Explanation and Integration in Mind and Brain Science

The Relationship ◽

Primary Strategy

While it has long been a topic of discussion among philosophers and scientists alike, there is growing appreciation that understanding the complex relationship between neuroscience and psychological science is of fundamental importance to achieving progress across these scientific domains. Is the relationship between them one of complete independence or autonomy—like two great ships passing in the night? Or is the relationship one of total dependence—where one is entirely subordinate to the other? Or perhaps the correct picture is one of mutually beneficial interaction and integration—lying somewhere in the middle of these two extremes? We argue that one primary strategy for addressing this issue centers around understanding the nature of explanation in these different domains. By deepening our understanding of the similarities and differences between the explanatory patterns employed across these scientific domains, the contributed chapters in this volume shed valuable light on the relationship between neuroscience and psychology.

Integrating Mind and Brain Science

10.1093/oso/9780199685509.003.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

David M. Kaplan

Keyword(s):

Complex Relationship ◽

Brain Science ◽

The Core ◽

Psychological Science ◽

Brain Sciences ◽

Mind And Brain ◽

The Individual ◽

The Mind ◽

Primary Strategy

There is growing appreciation that understanding the complex relationship between neuroscience and psychological science is of fundamental importance to achieving progress across these scientific domains. One primary strategy for addressing this issue centers around understanding the nature of explanation in these different domains. This chapter provides a field guide to some of the core topics that have shaped and continue to influence the debate about explanation and integration across the mind and brain sciences. In addition to surveying the overall intellectual terrain, it also introduces the main proposals defended in the individual chapters included in the volume and highlights important similarities and differences between them.

Communication in the Sciences as Seen through Physics and Chemistry: A Look at the Complex Relationship between Author, Publisher, and Distributor as They Relate to the Reader

College & Research Libraries ◽

10.5860/crl.66.2.98 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 98-114

Author(s):

William W. Armstrong

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Complex Relationship ◽

Electronic Communications ◽

New Era ◽

Potential Problems ◽

Virtual Realities ◽

Primary Means ◽

Written Word ◽

Near Future ◽

Writing has long been the primary means of communicating in the sciences, yet the nature of the written word is rapidly changing as we enter a new era of electronic communications and virtual realities. This article examines some of these changes, particularly as they pertain to the disciplines of chemistry and physics and, most important, within the scope of the complex relationship between authors, publishers, and distributors (distributors in this case being academic libraries). This examination involves looking at changes within this triumvirate, the relationship each of the three has with the other, and ramifications of the changes as we peer into the near future. The three members of the triumvirate are intricately and inextricably bound together, and problems that occur within any one component will inevitably affect the others, imperiling the relationship between writer and reader. Such potential problems are brought to light in this article.

A narrative hermeneutical adventure: Seafarers and their complex relationship with their families

HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies ◽

10.4102/hts.v68i2.1171 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Chris J. Viljoen ◽

Julian C. Müller

Keyword(s):

Career Choice ◽

Social Constructionism ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

The Other ◽

Narrative Approach ◽

Complex Relationship ◽

Main Character ◽

Her Family ◽

Story Writing ◽

This research project is an attempt to develop a rich understanding about the relationship between seafarers and their families by means of a conversational construction between a number of co-researchers. In order to do this, the question that is explored is: How can there be a better understanding of the lives, the circumstances and the problems that seafarers are experiencing in the relationship with their families? The answer put forward in this research is that this can be accomplished through a narrative approach guided by the ABDCE formula which applies the metaphor of story writing to research. The research was motivated by pastoral and missionary concerns. The epistemologies that informed this research were social constructionism, the narrative approach and postfoundationalism with its emphasis on the interdisciplinary approach. In this article the main character for this research was a seafarer called John1 from Nigeria who was brought into conversation with a number of other co- researchers. The understanding that was developed found that the career choice of seafarers creates problems in their relationship with their family because they become in a sense strangers and outsiders to their loved ones. On the other hand seafarers are empowered, many times through their faith, to handle the challenges of their career, in addition to which this profession offers opportunities that would otherwise not have been possible. The relationship between a seafarer and his or her family was described as a complex one and thin, superficial and stereotypical conclusions were hopefully in the process deconstructed.

