“Each in Our Own Village”

2019 ◽  
pp. 302-318
Author(s):  
Catherine Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Available P ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Digital Collection ◽  
Online Streaming

This article explains the importance of creating sustainable interactions between custodian communities and archives, arguing that an archive is truly sustainable if it promotes and supports forms of sustainable and unmediated interactions and dialogue between its own organization and custodian communities. It first provides an overview of some of the contemporary concerns of cultural custodians as well as the contemporary concerns of archives before discussing interactions related to stakeholder communities and archived collections of musical recordings. It then describes the author’s experiences from her own research within Kam minority communities in southwestern China over the past thirteen years, and more specifically her involvement in archiving recordings of Kam music, to demonstrate how insights from the perspective of the fieldworker/archivist might be used in the process of developing new initiatives that assist in establishing sustainable custodian-archive dialogue and thus archival sustainability. The author’s work involved collaboration with Kam custodians to create and establish a sustainably archived digital collection of recorded materials with the Pacific and Regional Archive of Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). Drawing on this experience, she proposes several new initiatives aimed at enhancing custodian–archive communication founded on two features integral to sustainable digital archives: using the very audiovisual means that form the basis of the archive, and using the archive’s online streaming capabilities (or digital recordable media such as VCDs and DVDs as substitutes where online streaming is not available).

MONARCHS, TRAVELLERS AND EMPIRE IN THE PACIFIC'S AGE OF REVOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Sujit Sivasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cultural Terms ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
A Site

AbstractThe Pacific has often been invisible in global histories written in the UK. Yet it has consistently been a site for contemplating the past and the future, even among Britons cast on its shores. In this lecture, I reconsider a critical moment of globalisation and empire, the ‘age of revolutions’ at the end of the eighteenth century and the start of the nineteenth century, by journeying with European voyagers to the Pacific Ocean. The lecture will point to what this age meant for Pacific islanders, in social, political and cultural terms. It works with a definition of the Pacific's age of revolutions as a surge of indigeneity met by a counter-revolutionary imperialism. What was involved in undertaking a European voyage changed in this era, even as one important expedition was interrupted by news from revolutionary Europe. Yet more fundamentally vocabularies and practices of monarchy were consolidated by islanders across the Pacific. This was followed by the outworkings of counter-revolutionary imperialism through agreements of alliance and alleged cessation. Such an argument allows me, for instance, to place the 1806 wreck of the Port-au-Prince within the Pacific's age of revolutions. This was an English ship used to raid French and Spanish targets in the Pacific, but which was stripped of its guns, iron, gunpowder and carronades by Tongans. To chart the trajectory from revolution and islander agency on to violence and empire is to appreciate the unsettled paths that gave rise to our modern world. This view foregrounds people who inhabited and travelled through the earth's oceanic frontiers. It is a global history from a specific place in the oceanic south, on the opposite side of the planet to Europe.

Summary of Coastal Geologic Evidence for past Great Earthquakes at the Cascadia Subduction Zone

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian F. Atwater ◽  
Alan R. Nelson ◽  
John J. Clague ◽  
Gary A. Carver ◽  
David K. Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Cascadia Subduction Zone ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Juan De Fuca

Earthquakes in the past few thousand years have left signs of land-level change, tsunamis, and shaking along the Pacific coast at the Cascadia subduction zone. Sudden lowering of land accounts for many of the buried marsh and forest soils at estuaries between southern British Columbia and northern California. Sand layers on some of these soils imply that tsunamis were triggered by some of the events that lowered the land. Liquefaction features show that inland shaking accompanied sudden coastal subsidence at the Washington-Oregon border about 300 years ago. The combined evidence for subsidence, tsunamis, and shaking shows that earthquakes of magnitude 8 or larger have occurred on the boundary between the overriding North America plate and the downgoing Juan de Fuca and Gorda plates. Intervals between the earthquakes are poorly known because of uncertainties about the number and ages of the earthquakes. Current estimates for individual intervals at specific coastal sites range from a few centuries to about one thousand years.

