Household Appliances and Electronics

2018 ◽  
pp. 388-410
Author(s):  
Toke Haunstrup Christensen ◽  
Kirsten Gram-Hanssen ◽  
Mette Hove Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Political Consumerism ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Household Appliances ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Waste Handling

Household appliances and electronics have massive environmental implications caused by the consumption of energy and scarce materials and the release of hazardous chemicals related to production, use, and disposal as well as social issues related to working conditions and the north-south division in production and waste handling. Still, political consumerism is quite absent from this field. Public policy measures within this area include energy labels and product policies as well as some consumer campaigns. This chapter argues that the main reasons behind the environmental problems related to these products are the growing number and frequent replacement of products. However, this is practically missing in public policymaking and only marginally dealt with through initiatives of political consumerism. This chapter documents the relative absence of political consumerism in the field of electronics and household appliances and discusses how to understand this in relation to different types of social drivers behind consumption.

scholarly journals Facilitating the formalisation of entrepreneurs in the informal economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Williams ◽  
Sara J. Nadin
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Informal Entrepreneurship

Purpose – Although it has been recognised that many entrepreneurs operate in the informal economy, little is so far known about their reasons for doing so. The purpose of this paper is to begin to unravel entrepreneurs’ rationales for trading in the informal economy in order to consider what policy measures need to be adopted to facilitate their formalisation. Design/methodology/approach – To do this, the results of an empirical survey are reported conducted in Ukraine during 2006/2007 with 331 individuals who had started-up or owned/managed an enterprise. Findings – Revealing that the rationales for entrepreneurs operating in the informal economy markedly differ according to whether they are wholly or partially informal entrepreneurs operating temporarily or permanently in the informal economy, the result is a call for a move beyond a “one-size-fits-all” policy approach and towards a variegated public policy approach whereby policy measures are tailored to tackling the different types of informal entrepreneurship, each of which operate informally for varying reasons. Research limitations/implications – No evidence yet exists of whether the rationales for engaging in each type of informal entrepreneurship, and the consequent policy measures that need to be used to formalise each type, are more widely valid. Further research to evaluate this is required. Originality/value – This is the first paper to start to move beyond a “one size fits all” policy approach when considering how to facilitate the formalisation of entrepreneurs in the informal economy.

Analysis of babA, cagE and cagA Genes in Helicobacter pylori from Upper Gastric Patients in the North of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Fakhrieh Asl ◽  
Mehrnaz Pourvahedi ◽  
Ali Mojtahedi ◽  
Mohammad Shenagari
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Types ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
H Pylori

Objective:Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which has a serious effect on up to half of the world’s population and has been related to different gastric diseases. The goal of this study was to assess the frequency of babA, cagE and cagA genotypes among H. pylori strains isolated from gastric biopsies of endoscopic patients in the north of Iran.Methods:The present study was performed on 90 strains of H. pylori isolated from patients with gastric diseases (Gastric ulcer (GU), Duodenal ulcer (DU), Gastritis (G), Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and Gastric adenocarcinoma (GC)). DNA was extracted from all isolated strains and PCR method was performed to detect the prevalence of babA2, cagE and cagA genes using specific primers.Results:Among 90 samples of H. pylori, babA2, cagE, and cagA genes were detected in 42.2%, 30% and 82.2% of strains respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of cagA gene in GU, G, DU, and NUD was significantly higher than other genes. Moreover, cagA, and babA2 genes were significantly more prevalent in GC patients compared to cagE gene. Our isolates exhibited 8 distinct arrangements of virulence patterns. The occurrence of cagA (35.6%) was the most prevalent pattern followed by cagA/babA2 (20%) and cagA/babA2/cagE (14.4%).Conclusion:In summary, as first report from Guilan province in the north of Iran, we showed significant association between the presence of babA2, cagE, and cagA genes in different types of gastric disorders.

scholarly journals Bacterial contamination control mats: a comparative study

1977 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Meddick
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Contamination Control ◽  
Different Types

SUMMARYThe ability of six different types of contamination control mats currently in use at the entrances to theatre suites and other clean areas to remove bacteria-carrying particles from theatre trolley wheels was compared. Marked differences in the effectiveness of this property were obtained; and all mats showed some disadvantages. Modification of one of the mats has resulted in improved efficiency under working conditions.

