Immigration, Race, and Ethnicity in American Film

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Carr
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Film History ◽  
Future Research ◽  
American Film ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Film Texts

The rise of the American motion picture corresponds to the influx of immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe. Just as many of these immigrants initially settled in East Coast and Midwest cities, both movies and movie audiences emerged there as an urban phenomenon. Rather than view this phenomenon only in terms of the images that films of this era offered, this chapter proposes to move beyond a “reflection paradigm” of film history. Of course, film texts reflected immigrant, ethnic, and racial identities. But these identities also existed beyond the text, across movies and movie-going, and embedded within diffuse, multiple, and overlapping networks of imagined relationships. Using Bakhtin’s concept of the chronotope, this chapter recounts some preliminary case studies involving race, ethnicity, and immigration to explore how future research in this area might probe the cultural practices of movie-going among diverse audiences during the first half of the twentieth century.

Race, Ethnicity, and Nation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polly Rizova ◽  
John Stone
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Transnational Migration ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
State Boundaries ◽  
The Impact

The term “race” refers to groups of people who have differences and similarities in biological traits deemed by society to be socially significant, meaning that people treat other people differently because of them. Meanwhile, ethnicity refers to shared cultural practices, perspectives, and distinctions that set apart one group of people from another. Ethnic differences are not inherited; they are learned. When racial or ethnic groups merge in a political movement as a form of establishing a distinct political unit, then such groups can be termed nations that may be seen as representing beliefs in nationalism. Race and ethnicity are linked with nationality particularly in cases involving transnational migration or colonial expansion. Anthropologists and historians, following the modernist understanding of ethnicity, see nations and nationalism as developing with the rise of the modern state system. They culminated in the rise of “nation-states,” in which the presumptive boundaries of the nation coincided with state boundaries. Thus, the notion of ethnicity, like race and nation, developed in the context of European colonial expansion, when mercantilism and capitalism were promoting global movements of populations at the same time that state boundaries were being more clearly and rigidly defined. Theories about the relation between race, ethnicity, and nationality are also linked to more general ideas about the impact of genomics on social life—ideas that often refer to the growing “geneticization” of social life.

Ethnicity and Race as Contexts for Moral Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 628-648
Author(s):  
Deborah Rivas-Drake ◽  
Michael A. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Daily Experiences ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
Ethnicity And Race

Individuals’ experiences around ethnicity and race can profoundly shape both their understanding of injustice and their concern for justice. This chapter delineates three processes—ethnic-racial discrimination, socialization, and identity—through which race and ethnicity can inform moral development. These three processes reflect important ways in which race and ethnicity make their way into the daily experiences, thoughts, and feelings of youth. The authors first discuss how youth experience and respond to marginalization and unfair treatment (discrimination). They then discuss myriad messages youth negotiate in interracial contexts and how they construct ethnic-racial identities, with particular attention paid to how such identities may intersect with youths’ concerns for justice. The chapter concludes with directions for future research.

Buddhism and Race

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeana McNicholl
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious History ◽  
American Religious History ◽  
Buddhist Studies ◽  
Race And Racialization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Race Ethnicity

This chapter takes a step toward the theorization of discourses of race and racialization within the American Buddhist context. Far from being neutral observers, Buddhist Studies scholars have participated in the racialization of particular American Buddhisms. After mapping the landscape of key works on race, ethnicity, and American Buddhism, this chapter takes as a case study a collection of black Buddhist publications that reflect on race and ethnicity. Thus far, scholarship has ignored black Buddhists, yet black Buddhist reflections on race challenge dominant paradigms for the interpretation of the history of Buddhism and Buddhist teachings in the United States. This chapter concludes with suggestions for future avenues for research, including ways that we may connect the work of black Buddhists to the wider context of American religious history and American engagements with Asia.

Feminism and Women’s Film History in 1980s Turkey

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eylem Atakav
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
Film History ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Women Filmmakers ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Turkish Cinema ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women's Film ◽  
Film Texts ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between feminism and women's film history in the context of 1980s Turkey. In discussing women's film history, the chapter includes not only the history of women filmmakers and the films they have made but also the link between the history of Turkish film industry and feminism. It begins with a historical overview of the feminist movement in Turkey and then examines its visible traces in film texts produced during the 1980s in order to argue that those films can be most productively understood as explorations of gendered power relations. The chapter then considers how the enforced depoliticization introduced in Turkey after the 1980 coup opened up a space for feminist concerns to be expressed within commercial cinema. It also shows how this political context gave rise to the newly humanized, more independent heroine that characterized Turkish cinema during the period, but suggests that the films were nevertheless made largely within the structures of a patriarchal commercial cinema.

