Tools for Music Theory Concepts

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J Manzo
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Main Menu ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Logical Sense ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Analysis Mode ◽  
The Way

In this chapter, we will design some tools to aid in the discussions of concepts related to music theory. In particular, we will discuss chord progressions, scale analysis, chord analysis, mode relationships, harmonic direction of chords, and harmonization. By the end of this chapter, you will have an arsenal of tools for explaining theoretical concepts of music. Sometimes, theoretical concepts in music can be difficult to grapple with, even for professional musicians. As we discuss some different ways to address these concepts through soft ware, try to think of demonstrating the theory concept as the goal, and the Max part of it as the means of reaching the goal. This will help you to program with the goal in mind and will help the way we reach that goal, through Max, to make more logical sense. Begin with the goal in mind! Let’s quickly build a patch that allows us to play back chords. As you’ll recall, we used a patch like this in the Chapter 7: Example 2 in the EAMIR SDK. Let’s open that patch. You may also build a chord patch from scratch if you prefer. 1. Click on Extras>EAMIR from the top menu to view the main menu of the EAMIR SDK 2. In the umenu labeled Examples, click the second item 2. EAMIR _Chord_Basics.maxpat 3. Click File>Save As and save the file as chord_progressions. maxpat Suppose you wanted to discuss the chord progressions used in your favorite popular music song. Let’s pretend that the chord progression is 1, 5, 6, 4 (I V vi IV) in the key of C Major (C, G, A minor, F). We can allow the user to play through each chord in the progression by entering these chords into a coll.

scholarly journals Same As It Ever Was? Musicology Continues to Wrestle with Rock

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Fast
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Music Theory ◽  
Music Analysis ◽  
The West ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Popular Music Studies ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Popular Music Analysis

Popular music studies is approached from a number of disciplinary perspectives. Most recently, musicologists and music theorists have become interested in the analysis of popular music. This has sparked heated debates both within musicology and music theory, and outside it from sociologists and other cultural critics. The author traces some of that debate and argues for a popular music analysis that takes social meanings into account, using language that does not alienate those who are not professional musicians. It is argued that this is of paramount importance, since popular music is one of the most important means through which many people in the West shape their worlds.

Standing up to the Demos

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Erskine
Keyword(s):  
Athenian Democracy ◽  
Parallel Lives ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight ◽  
The Way

Plutarch wrote twenty-three Greek Lives in his series of Parallel Lives—of these, ten were devoted to Athenians. Since Plutarch shared the hostile view of democracy of Polybius and other Hellenistic Greeks, this Athenian preponderance could have been a problem for him. But Plutarch uses these men’s handling of the democracy and especially the demos as a way of gaining insight into the character and capability of his protagonists. This chapter reviews Plutarch’s attitude to Athenian democracy and examines the way a statesman’s character is illuminated by his interaction with the demos. It also considers what it was about Phocion that so appealed to Plutarch, first by looking at his relationship with the democracy and then at the way he evokes the memory of Socrates. For him this was not a minor figure, but a man whose life was representative of the problems of Athenian democracy.

scholarly journals Civil Religion or Nationalism? The National Day Celebrations in Norway

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Pål Ketil Botvar
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
General Population ◽  
Civil Religion ◽  
Religious Nationalism ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Way

The Norwegian National Day (17 May, also referred to as Constitution Day) stands out as one of the most popular National Day celebrations in Europe. According to surveys, around seven out of every 10 Norwegians take part in a public celebration during this day. This means that the National Day potentially has an impact on the way people reflect upon national identity and its relationship to the Lutheran heritage. In this paper, I will focus on the role religion plays in the Norwegian National Day rituals. Researchers have described these rituals as both containing a significant religious element and being rather secularized. In this article, I discuss the extent to which the theoretical concepts civil religion and religious nationalism can help us understand the role of religion, or the absence of religion, in these rituals. Based on surveys of the general population, I analyze both indicators of civil religion and religious nationalism. The two phenomena are compared by looking at their relation to such items as patriotism, chauvinism, and xenophobia. The results show that civil religion explains participation in the National Day rituals better than religious nationalism.

