Agriculture in American Economic History

2018 ◽  
pp. 158-182
Author(s):  
Alan Olmstead ◽  
Paul W. Rhode
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Biological Learning

This chapter examines the crucial roles of biological learning and mechanization in facilitating the long sweep of American agricultural expansion and productivity growth. It also explores the major debates concerning the relationship between agricultural growth and overall economic development, the sources and impacts of the twentieth-century decline of the agricultural sector, the role of government policies, and the directions of current and promising future research. The chapter highlights the roles of biological innovation and mechanization in driving territorial expansion and productivity growth. It also investigates the forces behind the structural change affecting the role of agriculture in the US economy.

Сonceptual assessment of the implementation of the principles of inclusive rural areas development with the participation of agroholding integrated formations

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 317 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Shpykuliak ◽  
Mykola Ihnatenko ◽  
Andrii Shvets
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Responsible Management ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Methodological Assessment

The purpose of the article is to make conceptual assessments of the implementation of the principles of inclusive rural areas development with the participation of agroholding integrated formations. Research methods. In the course of the research a number of general scientific and special methods were used, in particular: system-structural analysis and synthesis as the main methodological tool (in the analysis of directions of social responsibility and inclusive development of agroholding integrated formations); monographic (in determining the essence and methodological assessment of the role of agroholding integrated formations as integrated structures in the inclusive development of Ukraine's economy); extrapolations (with substantiation of potential and possibilities of strengthening of inclusive orientation in development of agroholding integrated formations for the future). Research results. The methodological context of inclusiveness in the effects of management in the agricultural sector of the economy in the formation of the concept of sustainability is outlined. Institutional and organizational-economic characteristics are revealed and priority roles of agroholding integrated formations in realization of principles of inclusive development of rural territories are identified. The emphasis on the direction of development of agroholding integrated formations on realization of projects of socially responsible management which will consider features of development of rural territories is defined as effective and methodically expedient. Scientific novelty. The methodological context of inclusiveness in the effects of management in the agricultural sector of the economy in the formation of the concept of sustainability is outlined. Institutional and organizational-economic characteristics are revealed and priority roles of agroholding integrated formations in realization of principles of inclusive development of rural territories are identified. The emphasis on the direction of development of agroholding integrated formations on realization of projects of socially responsible management which will consider features of development of rural territories is defined as effective and methodically expedient. Practical significance. Methodological substantiation of organizational and economic characteristics and conceptualization of the role of agroholding integrated formations in the implementation of the principles of inclusive rural areas development with proof of the need for stimulating involvement of this type of structures in the implementation of socially responsible management with projection to achieve sustainability through inclusiveness. Tabl.: 2. Refs.: 50.

Research Status and Development Trends of Hazardous Materials Transportation

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1230-1239
Author(s):  
Zong Feng Zou ◽  
Bao Quan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Hazardous Materials Transportation ◽  
Transportation Risk ◽  
Hazmat Transportation ◽  
Research Situation

The related issues of hazardous materials transportation in recent years are summarized and reviewed from the following aspects: hazardous materials transportation risk evaluation models, road routing models, the application of related technology, early warning for emergency response and joint action mechanism and platform construction, the research situation and development pattern of unified monitoring platform, etc. Analysis shows that it is essential to establish more in-depth and scientific quantitative models based on the attainment of more comprehensive and continuous data as well as the consideration of various constraints. It is a direction for future research to develop comprehensive application of technology and to establish HAZMAT transportation joint control platform in large area, and the leading and facilitating role of government should be paid more attention on joint control platform construction in large area.

scholarly journals The Role of Agricultural Sector Productivity in Economic Growth: The Case of Iran’s Economic Development Plan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Tahamipour ◽  
Mina Mahmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Factor Productivity Growth ◽  
Development Plan ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Economic Development Plan

This study provides the theoretical framework and empirical model for productivity growth evaluations in agricultural sector as one of the most important sectors in Iran’s economic development plan. We use the Solow residual model to measure the productivity growth share in the value-added growth of the agricultural sector. Our time series data includes value-added per worker, employment, and capital in this sector. The results show that the average total factor productivity growth rate in the agricultural sector is -0.72% during 1991-2010. Also, during this period, the share of total factor productivity growth in the value-added growth is -19.6%, while it has been forecasted to be 33.8% in the fourth development plan. Considering the effective role of capital in the agricultural low productivity, we suggest applying productivity management plans (especially in regards of capital productivity) to achieve future growth goals.

scholarly journals Hunger in Madagascar: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. p21
Author(s):  
Lincoln J. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
National Probability Sample

This paper is a continuation of a larger study which assesses hunger in African countries. The purpose of these papers in this is to look at the scope of hunger in countries and then to identify the factors that predict hunger in each individual country. This is the 5th paper in the series and is concerned with hunger in Madagascar, one of Africa’s and the world’s hungriest countries. The paper is important for several reasons. One is the fact that it, like all the country level papers, is based on a national probability sample, something the literature stresses is lacking and needed to improve hunger research. A second is that all the papers in the series, including this one, found that the literature’s suggestion that gender and the rural-urban dimension are significant predictors of hunger. These studies have provided a consistent list of significant hunger predictors. Employment in the country’s agricultural sector, wealth as measured by asset ownership, education and age were consistent significant predictors, .The surprising findings were related to respondent perception of the role of government in addressing hunger, questions like the way the government was handling whether people had enough to eat or addressing the living standards of the poor. The major policy implication of this and earlier papers is that governments need to reach out to citizens, presenting them with their food related plans and assuring them that the government is doing everything within its power to address hunger in their countries.

