Research on Neighborhoods in European Cities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieven J. R. Pauwels ◽  
Gerben J.N. Bruinsma ◽  
Frank M. Weerman ◽  
Wim Hardyns ◽  
Wim Bernasco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Neighborhood Studies

This chapter provides an overview of European neighborhood studies of crime, victimization, and delinquency that were explicitly guided or inspired by social disorganization theory. Although the origin of social disorganization theory lies in the United States with a long-lasting tradition in urban research, considerable attention has also been given to this perspective in Europe, as well as in other parts of the world. In Europe, a long research tradition of studies on the effects of city or neighborhood characteristics on crime-related outcomes existed before the social disorganization perspective emerged in the United States. Recently, several studies have been conducted in European cities that report findings that differ from those usually found in an American context. Therefore, knowledge about these European studies is paramount for our insights on the role of the neighborhood in crime and criminal behavior.

Individual- and School-level Predictors of Latent Profiles of Bullying Victimization: Comparing South Korea and the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199795
Author(s):  
Yoonsun Han ◽  
Shinhye Lee ◽  
Eunah Cho ◽  
Juyoung Song ◽  
Jun Sung Hong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Level ◽  
Social Disorganization Theory ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Latent Profiles

This cross-national research investigated nationally representative adolescents from South Korea and the United States, explored similarities and differences in latent profiles of bullying victimization between countries, and examined individual- and school-level variables that predict such latent profiles supported by the Social Disorganization Theory. The fourth-grade sample of the 2015 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study from South Korea ( N = 4,669) and the United States ( N = 10,029) was used to conduct a latent profile analysis based on eight items of the bullying victimization questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted using latent profiles as dependent variables. Independent variables include individual-level (material goods, school absence, academic interest, school belonging) and school-level (concentration of affluent families, school resources, the severity of delinquency, academic commitment) factors. More similarities existed than differences in the latent groups of bullying victimization between South Korea ( rare, low-moderate, verbal-relational-physical, and multi-risk) and the United States ( rare, low-moderate, verbal-relational, and multi-risk). Evidence for school-level variables as predictors of bullying victimization profiles was stronger for adolescents in the United States, with a concentration of affluent families and severity of delinquency being significant in four of the six models. For the South Korean sample, the severity of delinquency predicted bullying victimization in only one model. Examination of both individual- and school-level factors that predict unique bullying victimization experiences grounded in Social Disorganization Theory may be informative for addressing key areas of intervention—especially at the school-level context in which victimization primarily takes place and where anti-bullying intervention programs are often provided.

Disability Issues and Planning Education

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W. Moon ◽  
Paul M.A. Baker ◽  
Robert G.B. Roy ◽  
Ariyana Bozzorg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Inclusion ◽  
Planning Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
University Planning ◽  
Economic Barriers

In the United States, planning education is frequently concerned with problems and solutions associated with the physical environment rather than socioeconomic barriers and solutions, including issues of workforce/workplace, community inclusion and participation, and e-democracy. Legislation such as the 1973 Rehabilitation Act and the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act, generally place more emphasis on accessibility in the physical landscape than on social and economic barriers faced by people with disabilities. Through a longitudinal survey of selected university planning programs in the United States (in 2005 and again in 2013), this article discusses how the lack of attention to disability issues in planning literature may be linked to the education of planners and planning curricula. It also suggests possible areas of progress as an emerging group of planners have become concerned with the role of technologies such as telecommuting in facilitating the inclusion of people with disabilities into the social environment.

Technology’s Retreat: The Decline of Rural Telephony in The United States, 1920-1940

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-327
Author(s):  
Claude S. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Social Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
The Social

One million fewer American farms had telephones in 1940 than in 1920; the instrument was disconnected in at least a third of the farm homes that once had it. Knowing how and why this “devolution” (Mattingly and Aspbury, 1985) occurred can expand our understanding of the social role of technology, diffusion of innovation, and more generally, twentieth-century modernization in America.

