Peaceful Change in English School Theory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Navari
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Power Management ◽  
International Society ◽  
Great Power ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
English School ◽  
Security Community ◽  
The Third ◽  
Structural Determinant ◽  
Structural Conflict

The English School has made three contributions to the science of peaceful change: the inevitable conflict of order and justice; the necessity of Great Power management of peaceful change; and regional orders as the locus of peaceful change. The first refers to a structural conflict between state sovereignty and human rights and also serves as the parameters of a discourse on ethical possibilities among sovereign states. The second—the requirement of Great Power management—is both an observation on the course of history and a structural determinant, arising from the gross inequalities among states. The third—the notion that regional international societies can be peacemakers—is not unique to the English School. Its contribution is that any region can be a form of international society with its own distinctive rules and adjudicative procedures, and that accordingly, any region is potentially able to become a “security community.”

scholarly journals Anarchy in International Relations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silviya Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Society ◽  
English School ◽  
Ir Theory ◽  
Interaction Domain ◽  
Alternative Discourse ◽  
The Third ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
International Anarchy

The concept of anarchy is seen as the cardinal organizing category of the discipline of International Relations (IR), which differentiates it from cognate disciplines such as Political Science or Political Philosophy. This article provides an analytical review of the scholarly literature on anarchy in IR, on two levels—conceptual and theoretical. First, it distinguishes three senses of the concept of anarchy: (1) lack of a common superior in an interaction domain; (2) chaos or disorder; and (3) horizontal relation between nominally equal entities, sovereign states. The first and the third senses of “anarchy”’ are central to IR. Second, it considers three broad families of IR theory where anarchy figures as a focal assumption—(1) realism and neorealism, (2) English School theory (international society approach), and (3) Kant’s republican peace. Despite normative and conceptual differences otherwise, all three bodies of theory are ultimately based on Hobbes’s argument for a “state of nature.” The article concludes with a summary of the key challenges to the discourse of international anarchy posed by the methodology of economics and economics-based theories that favor the alternative discourse of global hierarchy.

Technocratic manager, imperial agent, or diplomatic champion? The IMF in the anarchical society

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN BRÜTSCH
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Great Power ◽  
English School ◽  
The World ◽  
International Credit ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractEven before the global financial crisis restored the International Monetary Fund's (‘IMF’ or ‘Fund’) political fortunes, the ‘monetary managers’ regained ground in supposedly hostile parts of the world, most notably in sub-Saharan Africa. To shed light on the Fund's appeal to governments that do not need its leverage to put dithering cabinets, unruly coalition partners, or restive opposition forces in line, this article examines the interplay between intergovernmental organisations (IGO) and the ‘master institutions’ of the anarchical society. It builds on classic English School inquiries into the ‘words and deeds’ of agents that define, maintain, and transform international societies; tracks collective efforts to harness international credit and debt; and probes bureaucratic obstinacy and great power management in the Fund's conduct in three member states that differ in terms of their borrowing habits, funding options, and creditor relations. It concludes that, in contrast to its reputation as a technocratic manager of cooperation or an imperial agent of contestation, the IMF's appeal lies in its willingness to act as a diplomatic champion of coexistence.

scholarly journals Serbia's uncertainties in Kosmet

2002 ◽  
pp. 167-194
Author(s):  
Miodrag Rankovic
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Entire Period ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Immigrants ◽  
Complete Failure

The paper consists of four sections: the situation immediately after the end of the NATO bombardment, Euro-American restructuring, main coordinates of state sovereignty and the results achieved so far within the so-called negotiating policy in Kosmet. The paper discusses the dilemma about the final outcome of the 1999 war, about the arrival of NATO to Kosmet, when the state of "the controlled chaos" really began. Serbia was left with the victims (2.500 dead) and material destruction (estimated damage of 12 to over 100 billion dollars) rapid impoverishment (over 600 thousand jobless) and over 300 thousand expelled. The first "external coordinate" of the Serbian statehood in Kosmet (reliance on the Russian-Chinese-Indian alliance) completely disappointed mostly because of further decrease in the Russian initiative in the Balkans the second "coordinate", support of the international public and left-wing groupations (illustrative example) was not enough to restrain American expansionism, while the third one, the achievement of national consensus about Kosmet was a complete failure - the Serbs remained divided both in Serbia and in Kosmet. Thus the entire period after the change of power in Serbia has been marked by yielding and concessions (Kouchner's institutional restructuring Haekkerup's "institutional framework", Steiner's decrees). There followed a planned "demographic cleansing" (influx of new immigrants from Albania, almost 200 thousand), further destruction of the monuments of Serbian spirituality false demilitarization ("the Kosovo Protection Corps"), installment of NATO bases, cleansing of non-Albanian settlements (over 40 thousand houses and about 300 schools burnt), continuation of terrorist activities, "underground economy" etc. Serbia now shares sovereignty with KFOR and with the organs of authority of the prevailing Albanians, all within the realm of "human rights" "multiethnic Kosovo" and Islamic-Turkish lobby.