scholarly journals Rural Unemployment in Gujarat and West Bengal

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Agricultural Employment ◽  
Rural Unemployment

Based on NSSO data sets, this study covers the period from 1993 to 2010 and focuses on a comparison of rural unemployment in Gujarat and West Bengal, chosen because of their contrasting characteristics. In the past few decades, Gujarat has emphasised growth through modern industrial production, while under a different ideological regime, West Bengal aimed to achieve agricultural growth, land reform and more egalitarian patterns of agricultural incomes. Recent evidence suggests that meanwhile Gujarat’s agriculture has registered high growth in output during 2000–08, while West Bengal has failed to kick off industrialisation, despite making some pressing efforts. The article clearly identifies the limited scope for agriculture to provide full employment for all young rural people in India. However, given the important role of the agricultural sector in safeguarding national food security, it becomes obvious that apart from careful attention to agricultural developments, sustainable alternatives to traditional agricultural employment need to be activated. The concluding section therefore considers various policy options for tackling the risks of rural unemployment and underemployment in India.

scholarly journals Adoption of Sustainable Technology in the Malaysian SMEs Sector: Does the Role of Government Matter?

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fauzan Abu Bakar ◽  
Majharul Talukder ◽  
Ali Quazi ◽  
Irfanuzzaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Sustainable Technology

This paper looks at the role of government as a novel dimension in the adoption of sustainable technology by small and medium enterprises (SME) in Malaysia. This determinant stems from the fact that, in many transitional economies, private sector organizations encounter resource constraints as a barrier to innovation adoption. This is especially the case with sustainable technology incorporated into business operations. Therefore, third party intervention into the adoption process becomes inevitable and it is considered to make the adoption process more effective. A government has both the power and resources to play a pivotal role in the adoption of sustainable technology. Given this state of affairs, this study examines the government’s role as a critical factor in achieving smooth and efficient adoption. The theory of reasoned action (TRA) serves as the theoretical underpinning of this study. The data were collected from a sample of 263 SMEs in Malaysia. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data. It was found that government policies and subsidies are critical in encouraging the adoption of sustainable technology in Malaysia. This paper discusses the implications for government-driven adoption of sustainable technology, identifies the limitations of the analysis, and avenues of future research in this very relevant and expanding field.

Discussion

1956 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-481
Author(s):  
Forest G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic History ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Canadian Experience ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Canadian Economic History ◽  
American Economy

Professor Fowke ably demonstrates the merit of a comparative approach to American and Canadian economic history. His penetrating analysis reveals how relevant the understanding of economic development in Canada is to the study of that in the United States. Of the two, the Canadian national period has been shorter, the essential lines of economic growth simpler, and the role of government clearer and more pronounced. Canadian experience thereby provides a fruitful comparative basis for analyzing the longer, more complex development of the American economy and the more varied, often puzzling, part taken by government.

scholarly journals E-Commerce Adoption Research: A Review of Literature

2018 ◽  
pp. 90-99
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Adoption Process ◽  
Adoption Studies ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Adoption Research ◽  
Process Perspective ◽  
Limited Scope

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive literature review of the e-commerce adoption studies. This paper investigated the papers that have been published and indexed in the Scopus database for the period from 2012-2017. This study found that e-commerce adoption studies can be classified into six themes: factors affecting e-commerce adoption, barrier of e-commerce adoption, implication of e-commerce adoption, e-commerce adoption process, improvement of e-commerce adoption and e-commerce web attraction. It is found that existing literature has given considerable attention to the drivers that facilitate e-commerce adoption while other themes have received far less attention from researchers. The significant factors that influence e-commerce adoption includes management’s support, the role of government, perceived benefits, external pressures, organizational readiness, IT-related skills, capabilities and infrastructure, among others. Such limited scope of study efforts could only provide a stagnant view towards partial understanding of the dynamic diffusion process of e-commerce. Future research shall be extended to explore e-commerce adoption from the process perspective and investigate the post-adoption stages of e-commerce to observe how e-commerce adoption evolves over time.

scholarly journals The Role of Agricultural Growth in South Asian Countries and the Affordability of Food: An Inter-country Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 39 (4II) ◽  
pp. 751-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulfiqar Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
Country Analysis

Agriculture is the mainstay of the most developing countries, which supplies food and employment to the majority of the population. Because of the dominance of the agricultural sector, a sufficient supply of domestic food is indispensable to support stable socio-economic and political systems in these countries. To attain a sustained growth of agricultural productivity, sufficient investment in the agricultural sector is crucial, particularly in the initial stages of economic development. This increases agricultural production and as a result, there is a shift in (human) resources from the agricultural sector to the industrial and services sectors. According to Duranton (1998), in order to transform from agricultural sector to industrial sector a significant increase in the agricultural sector productivity is necessary. On the demand-side, the growth in agricultural production increases agricultural income which leads to increase in the demand for industrial products; whereas on the supplyside, the increase in the agricultural productivity shifts human resources from the agricultural to the industrial sector [Jorgenson (1967)].

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