Hollywood Divided

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Brianton
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
Film History ◽  
The Political ◽  
American Film ◽  
History And Criticism ◽  
Conservative Group ◽  
Revisionist History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Loyalty Oath ◽  
American Film Industry

The Screen Directors Guild (SDG) meeting of October 22, 1950, was convened to discuss the recall (dismissal) of the director Joseph L. Mankiewicz as Guild president by a conservative group headed by Cecil B. DeMille. The recall was an attempt by this group to stamp out a series of member protests about introducing a mandatory anti-Communist loyalty oath through an open and signed ballot. The loyalty oath was partly designed to introduce a union-sanctioned blacklist at the Guild. These issues divided the allegiances of the Guild and its board and were related to the political tensions extending from the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) investigation into Communism in the American film industry in 1947. The SDG meeting of 1950 is one of the most famous meetings in Hollywood history. It has been written about and referenced in many books on film history and criticism and described as one of the great symbolic events in Hollywood political history. While the coverage has been extensive, it has also been misinterpreted and misunderstood. Indeed, what passes for history is actually a wildly inaccurate account based on partisan sources. This book is a revisionist history of the meeting and the loyalty oath issue.

Judicial Diversity in France: The Unspoken and the Unspeakable

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (04) ◽  
pp. 1542-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sexual Diversity ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Shed Light

Despite the importance of judicial diversity for litigants and the broader public, no previous study has examined this issue within the French judiciary. This article begins to fill this gap by using original, qualitative data that shed light on judges’, prosecutors', and other legal actors' discourses on racial, ethnic, and sexual diversity. Its main contribution is to show that these legal professionals deploy three strategies—linguistic, institutional, and geographic—to dodge or downplay the relevance of race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. The first, linguistic, form of avoidance lies in refusing to name and discuss race and ethnicity explicitly; the second, institutional, in denying that the judiciary has a diversity problem or that the problem lies within its power; and the third, geographic, consists in relegating the issue of diversity to distant places—the United States and overseas France. The article concludes by discussing key directions for future research.

How Race and Ethnicity Shape Emerging Adulthood

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moin Syed ◽  
Laura L. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Broad Overview

Despite the tremendous growth in theory and research on emerging adulthood over the past decade, relatively little attention has been paid to the experiences of emerging adults from ethnic minority backgrounds. The purpose of this chapter is to fill this gap by conducting a conceptual review of the literature on race, ethnicity, and emerging adulthood. The authors begin with a discussion of conceptual issues, clarifying terms such as emerging adults, emerging adulthood, race, and ethnicity. The existing literature is reviewed pertaining to the five pillars of emerging adulthood: the age of instability, possibilities, self-focus, in-betweenness, and identity explorations. The chapter closes with a discussion of major challenges to conducting research on race, ethnicity, and emerging adulthood. Taken together, this review is intended to provide a broad overview of the state of knowledge and inspire future research.

Exploring Officer-Involved Shootings With Interaction Effects: A Deeper Understanding of How Race/Ethnicity Interacts With Other Factors in the Use of Deadly Force

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-775
Author(s):  
Scott W. Phillips ◽  
Dae-Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Deadly Force ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Predictive Probabilities ◽  
Race Ethnicity

There has been a substantial body of research examining the reasons behind the police officers’ use of deadly force. Little research has been done to examine how race and ethnicity interact with other factors in the use of deadly force. With data collected in Dallas, Texas, the present study examines the influence of individual, situational, and neighborhood characteristics on officers’ decision to use deadly force. The present study also provides an alternative approach to logistic regression models by estimating predictive probabilities of officers shooting at citizens. The results show that when officers make decisions to shoot at citizens, situational factors are more important than demographic and neighborhood factors. Interactive effects constructed based on the race/ethnicity of the police officer and citizen showed almost no influence on the decision to shoot at a citizen. Finally, the present study concludes with a discussion of implications for policy development and future research.

scholarly journals Researching race-ethnicity in race-mute Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Jugert ◽  
Marie Jolanda Kaiser ◽  
Francesca Ialuna ◽  
Sauro Civitillo
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Racial Socialization ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Future Research ◽  
European Race ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Social Markers

In Germany and continental Europe more broadly race and ethnicity are concepts that are not widely used and increasingly erased from legislation. Nevertheless, race and ethnicity are still used as social markers and often merely replaced with other terms (e.g., cultural background). The goal of this paper is threefold. First, we point to the danger of treating race and ethnicity as essentialist categories, which is still common in developmental science research. Second, we want to outline specific problems that occur when doing research on ethnicity and race with children and adolescents in the European race-mute context. Third, we suggest that future research ought to focus more on constructions of Whiteness and reproduction of power differences among ethnic majority populations. In doing so, we draw on examples from our own research on ethnic-racial identity and ethnic-racial socialization.

Race, Ethnicity, and Education Policy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Hochschild ◽  
Francis X. Shen
Keyword(s):  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Impact

Persistent white–black disparities in education outcomes, combined with the growing presence of Asian American and especially Latino children, will make race and ethnicity a core element of education policy in the United States in the twenty-first century. This chapter explores, without resolving, a series of questions at the intersection of race, ethnicity, and American education policy. We review research evidence on persistent racial achievement gaps, race and school choice, the impact of No Child Left Behind, urban school governance, segregation, and the role of the courts in desegregation and school finance. We find that most questions about the best policies on these topics have no clear answers for several reasons explored in the chapter. Furthermore, future research must be reconceptualized since standard assumptions about group boundaries and group interests warrant reexamination. The study of education needs better data, improved methodologies, closer attention to class dynamics, and less partisan scholarship.

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