Postmodern Anti-Enlightenment Positions

The Enlightenment ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691175768.003.0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Vincenzo Ferrone

Keyword(s):

Martin Heidegger ◽

A Priori ◽

The Other ◽

Complex Relationship ◽

Final Phase ◽

Ernst Cassirer ◽

Epistemological Foundation ◽

The Enlightenment ◽

Other Hand ◽

This chapter examines the debate between Ernst Cassirer and Martin Heidegger over the question “What is man?”—and thus, indirectly, the authentic meaning of Immanuel Kant's philosophy—and relates it to Pope Benedict XVI's views on the complex relationship between Christianity and Enlightenment culture. What was at stake in the Cassirer–Heidegger debate was the very existence of the Enlightenment and the legitimacy of its epistemological foundation. Cassirer accepted the need to redefine the relationship between the a priori and experience, in view of an idealistic conception of Kantian transcendentalism that was both more complex and problematic. His position remained firmly within the universalistic tradition of Enlightenment humanism. Heidegger, on the other hand, saw the Enlightenment as the final phase of the vilified trajectory of Western metaphysics that had resulted in the enthronement of man. The chapter also considers the Catholic Church's anti-Enlightenment positions.

Deliberative and Participatory Democracy

The Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198747369.013.5 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 186-202

Author(s):

Stephen Elstub

Keyword(s):

Deliberative Democracy ◽

Participatory Democracy ◽

The Other ◽

Collective Decisions ◽

Insufficient Reason ◽

This chapter explores the relationship between participatory and deliberative democracy; analysing their similarities and differences, compatibilities and tensions, to ascertain whether they should, and can, be pursued in tandem. The case is made that the normative and explanatory potential of each approach is diminished without the presence of the other in these conceptions so it is desirable and coherent to pursue a ‘participatory deliberative democracy’ in which citizens participate in making collective decisions through deliberation. There are certainly challenges in combining them, but the inconclusive evidence on their compatibility provides insufficient reason not to try given the legitimacy benefits that could be accrued if successful. Indeed, it is concluded that many citizens would welcome more opportunities to participate in, meaningful and consequential, deliberation.

Toward Integrating Psyche and Soma: Psychoanalysis and Neurobiology

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674378102600105 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 15-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John Flannery ◽

Graeme Taylor

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Cortical Function ◽

The Past ◽

Psychoanalytic Concept ◽

Mind And Brain ◽

Neurobiological Research ◽

Concept Building ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain ◽

Cross Fertilization

The brain is the “key organ” for understanding mind/body/illness relationships. During the past two decades neurobiological research has generated a plethora of new data and concepts which have increased tremendously our knowledge of the functioning brain. As a result the psychoanalytic view of the relationship between mind and brain may seem at risk of becoming outmoded. Yet while psychoanalytic theory may no longer be wholly tenable, psychoanalysis continues to offer interesting and heuristically valuable isomorphic models of cortical function. On the other hand neurobiology provides a corrective influence on psychoanalytic concept-building, causing theory to be refined as it is tested against the results of research. One possible result of interdisciplinary cross-fertilization is that a revised theory of the function of dreams and fantasy may throw light on the vicissitudes of somatic experience, and the pathogenesis of psychophysiological disorder.

