Ethnicity and Race as Contexts for Moral Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 628-648
Author(s):  
Deborah Rivas-Drake ◽  
Michael A. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
Ethnicity And Race

Individuals’ experiences around ethnicity and race can profoundly shape both their understanding of injustice and their concern for justice. This chapter delineates three processes—ethnic-racial discrimination, socialization, and identity—through which race and ethnicity can inform moral development. These three processes reflect important ways in which race and ethnicity make their way into the daily experiences, thoughts, and feelings of youth. The authors first discuss how youth experience and respond to marginalization and unfair treatment (discrimination). They then discuss myriad messages youth negotiate in interracial contexts and how they construct ethnic-racial identities, with particular attention paid to how such identities may intersect with youths’ concerns for justice. The chapter concludes with directions for future research.

Immigration, Race, and Ethnicity in American Film

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Carr
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Film History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
American Film ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Film Texts

The rise of the American motion picture corresponds to the influx of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe. Just as many of these immigrants initially settled in East Coast and Midwest cities, both movies and movie audiences emerged there as an urban phenomenon. Rather than view this phenomenon only in terms of the images that films of this era offered, this chapter proposes to move beyond a “reflection paradigm” of film history. Of course, film texts reflected immigrant, ethnic, and racial identities. But these identities also existed beyond the text, across movies and movie-going, and embedded within diffuse, multiple, and overlapping networks of imagined relationships. Using Bakhtin’s concept of the chronotope, this chapter recounts some preliminary case studies involving race, ethnicity, and immigration to explore how future research in this area might probe the cultural practices of movie-going among diverse audiences during the first half of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Comparative Perspectives on Racial Discrimination in Hiring: The Rise of Field Experiments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln Quillian ◽  
Arnfinn H. Midtbøen
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Rules ◽  
Hiring Discrimination

This article reviews studies of discrimination against racial and ethnic minority groups in hiring in cross-national comparative perspective. We focus on field-experimental studies of hiring discrimination: studies that use fictitious applications from members of different racial and ethnic group to apply for actual jobs. There are more than 140 field experimental studies of hiring discrimination against ethno-racial minority groups in 30 countries. These studies show that racial and ethnic discrimination is a pervasive international phenomenon that has hardly declined over time, although levels vary significantly over countries. The comparative perspective from this body of research helps to move beyond micro-models of employer decision-making to better understand the roles of history, social context, institutional rules, and racist ideologies in producing discrimination. Some racial discrimination is driven by correlated conditions like religion, but the clues producing most discrimination on these bases are fundamentally racialized. Studies suggest that institutional rules regarding race and ethnicity in hiring can have an important influence on levels of discrimination. Suggestions for future research on discrimination are discussed.

scholarly journals Confronting Institutional Discrimination in a Color-Blind World

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric O. Silva ◽  
Christopher J. Gillmann ◽  
KeyAnna L. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Institutional Discrimination ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
The Public ◽  
Color Blind ◽  
The Public Sphere

This article builds on the scholarship on color-blind ideology by examining discourse challenging two cases of institutional discrimination (the criminalization of unauthorized immigrants and sports teams’ use of Native American symbolism). Our research questions are first, what general options do anti-racists have for navigating norms of color-blindness in the public sphere? Second, how does context influence how people confront institutional discrimination? Based on an ethnographic content analysis of 165 letters to the editor published in American newspapers, we find that opponents of institutional discrimination have the choice of addressing one of four laminations. In each lamination, authors acknowledge framings of racial discrimination that are unacknowledged in previous ones. In the abstraction lamination, authors do not recognize race and ethnicity. In the pigmentation lamination, authors identify race and ethnicity, but not discrimination. Authors in the discrimination lamination acknowledge the practice is harmful to a particular racial or ethnic group, and the contextualization lamination lends added dimensionality to the discourse. A comparison of the laminations of pro-immigrant and anti-mascot letters demonstrates varying willingness to acknowledge racial discrimination. Namely, the pro-immigrant discourse was more color-blind than anti-mascot criticism. We consider the potential causes of these findings and offer suggestions for future research in the conclusion

Parenting, Religion, and Moral Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 178-196
Author(s):  
Sam A. Hardy ◽  
David C. Dollahite ◽  
Chayce R. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adolescent Religiosity ◽  
Faith Traditions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Religion

The purpose of this chapter is to review research on the role of religion in moral development within the family. We first present a model of the processes involved. Parent or family religiosity is the most distal predictor and affects moral development through its influence on parenting as well as child or adolescent religiosity. Additionally, parenting affects moral development directly, but also through its influence on child or adolescent religiosity. In other words, parent or family religiosity dynamically interconnects with parenting styles and practices, and with family relationships, and these in turn influence moral development directly as well as through child or adolescent religiosity. We also discuss how these processes might vary across faith traditions and cultures, and point to directions for future research.

