Creating with Constraints

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Georges Perec ◽  
Gyorgy Ligeti ◽  
Raymond Queneau ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Musical Creativity ◽  
Process Constraints

Musicians have long framed their creative activity within constraints, whether imposed externally or consciously chosen. As noted by Leonard Meyer, any style can be viewed as an ensemble of constraints, requiring the features of the artwork to conform with accepted norms. Such received stylistic constraints may be complemented by additional, voluntary limitations: for example, using only a limited palette of pitches or sounds, setting rules to govern repetition or transformation, controlling the formal layout and proportions of the work, or limiting the variety of operations involved in its creation. This chapter proposes a fourfold classification of the limits most often encountered in music creation into material (absolute and relative), formal, style/genre, and process constraints. The role of constraints as a spur and guide to musical creativity is explored in the domains of composition, improvisation, performance, and even listening, with examples drawn from contemporary composers including György Ligeti, George Aperghis, and James Tenney. Such musical constraints are comparable to self-imposed limitations in other art forms, from film (the Dogme 95 Manifesto) and visual art (Robert Morris’s Blind Time Drawings) to the writings of authors associated with the Oulipo (Ouvroir de littérature potentielle) such as Georges Perec and Raymond Queneau.

Listening in on Composers’ Self-Portraits

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Walden
Keyword(s):  
Visual Art ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Compositional Styles

Chapter 3 explores the methods by which composers have depicted themselves and their compositional styles in musical self-portraits. It views musical self-portraits in relation to self-portraiture in visual art to identify techniques shared by the two art forms. The chapter focuses in particular on two self-portraits, György Ligeti’s “Selbstportrait mit Reich und Riley (und Chopin ist auch dabei),” from Drei Stücke, and Peter Ablinger’s “Quadraturen IV: ‘Selbstportrait mit Berlin.’ ” In their self-portraits, Ligeti and Ablinger reflect on their professional and artistic identities in the context provided by the music and sounds that they hear around them. The study of these musical self-portraits reveals some of the ways recent and contemporary composers view the role of their art and of the sense of hearing in the construction of their own identities.

Raiders Activity on the Market for Corporate Control as a Product of Coercive Entrepreneurship Evolution

2007 ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
A. Kireev
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Control ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Market For Corporate Control ◽  
Basic Characteristics

The paper studies the problem of raiders activity on the market for corporate control. This activity is considered as a product of coercive entrepreneurship evolution. Their similarities and sharp distinctions are shown. The article presents the classification of raiders activity, discribes its basic characteristics and tendencies, defines the role of government in the process of its transformation.

ASPECTS IN BUILDING A COMPANY WEB-SITE AND ITS ROLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS

2018 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Petar Halachev ◽  
Victoria Radeva ◽  
Albena Nikiforova ◽  
Miglena Veneva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Web Site ◽  
The Internet ◽  
A Company ◽  
The Web ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Made In ◽  
Site Types

This report is dedicated to the role of the web site as an important tool for presenting business on the Internet. Classification of site types has been made in terms of their application in the business and the types of structures in their construction. The Models of the Life Cycle for designing business websites are analyzed and are outlined their strengths and weaknesses. The stages in the design, construction, commissioning, and maintenance of a business website are distinguished and the activities and requirements of each stage are specified.

Creativity in Sociocultural Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-284
Author(s):  
Dean Keith Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Macro Level ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sociocultural Systems

Although psychologists typically see creativity as an individual-level event, sociologists and cultural anthropologists are more likely to view it as a sociocultural phenomenon. This phenomenon takes place at the level of relatively large and enduring collectives, such as cultures, nations, and even whole civilizations. This chapter reviews the extensive research on such macro-level creativity. The review begins with a historical overview before turning to the cross-sectional research on the creative Ortgeist, a subject that encompasses the factors that influence the relative creativity of both preliterate cultures and entire modern nations. From there the chapter turns to role of the Zeitgeist in affecting the creativity of civilizations across time—the rise and fall of creative activity. This research examines both quantitative and qualitative causes that operate both short- and long-term.

scholarly journals Formation of an Export-Oriented Agricultural Economy and Regional Open Innovations

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Victor L. Shabanov ◽  
Marianna Ya Vasilchenko ◽  
Elena A. Derunova ◽  
Andrey P. Potapov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Modeling Methodology ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the work is to find relevant indicators for assessing the relationship between investments in fixed assets in agriculture, gross output of the industry, and agricultural exports using tools for modeling the impact of innovation and investment development on increasing production and export potential in the context of the formation of an export-oriented agricultural economy. The modeling methodology and the proposed estimating and forecasting tools for diagnosing and monitoring the state of sectoral and regional innovative agricultural systems are used to analyze the relationship between investments in fixed assets in agriculture, gross output of the industry, and agricultural exports based on the construction of the classification of Russian regions by factors that aggregate these features to diagnose incongruence problems and to improve institutional management in regional innovative export-oriented agrosystems. Based on the results of the factor analysis application, an underestimated role of indicators of investment in agriculture, the intensity and efficiency of agricultural production, were established. Based on the results of the cluster analysis, the established five groups of regions were identified, with significant differences in the level of investment in agriculture, the volume of production of the main types of agricultural products, and the export and exported food. The research results are of practical value for use in improving institutional management when planning reforms and transformations of regional innovative agrosystems.

scholarly journals Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in the development of congenital heart diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. e000196
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
Xiaosi Jin ◽  
Yuhao Zhang ◽  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Rulai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Molecular Medicine ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Near Future