Human Nature and Economic Institutions: Instinct Psychology, Behaviorism, and the Development of American Institutionalism

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Francesco Asso ◽  
Luca Fiorito
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
William James ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Analysis ◽  
Thorstein Veblen ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social

Recent articles have explored from different perspectives the psychological foundations of American institutionalism from its beginning to the interwar years (Hodgson 1999; Lewin 1996; Rutherford 2000a, 2000b; Asso and Fiorito 2003). Other authors had previously dwelled upon the same topic in their writings on the originsand development of the social sciences in the United States (Curti 1980; Degler 1991; Ross 1991). All have a common starting point: the emergence during the second half of the nineteenth century of instinct-based theories of human agency. Although various thinkers had already acknowledged the role of impulses and proclivities, it was not until Darwin's introduction of biological explanations into behavioral analysis that instincts entered the rhetoric of the social sciences in a systematic way (Hodgson 1999; Degler 1991). William James, William McDougall, and C. Lloyd Morgan gave instinct theory its greatest refinement, soon stimulating its adoption by those economists who were looking for a viable alternative to hedonism. At the beginning of the century, early institutionalists like Thorstein Veblen, Robert F. Hoxie, Wesley C. Mitchell, and Carleton Parker employed instinct theory in their analysis of economic behavior. Their attention wasdrawn by the multiple layers of interaction between instinctive motivation and intentional economic behavior. Debates on the role of instinctsin economicswere not confined to the different souls of American Institutionalism, and many more “orthodox” figures, like Irving Fisher or Frank Taussig, actively participated.

The Madonna-Whore Dichotomy Is Associated With Patriarchy Endorsement: Evidence From Israel, the United States, and Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rotem Kahalon ◽  
Orly Bareket ◽  
Andrea C. Vial ◽  
Nora Sassenhagen ◽  
Julia C. Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
General Relationship ◽  
Heterosexual Relationships ◽  
The Social

The madonna-whore dichotomy denotes polarized perceptions of women as either good and chaste or as bad and promiscuous. In the present research, we examined the correlates of madonna-whore dichotomy among samples of heterosexual Israeli, U.S., and German women and heterosexual U.S. and German men. Demonstrating cross-cultural generalizability, madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement correlated with endorsement of patriarchy-supporting ideologies across samples. U.S. (but not German) men’s madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement negatively correlated with their sexual satisfaction in romantic relationships, which in turn predicted lower general relationship satisfaction. Among women, madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement did not correlate with sexual or general relationship satisfaction. These findings (a) support the feminist perspective on the madonna-whore dichotomy, which points to the role of the stereotype in policing women and limiting their sexual freedom; and (b) provide evidence that madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement can have personal costs for men. Increasing awareness to the motivations underlying the madonna-whore dichotomy endorsement and its costs can be beneficial at the social and personal levels for women and men, by providing knowledge that may help in developing focused interventions to change existing perceptions and scripts about sexuality, and perhaps foster more satisfying heterosexual relationships.

scholarly journals Chłop polski w Europie i Ameryce jako studium inkorporacji grup społecznych i budowania wspólnoty narodowej

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad Alan Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Disorganization ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
American Sociology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chicago School Of Sociology

The Polish Peasant in Europe and America, a sprawling masterpiece co-authored by W.I. Thomas and F. Znaniecki and published in five volumes between 1918 and 1921, is a widely acknowledged classic of interwar sociology. One of its signal contributions, and a key reason for its classic status, is what James Carey, in his book on the Chicago school of sociology, calls the social disorganization paradigm. In the United States, the Chicago school of sociology subsequently applied this paradigm to interpret a variety of urban social problems in the 1920s and early 1930s, and it remains influential in studies of crime and violence in American sociology today. Chad Alan Goldberg, Chłop polski w Europie i Ameryce jako studium inkorporacji grup społecznych i budowania wspólnoty narodowej [The Polish Peasant in Europe and America as a Study of Civil  Incorporation and Nation-Building] edited by M. Nowak, „Człowiek i Społeczeństwo” vol. XLVII: „Chłop polski w Europie i Ameryce” po stu latach [Polish peasant in Europe and America after one hundred years], Poznań 2019, pp. 143–159, Adam Mickiewicz University. Faculty of Social Sciences Press. ISSN 0239-3271