Secular Living as a Context for Moral Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 612-628
Author(s):  
Phil Zuckerman ◽  
Kyle Thompson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Philosophical Discussion

Despite widespread suspicion to the contrary, secular living can and does serve as an adequate, or even excellent, context for moral development. In this chapter, the authors present the contours of contemporary anti-atheist prejudice, with an emphasis on the United States. Next, they explore the empirical data showing that individual atheists and highly secularized societies, such as Sweden and Denmark, are often quite moral, which serves to counter and debunk anti-atheist prejudice. Then, the authors move to a philosophical discussion centering around secular morality itself, outlining general merits of atheistic morality specifically while simultaneously pointing out various problematic assumptions of theistic morality. Finally, the authors conclude and make recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals “IF YOU DON’T KNOW ME BY NOW…”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Whitehead ◽  
Allan Farrell ◽  
Jenifer L. Bratter
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Hispanic Origin ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
A Site ◽  
Intimate Partnerships ◽  
College Educated ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT The racial composition of couples is a salient indicator of race’s impact on mate selection, but how well do those in intimate partnerships know the racial identities of their partners? While prior research has revealed that an individual’s race may be perceived differently than how they identify, most of what is known comes from brief interactions, with less information on established relationships. This study examines whether discrepancies in the reports of a person’s race or ethnicity can be identified even within intimate relationships, as well as which relational, social, and attitudinal factors are predictive of divergent or concordant reports. We draw on the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n=3467), a U.S.-based dataset that uniquely provides both the father’s self-reported race and Hispanic origin and the mother’s report of the father’s race and ethnicity. We compare reports of the father’s race/Hispanic origin from both parents to assess the extent of mismatch, and we distinguish between whether mothers view the father’s race as similar to or different from her own. We find roughly 14% of mothers provide a race and Hispanic origin that is inconsistent with the father’s report, with a large share reflecting differences in the self-identified and perceived race of fathers who are reported as Hispanic. Among mismatched reports, mothers are more likely to report a race/ethnicity for the father that matches her own, depressing the number reporting interracial unions. Perceptions of racial homogamy are especially likely when mothers view racial sameness as important to marriage. Further, mismatches are more common in the midst of weak relational ties (i.e. non-marital relationships) and are less common when both parents are college-educated. These findings reveal that intimate unions are a site where race is socially constructed and provide insight into how norms of endogamy manifest within formed relationships.

Haunted by the past: transformations and daily challenges of China's prosthetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Chunchun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
Rehabilitation Center ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depth Interviews

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the transformations of prosthetic practices in China, as well as the daily experiences and dilemmas arising from the everchanging practices since 1949. On the basis of materials, this paper explores an everyday perspective to review the history of technology.Design/methodology/approachEthnography was collected with the application of participant observations, informal interviews and in-depth interviews during a 13-months study at a rehabilitation center in Chengdu, China. The literature on prosthetic manufacturing was also reviewed for this paper.FindingsChina's prosthetic technology seems to evolve from traditional to modern. However, this progressive narrative – innovation-based timeline (Edgerton, 2006, xi) – has been challenged by daily practices. Due to institutional pressures, prosthetists are in a dilemma of selectively using their knowledge to create one kind of device for all prosthesis users with a certain kind of disability, thereby regulating the physical and social experiences of prosthesis users. Besides, prosthesis users are accustomed to prostheses made with old techniques, and must correct themselves from old experiences to the daily practices recognized by the selected techniques.Originality/valueThis paper provides a cross-cultural case to reexamine Edgerton's criticism of the progressive and orderly innovation-centric technological narrative. More importantly, it reviews the history and practices of China's prosthetics from daily experiences rather than Edgerton's concentration on technology; therefore, it provides an everyday perspective for future research on technological transformations.

scholarly journals Conclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Rosita Fibbi ◽  
Arnfinn H. Midtbøen ◽  
Patrick Simon
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis chapter briefly summarizes the content of the book, emphasizing how the impressive breadth of research reveal a worrying picture of enduring discrimination in immigrant-receiving societies across space and time, suggesting the contour of troubling “three P’s” in contemporary European societies: that ethno-racial discrimination appears to be pervasive, perpetuating, and persistent. The chapter also revisits the relationship between theories of integration and discrimination, and it concludes by pointing out promising for future research on discrimination.

Part I International Refugee Law— Reflections on the Scholarly Field, Ch.2 Race, Refugees, and International Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tendayi Achiume E
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Refugee Law ◽  
International Refugee Law ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Role Of Religion

The experiences of refugees are heavily mediated by race and ethnicity, and international law plays a significant role in this mediation—in some cases offering important protections, and in others entrenching discrimination and exclusion. This Chapter makes four contributions. First, it articulates a structural and intersectional account of race, racial discrimination and xenophobic discrimination as essential starting points for international legal analysis of race and refugees. This analysis includes the overlap and distinctions between racial and xenophobic discrimination, as well as the role of religion, class and gender in shaping racial discrimination against refugees. Secondly, it reviews the doctrine on race and refugees in international refugee law and international human rights law, and maps the attendant academic literature analyzing this law. Thirdly, the Chapter canvasses legal scholarship that has examined the structure, history and development of the international refugee regime in relation to race. Finally, it concludes with reflections on a research agenda on race and refugees.

Ordinary Origins of Psychological Problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 187-214
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Lahey
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
The People ◽  
Gene Environment

This chapter delves deeper into the role of environmental influences, without forgetting that environmental influences always play their role in the context of gene–environment correlations and interactions. The environments (i.e., experiences) that, on average, are statistically correlated with a higher risk are easy to identify in studies. They include stressful events, including trauma and economic hardship, maladaptive family and neighborhood environments, racial discrimination, and some characteristics of family environments. Environments do not passively shape behavior into psychological problems, however. People actively transact with their environments, meaning that their environments influence their behavior, their behavior and other characteristics influence their environments, and their characteristics moderate the extent to which their experiences influence their behavior. Many characteristics influence people’s transactions with the environment, including age, sex, race, and ethnicity. It is also useful to examine broad individual differences in cognitive and emotional traits, termed dispositions, which play key roles in people’s transactions with the environment that result in psychological problems. One important aspect of this is that many people engage in stress generation, in which their behavior actively creates stressful events such as conflicts with others that in turn stress the people who engage in the stress generation.

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