“The ice has gone”: Vernacular meteorology, fisheries and human–ice relationships on Sakhalin Island

Polar Record ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Mamontova
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Rural People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Subsistence Activities ◽  
Human Subsistence

Abstract This paper examines vernacular weather observations amongst rural people on Sakhalin, Russia’s largest island on the Pacific Coast, and their relationship to the ice. It is based on a weather diary (2000–2016) of one of the local inhabitants and fieldwork that the author conducted in the settlement of Trambaus in 2016. The diary as a community-based weather monitoring allows us to examine how people understand, perceive and deal with the weather both daily and in the long-term perspective. Research argues that amongst all natural phenomena, the ice is the most crucial for the local inhabitants as it determines human subsistence activities, navigation and relations with other environmental forces and beings. People perceive the ice as having an agency, engage in a dialogue with it, learn and adjust themselves to its drifting patterns. Over the past decade, the inability to predict the ice’s behaviour has become a major problem affecting people’s well-being in the settlement. The paper advocates further integrating vernacular weather observations and their relations with natural forces into research on climate change and local fisheries management policies.

Rattus exulans (Pacific rat).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Shiels
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Pacific Basin ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Ground Nesting ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Abstract The Pacific rat, R. exulans, is an major agricultural and environmental pest in parts of Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Thought to have spread with Polynesian colonists over the past several thousand years, it is now found through much of the Pacific basin, and is extensively distributed in the tropical Pacific. It poses a significant threat to indigenous wildlife, particularly ground-nesting birds, and has been linked to the extinction of several bird species. R. exulans may also transmit diseases to humans.

scholarly journals Ka mua, ka muri: Navigating the future of design education by drawing upon indigenous frameworks

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Zac Waipara
Keyword(s):  
Design Education ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Indigenous Studies ◽  
Ecological Literacy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
Confined Environment

We have not yet emerged into a post-COVID world. The future is fluid and unknown. As the Academy morphs under pressure, as design practitioners and educators attempt to respond to the shifting world – in the M?ori language, Te Ao Hurihuri – how might we manage such changes? There is an indigenous precedent of drawing upon the past to assist with present and future states – as the proverb ka mua ka muri indicates, ‘travelling backwards into the future,’ viewing the past spread out behind us, as we move into the unknown. Indigenous academics often draw inspiration from extant traditional viewpoints, reframing them as methodologies, and drawing on metaphor to shape solutions. Some of these frameworks, such as Te Whare Tapa Wh?, developed as a health-based model, have been adapted for educational purposes. Many examples of metaphor drawn from indigenous ways of thinking have also been adapted as design or designrelated methodologies. What is it about the power of metaphor, particularly indigenous ways of seeing, that might offer solutions for both student and teacher? One developing propositional model uses the Pacific voyager as exemplar for the student. Hohl cites Polynesian navigation an inspirational metaphor, where “navigating the vast Pacific Ocean without instruments, only using the sun, moon, stars, swells, clouds and birds as orienting cues to travel vast distances between Polynesian islands.”1 However, in these uncertain times, it becomes just as relevant for the academic staff member. As Reilly notes, using this analogy to situate two cultures working as one: “like two canoes, lashed together to achieve greater stability in the open seas … we must work together to ensure our ship keeps pointing towards calmer waters and to a future that benefits subsequent generations.”2 The goal in formulating this framework has been to extract guiding principles and construct a useful, applicable structure by drawing from research on twoexisting models based in Samoan and Hawaiian worldviews, synthesised via related M?ori concepts. Just as we expect our students to stretch their imaginations and challenge themselves, we the educators might also find courage in the face of the unknown,drawing strength from indigenous storytelling. Hohl describes the advantages of examining this approach: “People living on islands are highly aware of the limitedness of their resources, the precarious balance of their natural environment and the long wearing negative effects of unsustainable actions … from experience and observing the consequences of actions in a limited and confined environment necessarily lead to a sustainable culture in order for such a society to survive.”3 Calculated risks must be undertaken to navigate this space, as shown in this waka-navigator framework, adapted for potential use in a collaborative, studio-style classroom model. 1 Michael Hohl, “Living in Cybernetics: Polynesian Voyaging and Ecological Literacy as Models fordesign education, Kybernetes 44, 8/9 (October 2015). https://doi.org/ 10.1108/K-11-2014-0236.2 Michael P.J Reilly, “A Stranger to the Islands: Voice, Place and the Self in Indigenous Studies”(Inaugural Professorial Lecture, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 2009).http://hdl.handle.net/10523/51833 Hohl, “Living in Cybernetics”.

