirror reproduced a form of psycho-physical parallelism and dualistic ontology, while conforming to the materialist norms of neuroscience today.

Of the Artistic Nude and Technological Behaviorism

Nuncius ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Della Rocca
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Short Review ◽  
World War ◽  
Related Field ◽  
Brain Science ◽  
The Core ◽  
Brain Sciences ◽  
Material History ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Brain

Neuromorphic technologies lie at the core of 21st century neuroscience, especially in the “big brain science” projects started in 2013 – i.e. the BRAIN Initiative and the Human Brain Project. While neuromorphism and the “reverse engineering” of the brain are often presented as a “methodological revolution” in the brain sciences, these concepts have a long history which is strongly interconnected with the developments in neuroscience and the related field of bioengineering since the end of World War II. In this paper I provide a short review of the first generation of “neuromorphic devices” created in the 1960s, by focusing on the work of Leon Harmon and his “neuromime,” whose material history overlapped in a very interesting sense with the visual and artistic culture of the second half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Consciousness: The last 50 years (and the next)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 239821281881601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil K. Seth
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Sciences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Global States

The mind and brain sciences began with consciousness as a central concern. But for much of the 20th century, ideological and methodological concerns relegated its empirical study to the margins. Since the 1990s, studying consciousness has regained a legitimacy and momentum befitting its status as the primary feature of our mental lives. Nowadays, consciousness science encompasses a rich interdisciplinary mixture drawing together philosophical, theoretical, computational, experimental, and clinical perspectives, with neuroscience its central discipline. Researchers have learned a great deal about the neural mechanisms underlying global states of consciousness, distinctions between conscious and unconscious perception, and self-consciousness. Further progress will depend on specifying closer explanatory mappings between (first-person subjective) phenomenological descriptions and (third-person objective) descriptions of (embodied and embedded) neuronal mechanisms. Such progress will help reframe our understanding of our place in nature and accelerate clinical approaches to a wide range of psychiatric and neurological disorders.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ARTS EDUCATION IN COMMUNITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1787-1789
Author(s):  
Nirupa S., Dr. Jansirani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Real World ◽  
College Level ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Core ◽  
Moral Qualities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Level Training

The open doors for a cutting edge kid or significantly more seasoned understudies to learn Although there are numerous conclusions about what is the issue here, it is additionally simple to see the numerous impacts of workmanship in individuals' regular daily existence. We could also ask what it is to be a person, as to ask what workmanship is ? Craftsmanship stimulatingly affects us, it stirs the faculties, it invigorates the mind, causes us to feel profound feelings and it makes us think in another manner. Workmanship has its impacts too on enthusiastic life as in the psychological and scholarly upgrade. A further meaning of craftsmanship may prompt an explanation that workmanship is accomplishments, items or exercises with which we attempt to alert others to similar encounters, sentiments and feelings that we have survived ourselves. This is normally done by utilizing the faculties to find the core interest. The faculties and tactile, eidetic or sense insight based encounters are in a vital situation to clarify the substance of craftsmanship. A person is constantly looking for a reaching surface to the real world and fact (so to state genuine world) through his own hands, by contacting and by doing assignments by hand. Workmanship is showing a reality in which the individual lives; it intercedes and supplies human encounters and simultaneously it sees the various parts of being a person. Workmanship and expertise subjects broaden the originations about the encompassing scene simultaneously as they offer good, tasteful and moral qualities through close to home encounters these qualities have diminished during that time at school just as in college level training. These qualities are absent in the perspective of numerous youngsters today, as we effectively can see from papers and other media. Some worldwide similar examination has demonstrated unmistakably that the completion educational system is succeeding astoundingly in instructing data

THE IMPORTANCE OF MANIPULATIVE STRATEGIES IN THE ACTIVITIES OF NEWS AGENCIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Nodira Musayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Information ◽  
The State ◽  
News Agencies ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

It is no secret that one of the features of today's global infomakon is manipulative information, which carries a large part of the General information complex that negatively affects public consciousness, the unity of the individual, society and the state. The main feature of modern journalism is that it completely rejects open propaganda and uses hidden methods of influencing the mind. Many news agencies have moved from direct ideological pressure on the recipient to theuse of hidden mechanisms of thought formation.

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