Using Memes to Carve a Space for Undocumented Latino/a Visibility and to Tackle Fossilized Myths

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-34
Author(s):  
Kaitlin E. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Nonprofit Organization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
The Social ◽  
Online Activism ◽  
Cultural Functions ◽  
The Impact

This article considers the impact of memes shared among Millennial and Generation Z–oriented Latino/a social media outlets during the years 2014–17, and proposes reading memes as viable microliterary texts. Through the examination of many dozens of memes and hundreds of Facebook posts from the nonprofit organization UndocuMedia, I have identified two themes that reoccur with notable frequency: (in)visibility and knowledge. As expressed within the memetic platform, these themes have cultural functions beyond superficial banter: humor detracts from political absurdity, arguing points permits one to assume defensive and protective postures, and connecting with friends expands the network of allies. I first define memes and explain how they might be read as socially conscious microliterary texts. I then examine selected meme examples to illustrate how they are shared with the intent to challenge the social and political marginalization that has long plagued the undocumented Latino/a demographic in the United States and to debunk long–held fossilized myths. I conclude by discussing the role of accompanying hashtags and emoji in the process of transplanting online activism to the offline world.

The Critical Margin and America's Inner Cities

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Rostow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Inner City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Pathology ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Urban Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
World Environment

I agree with British economist Alfred Marshall about the high costs of "wasteful negligence" of the poor and with the Economist that the slums in our cities constitute "America's main domestic challenge." But those judgments alone would not justify making the urban problem the subject of the final substantive chapter of this book. What argues for coming to rest here on the contemporary urban problem is the view that it will be impossible, over a period of time, for the United States to play the role of critical margin on the world scene if we do not solve the urban problem. By "solve," I do not mean a reduction of the social pathology within the inner cities to the level of the more affluent counties that surround them. That will take time, perhaps a generation or more. Indeed, it might never happen. In any case, there is no quick fix. By "solve," I mean the bringing about of a systematic and substantive process of decline in the social pathology of the inner city. That demonstration will convince those who live there and the community as a whole that the job is doable. Right now, the greatest obstacle to a solution of the problem is the belief both in the inner city and the community at large that the job is not doable. As I said on another occasion:… When i am asked how I would rate the urban problem on the agenda of national-security problems, I reply it is our number one nationalsecurity problem. If we succeed in mastering the current urban problem of our country, we shall strengthen our hand on the world scene. We shall demonstrate that we can he a truly multiracial society, which is at the same time true to the international ideals to which we as a nation have long been committed. Nothing constructive can be accomplished in this dynamic, contentious, aspiring world without the active participation of the United States. But, ii we fail to master the urban problem, we shall, I fear, turn inward, away from the world. We shall he unable to play our part at the critical margin. And we shall risk a world environment of chaos.

scholarly journals Educação musical e projetos sociais: discutindo a relação entre música, pertencimento e demandas sociais em dois países

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Elisama da Silva Goncalves Santos ◽  
Anderson Brasil
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Music Education ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Object Learning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Teaching Music

The social projects in music are a modern topic in the field of music education. Due to the importance of the point provided here, it is indicated the expansion of the object learning and teaching music beyond the aspects of social context in which these music social projects are inserted. Therefore, we seek to achieve an expanded look at the musical experiences offered in social projects not only in Brazil, but also in contexts with refugees originally from countries at war. In this article, we also illustrate experiences in social projects located in North Dakota, in the United States. Through dialogues with researchers of music education, we seek to reflect on the situation of refugees from countries at war, the sense of belonging, and the role of music education in communities in relation to the demands that permeate the musical aspects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document