scholarly journals The Problem of Coordination and the Pursuit of Structural Constraints in Psychology

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162097477
Author(s):  
David Kellen ◽  
Clintin P. Davis-Stober ◽  
John C. Dunn ◽  
Michael L. Kalish
Keyword(s):  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Theoretical Progress ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Empirical Means ◽  
The Way

Paul Meehl’s famous critique detailed many of the problematic practices and conceptual confusions that stand in the way of meaningful theoretical progress in psychological science. By integrating many of Meehl’s points, we argue that one of the reasons for the slow progress in psychology is the failure to acknowledge the problem of coordination. This problem arises whenever we attempt to measure quantities that are not directly observable but can be inferred from observable variables. The solution to this problem is far from trivial, as demonstrated by a historical analysis of thermometry. The key challenge is the specification of a functional relationship between theoretical concepts and observations. As we demonstrate, empirical means alone cannot determine this relationship. In the case of psychology, the problem of coordination has dramatic implications in the sense that it severely constrains our ability to make meaningful theoretical claims. We discuss several examples and outline some of the solutions that are currently available.

scholarly journals Fellow Traveller Versus Moral Stranger: How Overall Views of Offenders Impact on Punishment and Rehabilitation Decisions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephanie Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Fellow Traveller ◽  
The Media ◽  
Empirical Context ◽  
Objective View ◽  
Moral Stranger ◽  
The Way

<p>Theoretical discussions have proposed that opinions relating to offenders can be viewed along a continuum, with the moral stranger at one end and the fellow traveller at the other (Connolly & Ward, 2008). At the very basic level the moral stranger is the offender who is a bad person, while the fellow traveller is the offender who has done a bad thing. It is proposed that where an individual’s view of offenders sits on the continuum will help determine punishment and rehabilitation decisions that they make about offenders. It is further proposed that these views are influenced by outside factors such as the way that the media portrays offenders. The media is an important source of information on crime and offenders (Gilliam & Iyengar, 2000; Klite, Bardwell, & Salzman, 1997), and so the way that the media write about offenders can influence the public’s opinions about offenders. The moral stranger and the fellow traveller are theoretical concepts at present, so the aim of the current research was to investigate these concepts in an empirical context. Firstly, Studies 1 and 2 presented crime vignettes written from either the moral stranger perspective or the fellow traveller perspective and then investigated what punishment and rehabilitation differences there were. Study 3 then developed a measure to evaluate individuals’ opinions about offenders, to create an empirical basis for the existing theory. The Opinions about Criminal Offenders (OCO) Scale was developed in Study 3. Study 4 then tested the psychometric properties of this Scale, and through further factor analysis the scale was pared down to 12-items made up of four subscales. Study 5 then brought together the empirical work from Studies 1 and 2 and the developed measure from Studies 3 and 4. Participants were presented with two vignettes, one written from a subjective view and the other from an objective view. They were also given the 12-item OCO Scale. Structural Equation Modelling was then used to extend the work of Studies 1 and 2, and to further develop the decision making process individuals go through. Results indicated that each subscale of the OCO predicted different judgements made about the offender, in terms of his characteristics and likelihood of reoffending, and that these judgements then predicted different judgements about the outcome of the offence, including punishment motive. These studies, together, show that the moral stranger and fellow traveller concepts do exist, as a continuum, and the development of the OCO Scale showed that there is utility in the scale in terms of the type of judgements made about an offender and an offence. The current study was conducted with a sex offence in the vignettes and so further research needs to extend this by using different offence types and different offender characteristics, to investigate how generalisable these findings are.</p>

scholarly journals The Problem of Coordination and the Pursuit of Structural Constraints in Psychology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kellen ◽  
Clintin Davis-Stober ◽  
John C Dunn ◽  
Michael Kalish
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Available P ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Theoretical Progress ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Empirical Means ◽  
The Way