Some reflections on the relationship between ‘gesture’ and ‘sign’

Gesture ◽

10.1075/gest.8.3.05ken ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 348-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Adam Kendon

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

The Other ◽

Sign Languages ◽

Structural Linguistics ◽

The One ◽

Psychological View ◽

The Relationship ◽

Historical Origins ◽

As If

In recent discussions there has been a tendency to refer to ‘gesture’ and ‘sign’ as if these are distinct categories, sometimes even as if they are in opposition to one another. Here I trace the historical origins of this distinction. I suggest that it is a product of the application to the analysis of sign languages of a formalist model of language derived from structural linguistics, on the one hand, and, on the other, of a cognitive-psychological view of ‘gesture’ that emerged in the latter half of the twentieth century. I suggest that this division between ‘gesture’ and ‘sign’ tends to exaggerate differences and obscure areas of overlap. It should be replaced by a comparative semiotics of the utterance uses of visible bodily action. This will be better able to articulate the similarities and differences between how kinesics is used, according to whether and how it is employed in relation to other communicative modalities such as speech.

“Recapturing” the “Other”: Jewish Laws of War and International Law

Journal of Law and Religion ◽

10.1017/s0748081400000230 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 47-65

Author(s):

Betina Kuzmarov

Keyword(s):

International Law ◽

Direct Consequence ◽

Point Of View ◽

The Other ◽

Jewish Law ◽

Complex Relationship ◽

Laws Of War ◽

History Of ◽

History Of International Law ◽

The story would recapture the trace of Judaism, particularly the mystical Jew, in the early literature of international law—I think most readily of Gentilis' obsession with Judaism—a Judaism that seems at once the law that revelation and redemption replace and the mysticism that law and state refuse. Paradoxically enough, we find here our own complex relationship between law and religion exactly mirrored in the relationship between Christianity and Judaism.This article examines the relationship between the Jewish laws of war and international law. As Kennedy notes in the opening quote, one way of understanding the relationship between Jewish laws of war and international law is as part of the relationship between international law and its “other.” Kennedy defines Jewish law as mystical, and in so doing he asserts that Jewish law is different in form than state law/international law. Kennedy's opposition of Jewish law and international law is not accidental. It is a direct consequence of the history of international law. As Mutua has noted “[i]nternational law claims to be universal, although its creators have unambiguously asserted its European and Christian origins.” From this point of view, international law has “universalized” its particular origins with the consequence that any non-European or non-Christian tradition is not universal and is the “other.” This fact leads Kennedy to argue that international law has ignored (among many other things) the traces of religion, mysticism and Judaism in its history in its quest to claim secular universality.

Identité queer : Absence et négation de soi dans Folle de Nelly Arcan

Anales de Filología Francesa ◽

10.6018/analesff.381431 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 35-52

Author(s):

Nadia Bouhadid

Keyword(s):

Analytical Method ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

The Body ◽

The Other ◽

Complex Relationship ◽

Queer Identity ◽

Time Space ◽

Intimate Life ◽

Folle por la escritora canadiense Nelly Arcan es el espacio de un intento de auto reconstrucción a través de la exposición de un antagonismo de identidad generado por una relación compleja mantenida con el Otro. La exploración de la vida íntima se expresa entonces como un proceso de reconocimiento y abnegación; El tiempo, el espacio y el cuerpo se racionalizan mediante un discurso muy estereotipado. Nuestro estudio pretende explicar la relación entre esta auto-reconstrucción dentro de un antagonismo de identidad y la escritura autoficcional, en particular gracias al concepto de identidad queer. Nuestro enfoque se basará en un método descriptivo y analítico que forma parte de un enfoque interdisciplinario que se basa principalmente en la filosofía, el psicoanálisis y los estudios sobre el tema de la identidad y la interculturalidad. Folle of the Canadian writer Nelly Arcan is the space of an attempt at self-reconstruction through an exposure of an identity antagonism generated by a complex relationship maintained with the Other. The exploration of the intimate life is then expressed as a process of recognition and self-denial; time, space and the body are then rationalized by a very stereotyped speech. Our study aims to explain the relationship between this self-reconstruction within an identity antagonism and autofictional writing, notably thanks to the concept of queer identity. Our approach will be based on a descriptive and analytical method which is part of an interdisciplinary approach drawing mainly on philosophy, psychoanalysis and studies on the issue of identity and interculturality. Folle de l’écrivaine canadienne Nelly Arcan est l’espace d’une tentative de reconstruction de soi au travers d’une mise à nu d’un antagonisme identitaire généré par un rapport complexe entretenu avec l’Autre. L’exploration de la vie intime est alors exprimée comme un processus de reconnaissance et de reniement de soi ; le temps, l’espace et le corps sont alors rationalisés par un discours très stéréotypé. Notre étude vise à expliquer le rapport entre cette reconstruction de soi au sein d’un antagonisme identitaire et l’écriture autofictionnelle, notamment grâce au concept de l’identité queer. Notre démarche sera basée sur une méthode descriptive et analytique qui s’inscrit au sein d’une approche interdisciplinaire puisant essentiellement dans la philosophie, la psychanalyse et les études portant sur la problématique identitaire et interculturelle.