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common of congenital cardiovascular malformations associated with birth defects, and it results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The classification of CHD is still elusive owing to the complex pathogenesis of CHD. Advances in molecular medicine have revealed the genetic basis of some heart anomalies. Genes associated with CHD might be modulated by various epigenetic factors. Thus, the genetic and epigenetic factors are gradually accepted as important triggers in the pathogenesis of CHD. However, few literatures have comprehensively elaborated the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of CHD. This review focuses on the etiology of CHD from genetics and epigenetics to discuss the role of these factors in the development of CHD. The interactions between genetic and epigenetic in the pathogenesis of CHD are also elaborated. Chromosome abnormalities and gene mutations in genetics, and DNA methylations, histone modifications and on-coding RNAs in epigenetics are summarized in detail. We hope the summative knowledge of these etiologies may be useful for improved diagnosis and further elucidation of CHD so that morbidity and mortality of children with CHD can be reduced in the near future.

scholarly journals Druggable targets meet oncogenic drivers: opportunities and limitations of target-based classification of tumors and the role of Molecular Tumor Boards

ESMO Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 100040 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Danesi ◽  
S. Fogli ◽  
S. Indraccolo ◽  
M. Del Re ◽  
A.P. Dei Tos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Boards ◽  
Classification Of Tumors ◽  
Druggable Targets

scholarly journals Structural variant detection in cancer genomes: computational challenges and perspectives for precision oncology

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ianthe A. E. M. van Belzen ◽  
Alexander Schönhuth ◽  
Patrick Kemmeren ◽  
Jayne Y. Hehir-Kwa
Keyword(s):  
Intratumor Heterogeneity ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Cancer Genomes ◽  
Genomic Aberrations

AbstractCancer is generally characterized by acquired genomic aberrations in a broad spectrum of types and sizes, ranging from single nucleotide variants to structural variants (SVs). At least 30% of cancers have a known pathogenic SV used in diagnosis or treatment stratification. However, research into the role of SVs in cancer has been limited due to difficulties in detection. Biological and computational challenges confound SV detection in cancer samples, including intratumor heterogeneity, polyploidy, and distinguishing tumor-specific SVs from germline and somatic variants present in healthy cells. Classification of tumor-specific SVs is challenging due to inconsistencies in detected breakpoints, derived variant types and biological complexity of some rearrangements. Full-spectrum SV detection with high recall and precision requires integration of multiple algorithms and sequencing technologies to rescue variants that are difficult to resolve through individual methods. Here, we explore current strategies for integrating SV callsets and to enable the use of tumor-specific SVs in precision oncology.

scholarly journals NIMG-53. GLUTAMATE/GABA RATIO ON MRS IS ELEVATED IN PATIENTS WITH LOWER GRADE GLIOMAS AND SEIZURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii159-ii160
Author(s):  
Roberta Rudà ◽  
Riccardo Pascuzzo ◽  
Francesca Mo ◽  
Alessia Pellerino ◽  
Peter B Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Location ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Baseline Evaluation ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Grade Iii

Abstract BACKGROUND There is lack of information on the role of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the development of seizures in patients with lower grade gliomas. Increase of glutamate and downregulation of GABA have been suggested in preclinical models and human surgical samples to be associated with brain tumor-related epilepsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We prospectively investigated with the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) the differences in the ratio of metabolites (glutamate/GABA, glutamate/creatine and GABA/creatine) in the peritumoral areas between patients with or without seizures in a series of lower grade gliomas. Tumors were classified according to WHO Classification of 2016 as follows:11 grade II IDH mutated and 1p/19q codeleted; 3 grade III IDH mutated and 1p/19q codeleted; 6 grade II IDH mutated and 1p/19q intact; 1 grade III IDH mutated and 1p/19q intact; 1 grade II IDH wild-type. Patients received surgery alone or followed by temozolomide chemotherapy according to the presence of risk factors. RESULTS At baseline evaluation, maximum glutamate/GABA values were significantly higher (p=0.023) in the peritumoral area of patients with seizures (1.008 ± 0.368) with respect to those without seizures (0.691 ± 0.170). No other metabolites ratio showed significant differences between the two groups. Similar results were obtained when analyzing the metabolites ratio in the examinations during the follow-up. In the cohort of patients with seizures (n.14) variations of metabolite ratios were not associated with tumor location, 1p/19q codeletion, use of AEDs, concomitant chemotherapy or seizure characteristics (type, duration, frequency). CONCLUSIONS The study is ongoing with the aim of analyzing further the correlations between ratio of metabolites and status of the tumor (stable vs progressive).

scholarly journals God, New Natural Law Theory, and Human Rights

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Christopher Tollefsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Natural Rights ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Adequate Account ◽  
Full Theory ◽  
Natural Law Theory ◽  
Epistemological Dimension

Critics of the “New” Natural Law (NNL) theory have raised questions about the role of the divine in that theory. This paper considers that role in regard to its account of human rights: can the NNL account of human rights be sustained without a more or less explicit advertence to “the question of God’s existence or nature or will”? It might seem that Finnis’s “elaborate sketch” includes a full theory of human rights even prior to the introduction of his reflections on the divine in the concluding chapter of Natural Law and Natural Rights. But in this essay, I argue that an adequate account of human rights cannot, in fact, be sustained without some role for God’s creative activity in two dimensions, the ontological and the motivational. These dimensions must be distinguished from the epistemological dimension of human rights, that is, the question of whether epistemological access to truths about human rights is possible without reference to God’s existence, nature, or will. The NNL view is that such access is possible. However, I will argue, the epistemological cannot be entirely cabined off from the relevant ontological and motivational issues and the NNL framework can accommodate this fact without difficulty.

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