Paul Meehl’s famous critique laid out in detail many of the pathological practices and conceptual confusions that stand in the way of meaningful theoretical progress inpsychological science. Integrating some of Meehl’s points, we argue that one of the reasons for the slow progress in psychology is the failure to acknowledge the problem of coordination. This problem arises whenever we attempt to measure quantities that are not directly observable, but can be inferred from observable variables. The solution to this problem is far from trivial, as demonstrated by a historical analysis of thermometry. Also, it is not a problem that can be solved by empirical means. At its center is the need for a clear understanding of the functional relations between theoretical concepts and observations. In the case of psychology, the problem of coordination has dramatic implications in the sense that it severely limits our ability to make meaningful theoretical claims. We discuss several examples and lay out some of the solutions that are currently available.

scholarly journals Long-Term Trends in News Content

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Humprecht ◽  
Linards Udris
Keyword(s):  
International Comparisons ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
News Content ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Way

The way news is produced and consumed has changed dramatically during the first two decades of the 21st century due to digitalization and economic pressures. In a globalized world, current events are reported in almost real time in various countries and are diffused rapidly via social media. Thus much scholarly attention is devoted to determining whether these developments have changed news content. Comparative research in the area of journalism focuses on whether news content across countries converges over time and to what degree national differences persist across countries. When studying the research on long-term trends in news content, three main observations can be made. First, theoretical assumptions are often rooted in different models of democracies, but they are rarely explicitly discussed. Second, many studies focus on the organizational level using theoretical concepts related to increased market orientation of news outlets, such as personalization, emotionalization, or scandalization. Furthermore, commercialization is associated with the effects of digitalization and globalization, namely, decreased advertising revenues and increased competition. A commonly expressed fear is that these changes have consequences for democracy and informed citizenship. Third, in recent years, there has been a steady increase of studies employing international comparisons as well as a growing standardization for measurements. These developments lead to more multicountry studies based on large samples but come at the expense of more fine-grained analysis of the way news content changes over time. Finally, the vast majority of cross-national and single-country studies focus on Western democracies. Thus our knowledge about recent changes in news content is limited to a small set of countries. Overall, many studies provide evidence for constant changes of news content driven by social, political, and economic developments. However, different media systems exhibit a sustained resilience toward transnational pressures reflected in a persistence of national differences in news content over time.

scholarly journals TEXT OF POLICY IN THE BACKGROUND OF CIVILIZATIONAL CONTEXTS AND SUBTEXTS AS A MISSING ELEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Zoreslav Samchuk
Keyword(s):  
Careful Selection ◽  
Educational Discourse ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
The Future ◽  
Institutional Status ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Missing Element ◽  
Minor Episode ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

Politics feels the steady influence of the civilization factor first of all and mainly because for various reasons the way of its existence prevents the careful selection of optimal articulation, argumentation and rhetorical approaches; instead of this, the civilization factor works not so much within the limits of specific and historical priorities, as in a much longer retrospective and perspective. Unlike politics, for civilization modernity is a minor episode, which becomes meaningful only in the context of some historical continuity and prospects for the future. At the expense of the closest possible association links with the civilization factor, politics tries to legitimize and raise its institutional status and ensure a respectable image. It tries to prove that it also works on the principles of historical continuity, and her argumentatively vulnerable memoranda are not without prospects for the future.

Bottled Bands: Automatic Music and American Media Publics

2017 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Lisa Gitelman
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Fin De Siecle ◽  
Private Ownership ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Recorded Sound ◽  
The Uncanny ◽  
Money Economy ◽  
American Media ◽  
The Way

Although mostly forgotten today, nickel-in-the-slot phonographs were a popular and telling symptom of acoustic modernity around 1890. At the rate of a minute or two of recorded sound per nickel deposited, these machines paved the way for the widespread private ownership of phonographs by pioneering their use a public venue where the uncanny experience of listening to absent voices was standardized by the logics of exchange and exhibition. The sound of money falling into the slots was answered automatically by the siren’s call of a voice with no speaker, calling for more money to be deposited. Because they flickered briefly at a conjunction of publics and markets, automatic phonographs provide a way to parse some of the conflicts attending the money economy during the 1890s, that crucial decade in the establishment of modernity as a technological way of life. Canning popular music, and privatizing its audition in serial acts of consumption, these devices were instrumental in the progressive abstraction of public space. Considering both the design and contexts of use of the devices helps to illuminate the conflicted subjectivities of markets and publics in the fin de siècle.

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