Demographic echoes of the maternity data in the Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Marasovic Šušnjara
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Policy Measures

Abstract Background The demographic situation in the Split-Dalmatia County (SDC) is characterized by negative trends in the new millennium. Such a demographic picture entails many societal challenges. Considering the far-reaching consequences of population decline, the goal is to show what maternity data have been like in the SDC in the last decade. Methods Individual birth reports from health institutions in the SDC were used in the presentation of the maternity data. Demographic indicators were calculated based on data from the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. Results In 2018, in the SDC were reported 4,438 deliveries (13% less vs 2009; 5,103 deliveries) with a total of 4,577 children delivered, whereof 4,561 were live births and 16 were stillbirths. From a total of 4,516 live births, 13 live-born neonates died during the first week of their life. Most of women in labor (89%) were residents of the SDC. The average age of the new mothers was 28.9 years (in 2009; 26.9 years). Childbirth was most frequently recorded in the maternal age group 30 -34 (1,556 deliveries, i.e. 110,9/1,000 women of said age group; 92/1,000 in 2009). Among childbearing women with known data on earlier deliveries (4,431), 2,029 or 45.8% had their first deliveries, 1,549 or 35% had their second deliveries, 808 or 18% had their third or higher birth order deliveries. According to an estimate in 2018, 448,071 people lived in the SDC, less 1.5% from the last census (2011). The live birth rate was 9.5 /1,000 in 2018 (2009; 10.9/1,000). The total fertility rate was 1.53 in 2018 (2009; 1.6). The natural increase rate in 2018 was negative at -1.8 (-830 persons) (2009; 0.5 (250 persons)). Conclusions Depopulation, low birth rates and fertility, are the demographic reality of Split-Dalmatia County as well as Croatia, which requires adoption and implementation of various public policy measures that positively affect fertility to improve the demographic picture. Key messages Depopulation, low birth rates and fertility, are the demographic reality of Split-Dalmatia County as well as Croatia. Adoption and implementation of various public policy measures that positively affect fertility to improve the demographic picture are needed.

Further Investigation upon the Water Movements in the English Channel. Drift-Bottle Experiments in the Summers of 1927, 1928 and 1929, with Critical Notes on Drift-Bottle Experiments in General.

1930 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
North Sea ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Great Simplicity ◽  
Simple Surface

In July–August of three different years common surface-floating bottles were set adrift at International Station E2 (49° 27' N.—4° 42' W.). With them, various types of drag-fitted bottles were also put out. The journeys accomplished are discussed, and the striking differences as between year and year in the case of the common surface floaters, and as between the different types in the same year, are commented upon in the light of the prevailing winds. An inter-relationship of great simplicity is deduced between wind speed and the rate of travel of simple surface floating bottles up-Channel and across the North Sea from the results of experiments carried out in four different summers.

Atomization of Liquids by Means of a Rotating Cup

1950 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Hinze ◽  
H. Milborn
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Angular Speed ◽  
The State ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Drop Formation ◽  
Dimensionless Groups ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Centrifugal Action

Abstract Liquid, supplied through a stationary tube to the inner part of a rotating cup widening toward a brim, flows viscously in a thin layer toward this brim and is then flung off, all by centrifugal action. The flow within this layer and the disintegration phenomena occurring beyond the brim have been studied, experimentally as well as theoretically. A formula has been derived for the thickness and for the radial velocity of the liquid layer within the cup, which proved to agree reasonably well with experimental results. Three essentially different types of disintegration may take place around and beyond the edge of the cup designated, respectively, by: (a) the state of direct drop formation; (b) the state of ligament formation; and (c) the state of film formation. Which one of these is realized depends upon working conditions. Transition from state (a) into (b), or of state (b) into state (c) is promoted by an increased quantity of supply, an increased angular speed, a decreased diameter of the cup, an increased density, an increased viscosity, and a decreased surface tension of the liquid. The experimental results have been expressed in relationships between relevant dimensionless groups. For the state of ligament formation a semiempirical relationship has been derived between the number of ligaments and dimensionless groups determining the working conditions of the cup. Results of drop-size measurements made for the state of ligament formation as well as for the state of film formation show that atomization by mere rotation of the cup is much more uniform than commonly achieved with pressure atomizers.

scholarly journals Validation Study in the Educational Context of the Portuguese Version of the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurdes Neves ◽  
Joaquim Luís Coimbra
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Motivation Scale ◽  
Item Scale ◽  
Multidimensional Concept ◽  
Broad Understanding

Abstrac The self-determination theory proposes a multidimensional concept of motivation and distinguishes how different types of motivation can be promoted or discouraged. For the application of the theory of self-determination to the educational context, this study aimed to adapt and validate the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale (MWMS) in the educational context. The scale was answered by 419 teachers from 30 schools from the North and Center of Portugal. Factor analysis indicated that the 19-item scale has the same factor structure as that obtained in the original study. In this study, it was possible to identify that the items that constitute the MWMS are good indicators of constructs to be measured in an educational context and the factors are properly individualized. The scale showed five robust dimensions that permit a broad understanding of motivation, similar to the studies of the original scale. The dimension with the best internal consistency is demotivation, while introjected regulation obtained the lowest coefficient.

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