Community of common destiny: China’s “new assertiveness” and the changing Asian order

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen N. Smith
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Society ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Great Power ◽  
English School ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
The West ◽  
Normative Basis ◽  
Common Destiny ◽  
Modes Of Governance

This essay will discuss China’s re-emergence as a great power through the lens of the English School. Following Ian Clark, I reconceptualize international society as a set of historically changing principles of legitimacy. I argue that China’s “new assertiveness” under Xi Jinping is best explained by China’s pursuit of legitimacy in an international arena where norms of legitimate modes of governance, development, and ordering principles have long been defined by the West. Furthermore, this essay will examine one recent development in Chinese International Relations theory, gongsheng, which purports to offer an alternative normative basis for interstate order, and probe its relationship to Xi Jinping’s recent declaration to build a “community of common destiny” in Asia.

6. The English School

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Society ◽  
North American ◽  
Social Order ◽  
International System ◽  
World Society ◽  
English School ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
The Social

This chapter examines the main assumptions of the English school, the principal alternative to mainstream North American theorizations of International Relations. It first provides an overview of what the English school is and how it emerged before discussing its methodology as well as its master-concept of international society. It then considers three concepts that are the primary theoretical contribution of the English school: the social order established by states and embodied in the activities of practitioners must be understood alongside the dynamics of the international system and world society. The chapter proceeds by exploring the English school's position on issue of human rights and its implications for justice in international relations.

6. The English School

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-128
Author(s):  
Tim Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Society ◽  
North American ◽  
Social Order ◽  
International System ◽  
World Society ◽  
English School ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
The Social

This chapter examines the main assumptions of the English school, the principal alternative to mainstream North American theorizations of International Relations. It first provides an overview of what the English school is and how it emerged before discussing its methodology as well as its master-concept of international society. It then considers three concepts that are the primary theoretical contribution of the English school: the social order established by states and embodied in the activities of practitioners must be understood alongside the dynamics of the international system and world society. The chapter proceeds by exploring the English school’s position on the issue of human rights and its implications for justice in international relations.

Great power management and ambiguous order in nineteenth-century international society

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Zala
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Power Management ◽  
International Society ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Great Power ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
The Social

AbstractThis article considers what the nineteenth century can tell us about the nature of great power management under conditions of ambiguity in relation to the holders of great power status. It charts the development of an institutionalised role for the great powers as managers of international society but with a specific focus on the mutual recognition, and conferral, of status. Such a focus highlights the changing, and sometimes competing, perceptions of not only which states should be thought of as great powers, but also therefore whether the power structure of international society remained multipolar or shifted towards bipolarity or even unipolarity. The article argues that a ‘golden age’ of great power management existed during a period in which perceptions of great power status were in fact more fluid than the standard literature accounts for. This means that predictions surrounding the imminent demise of the social institution of great power management under an increasingly ambiguous interstate order today may well be misplaced.

scholarly journals A (r)evolução do conceito de soberania estatal e a efetividade do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Menengoti Ribeiro ◽  
Simone Fogliatto Flores
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Society ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Face

RESUMOO presente artigo investiga a (r)evolução do conceito de soberania estatal em face da supremacia do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana nas relações internacionais. Enfoca a relativização que a soberania dos Estados Nacionais vem sofrendo ante o caráter prioritário atualmente conferido ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa nas relações internacionais. A mundialização da justiça exige uma reestruturação da sociedade internacional que, na luta pela preservação dos direitos humanos, põe em xeque a manutenção da rigidez do Direito que os Estados possuem de se autodeterminar e de não sofrer intervenção de outros Estados ou organizações internacionais. O atual cenário internacional, com prioridade na defesa dos direitos humanos, não mais admite violações ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa, assistidas passivamente pela sociedade internacional. A origem e a (r)evolução histórica do conceito de soberania, assim como o fortalecimento do princípio da dignidade humana instigam a presente pesquisa. Assim, diante deste cenário mundial, exsurge o problema a ser debatido no artigo. O trabalho adota o método de abordagem dedutivo, e as pesquisas bibliográfica e documental como método de procedimento.PALAVRAS-CHAVEDireitos Humanos. Soberania. Dignidade Humana. Efetividade. ABSTRACTThis article investigates the (r)evolution of the concept of state sovereignty in the face of the supremacy of the principle of the dignity of the human in international relations. It focuses on the relativization that the sovereignty of the National States has suffered in the face of the priority given to the principle of the dignity of the human person in international relations. The globalization of justice requires a restructuring of the international society which, in the struggle for the preservation of human rights, puts in check the maintenance of the rigidity of the law that the states have of self-determination and of not being subject to intervention of other States or international organizations. The current international scenario, with priority in the defense of human rights, no longer admits violations of the principle of the dignity of the human being, passively assisted by international society. The origin and historical (r)evolution of the concept of sovereignty, as well as the fortification of the principle of human dignity instigate the present research. Thus, in light of this world scenario, the problem to be debated in the article excludes. The work adopts the method of deductive approach, and bibliographical and documentary research as method of procedure.KEYWORDSHuman Rights. Sovereignty. Human Dignity. Effectiveness.

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