ANALISIS KONTRASTIF PANDANGAN MAHASISWA PENUTUR BAHASA INDONESIA DAN MAHASISWA PENUTUR BAHASA JEPANG TERHADAP PRIVASI DALAM KOMUNIKASI: SEBUAH TINJAUAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK

JAPANEDU Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang ◽

10.17509/japanedu.v2i1.6789 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Sonda Sanjaya ◽

Yuriko Ando

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Native Language ◽

The Other ◽

Contrastive Analysis ◽

Japanese Students ◽

The Relationship ◽

Opening Up ◽

Bahasa Indonesia

Perbedaan pandangan di antara mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia dan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang terhadap privasi dalam komunikasi memungkinkan menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan dalam proses berkomunikasi dan mengundang kesalahpahaman. Guna mengurangi gangguan komunikasi dan kesalahpamahan, maka kajian penelitian mengenai privasi dalam komunikasi sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini mengkaji persamaan dan perbedaan ranah privasi mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia dan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang, siapa saja yang boleh dan tidak boleh mengetahui privasi penutur, dan bagaimana respons penutur terhadap mitra tutur yang membahas topik pembicaraan yang berkaitan dengan privasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik survey dengan mendistribusi kuesioner kepada 127 responden di Indonesia dan 107 responden di Jepang. Responden di Indonesia adalah mahasiswa penutur asli bahasa Indonesia dan responden di Jepang adalah mahasiswa mahasiswa penutur asli bahasa Jepang di Jepang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia lebih terbuka terhadap privasi dibandingkan dengan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang. Kemudian, mahasiswa penutur bahasa Jepang membicarakan privasi terhadap mitra tutur sembari mempertimbangkan apakah penutur dan mitra tutur memiliki hubungan kepercayaan atau tidak. Sedangkan mahasiswa penutur bahasa Indonesia memutuskan akan membicarakan hal yang berkaitan dengan privasi atau tidak dengan mitra tutur setelah memastikan apakah ada hubungan kepercayaan atau tidak. The different perspectives on privacy between college students who speak Indonesian and those who speak Japanese as their native language may create some misunderstandings when they interact with each other. To avoid such misunderstandings, more studies on privacy in communication are needed. Meanwhile studies on the field are still scarce. Therefore, to fill the gap, this study aims at finding out the similarities and differences on topics that are considered as privacy by students who speak Indonesian language and Japanese language. Additionally, this study also revealed to which interlocutors they may be comfortable to open up talking about topics considered as their privacy and how they respond towards interlocutors who bring up such topics. To collect the data, a questionnaire on privacy was distributed to 127 participants in Indonesia and 107 participants in Japan. Respondents from both countries were college students who were native speakers of the language spoken in their countries, Japan and Indonesia. The data collected then were analyzed by employing contrastive analysis. The study indicated that Indonesian students were more open in comparison to Japanese students as indicated by the breadth of their preferred conversation topics with strangers. Additionally, when opening up to topics considered as private topics, Japanese students were simultaneously evaluating whether they had trusted relationship with the interlocutors throughout the interaction. On the other hand, instead of simultaneously evaluating the relationship, Indonesian students tended to decide whether they had the trusted relationship first before they proceeded to opening up about their privacy with their interlocutors.