scholarly journals Good offices: grasping the place of law in conflict

Legal Studies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife O'Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Settlement Of Disputes ◽  
Violent Conflicts

In the pantheon of approaches open to participants in the pacific settlement of disputes, good offices holds a noteworthy place. The evolution of good offices over the past century is concurrent with a trend of considerable transformation within international law, including – amongst other changes – a move away from a state-led legal order, including in good offices following the emergence of the heads of international organisations as its prime users, and a process of legalisation and specialisation within the subject that has entirely altered its character. These changes have led to a redefinition of good offices that stresses the actor carrying out the role above the form that it takes. To accompany these changes in practice, there is a need for a transformation in the legal analysis and definition of good offices. One potential option in achieving this end is Bell'slex pacificatoria. If good offices is to continue to play a significant role in the settlement of violent conflicts, a fully developed legal analysis is necessary to grasp both its historical development and its potential future role.

Pacific Walker circulation variability during the last millennium reconstructed from a network of water isotope proxy records

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Falster ◽  
Bronwen Konecky ◽  
Sloan Coats ◽  
Samantha Stevenson ◽  
Midhun Madhavan
Keyword(s):  
Walker Circulation ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Climate Signal ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Global Precipitation

<p>Changes in the strength of the Pacific Walker circulation (PWC) can have a significant impact on global mean surface temperatures, as well as regional temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events far beyond the tropical Pacific. Understanding PWC variability is therefore important for constraining future climate. But observational records of the PWC are short, and single-site proxy records for changes in the strength of the PWC during the last millennium offer contrasting interpretations. This leaves a critical gap in our understanding of PWC variability on the decadal to centennial timescales relevant to future climate change.</p><p>Falster et al. (in prep.) demonstrated that the PWC is strongly imprinted in modern global precipitation δ<sup>18</sup>O (δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>P</sub>). This relationship arises via multiple complementary mechanisms, including but not limited to ENSO dynamics. We exploit this relationship to reconstruct changes in the strength of the PWC over the past millennium, using six different statistical and machine learning reconstruction methods in conjunction with a globally-distributed network of palaeo-δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>P</sub> records (Konecky et al. 2020). Although δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>P</sub> from a relatively small number of locations explains a large proportion of PWC variance in the calibration interval, we use a larger network of sites because larger networks are less susceptible to non-stationary teleconnections or non-signal biases than individual sites or smaller networks. </p><p>Preliminary results indicate that reconstructed PWC variability is coherent across methods, particularly for the past 400 years. Our reconstructions are also robust to both the calibration window used, and the particular palaeo-δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>P</sub> records included in the reconstruction. This provides confidence that our network comprises sufficient proxy timeseries i.e. that we successfully extracted the common underlying climate signal (the PWC) from site-specific information inherent in individual palaeo-δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>P</sub> records. Thus, we are confident that our reconstruction of changes in the strength of the PWC through the last millennium is robust, and it will therefore help to constrain the PWC’s long-term internal variability and sensitivity to external forcing.</p><p><br><strong>References:</strong></p><p>Falster, G. M., B. Konecky, M. Madhavan, S. Coats, S. Stevenson. 2021. “Imprint of the Pacific Walker circulation in global precipitation δ<sup>18</sup>O”. In preparation for <em>Journal of Climate</em>. </p><p>Konecky, B. L., N. P. McKay, O. V. Churakova (Sidorova), L. Comas-Bru, E. P. Dassié, K. L. DeLong, G. M. Falster, et al. 2020. “The Iso2k Database: A Global Compilation of Paleo-δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>2</sup>H Records to Aid Understanding of Common Era Climate.” <em>ESSD</em>. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-5.</p>

Art information networks in Asia and the Pacific

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Sue Boaden
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Information Networks ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Cultural Festivals ◽  
Asian Pacific

As former colonial links and reliance on a technologically-developed ‘West’ recede into the past, Asian and Pacific countries, including Australia, are becoming increasingly aware of one another as neighbours. Circulation of exhibitions, artists’ visits, cultural festivals, government and UNESCO activities, and art publishing, provide a network for sharing art and art information between countries in this region. Among art libraries, those in Australia and New Zealand participate in the network represented by ARLIS/ANZ; the IFLA Section of Art Libraries and its global role offers scope for further developments. An Asian/Pacific ‘ARLIS’ is proposed.

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